Long-range correlation in sheared granular fluids

The spatial correlation function of the momentum density in the three-dimensional dilute sheared granular fluids is theoretically investigated. The existence of the long-range correlation is verified through both the analytic calculation and the numerical simulation.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure

Multifidus muscle retracted and preserved in resection of malignant bone tumor in the sacral ala

Resection of malignant tumors in the posterior pelvis requires multidirectional approaches for the resection and the subsequent spine-pelvic fixation. The multifidus muscle can be scarified during the operation. This is a case report of a 44-year-old male with a secondary chondrosarcoma arising from an osteochondroma in the sacral ala. Recurrence occurred 11 months after the initial operation, and the resected tissue from the recurrence was diagnosed as a chondrosarcoma. In both operations, the multifidus muscle was elevated from its distal attachment to provide an adequate view of the tumor resection and insertion of spine-pelvic instrumentation. An adequate view by elevation of the multifidus muscle is useful for a safe operation. A preserved multifidus muscle covering the instrumentation may reduce the risk of infection. The elevation and preservation of the multifidus muscle is an easy and simple method that contributes to successful resection of a malignant tumor of the pelvis

Mineralogy of Yamato 983885 lunar polymict breccia with a KREEP basalt,a high-Al basalt, a very low-Ti basalt and Mg-rich rocks

Y983885 is a polymict regolith breccia with a KREEP basalt, Mg-rich troctolite/norite, a high-Al basalt, a very low-Ti basalt, a granulite originated from ferroan anorthosite, and Si, Na-rich impact spherules. An igneous KREEP basalt is first reported among lunar meteorites to date. The KREEP basalt is mineralogically distinct from Apollo KREEP basalts due to the lack of the typical Ca zoning from orthopyroxene to pigeonite, instead, the presence of the co-existing pigeonite/augite with chemical zonings and micron-scale exsolution. With these mineral characteristics, the KREEP basalt is probably cooled slightly slower than the Apollo KREEP basalts under the subsurface condition such as hypabyssal setting or lava pond. Further study of the additional samples is necessary to fully understand the petrogenesis of this new KREEP basalt. The troctolite and norite are also distinct in lower mg# of mafic minerals and higher modal abundance of olivine in norite, comparing to Apollo troctolites and norites, implying the existence of a rock type with intermediate modal abundance between norite and troctolite, and the compositional diversity of Mg-rich lithologies. Simultaneous occurrence of a KREEP basalt and a genetically KREEP-related, high-Al basalt, a Mg-rich troctolite/norite and the Si, Na-rich impact glasses can constrain the source region of Y983885 to the KREEP-rich Procellarum terrane in the northwestern hemisphere of the lunar nearside

Alternative Leader-Exon Usage in Mouse IGF-I mRNA Variants: Class 1 and Class 2 IGF-I mRNAs

The mouse IGF-I gene contains six exons, and exon 1 and exon 2 gene are considered to be leader exons. The regulatory mechanism of alternative usage of the leader exons is unclear in mice. The present study, was aimed at clarifying changes in class 1 (derived from exon 1) and class 2 (derived from exon 2) IGF-I mRNA expression in mice under various conditions. Both class 1 and class 2 IGF-I mRNAs were expressed in the mouse uterus, liver and kidney, and class 1 IGF-I mRNA was the major transcript in all organs studied. In the uterus, both class 1 and class 2 IGF-I mRNA expression changed markedly during the estrous cycle, with the highest level at proestrus, but in the liver and kidney there were no significant changes in IGF-I mRNA expression during the estrous cycle. Estrogen treatment increased both class 1 and class 2 IGF-I mRNA levels in the uterus of ovariectomized mice, but class 1 mRNA expression increased more in response to estrogen treatment than class 2 mRNA expression. These findings suggest that estrogen stimulates IGF-I gene expression in, uterine cells, and that a promoter involved in transcription of class 1 IGF-I mRNA is more responsive to estrogen. In conclusion, the present study revealed that two leader exons of mouse IGF-I gene are used in the uterus, liver and kidney. IGF-I mRNA levels of both classes changed during the estrous cycle in the uterus, but not in the liver or kidney. Estrogen increased IGF-I mRNA levels of both classes in the uterus

Paraplegia Caused by Multifocal Osteosarcoma With Spinal Lesions

Background: Multifocal osteosarcoma is a rare condition that may be either synchronous or metachronous. Spine involvement of multifocal osteosarcoma is very rare. Synchronous multifocal osteosarcoma is typically described as the occurrence of tumors at two or more sites in the absence of pulmonary metastases. Methods: A 55-year-old man initially presented with low back pain. Multiple osteosclerotic lesions were observed, primarily in the spine and pelvis, as well as in soft tissues. Lung lesions were observed, but they were relatively small at reference. Laboratory tests showed a markedly elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level of 36, 416 U/L (normal range, 115-359 U/L). Based upon a diagnosis of osteosarcoma on biopsy, chemotherapy was administered, resulting in a decrease in ALP to 17, 833 U/L. Results: Decompression of the symptomatic compressed spinal cord and posterior spinal stabilization of T8-12 were performed. However, progressive extensions of multiple lesions to the spinal canal led to paraplegia with urinary dysfunction. Eleven months after the first visit to our hospital, the patient died due to multiple organ failure. Conclusions: Multifocal osteosarcoma accompanied by spinal lesions may lead to paraplegia, a clinical problem that negatively affects the quality of activities of daily living. Level of Evidence 4. Clinical Relevance: Multifocal osteosarcoma accompanied by spinal lesions may lead to paraplegia, a clinical problem that negatively affects the quality of life and activities of daily living