High MYC mRNA expression is more clinically relevant than MYC DNA amplification in triple-negative breast cancer

DNA abnormalities are used in inclusion criteria of clinical trials for treatments with specific targeted molecules. MYC is one of the most powerful oncogenes and is known to be associated with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Its DNA amplification is often part of the targeted DNA-sequencing panels under the assumption of reflecting upregulated signaling. However, it remains unclear if MYC DNA amplification is a surrogate of its upregulated signaling. Thus, we investigated the difference between MYC DNA amplification and mRNA high expression in TNBCs utilizing publicly available cohorts. MYC DNA amplified tumors were found to have various mRNA expression levels, suggesting that MYC DNA amplification does not always result in elevated MYC mRNA expression. Compared to other subtypes, both MYC DNA amplification and mRNA high expression were more frequent in the TNBCs. MYC mRNA high expression, but not DNA amplification, was significantly associated with worse overall survival in the TNBCs. The TNBCs with MYC mRNA high expression enriched MYC target genes, cell cycle related genes, and WNT/β-catenin gene sets, whereas none of them were enriched in MYC DNA amplified TNBCs. In conclusion, MYC mRNA high expression, but not DNA amplification, reflects not only its upregulated signaling pathway, but also clinical significance in TNBCs

大学生ラグビープレーヤーにおけるキーワードを用いたコーチングの効果に関する基礎研究

This is a basic study to clarify the effectiveness of a coaching method using "key-words", which has been under way for over a year, in a university rugby club as a new approach to teaching players to make a quick and an appropnate decisions. The purpose is also to find out how this "coaching using key-words" method spread amongst the players. The results, which include some procedual problems occured in the experiments, are as follow; 1) The average frequency of key-words comprehension among regulars (starting members and other playing members) and reserves (non-playing members) the difference were minimal. But in regards to the decision making influenced by key-words, the differences between regulars and reserves were very great in favor of regulars. The conclusion from this finding is that regulars used key-words as bases for their decision makings, opposed to reserves who recognized key-words but the words did not influence their decision making. This is caused by differences in actual playing experience and oppertunity for regulars to receive instructings and explanations directly from the coach during specific situation in practice where key-words are used. 2) During this reseach, the overall result showed very low-level of using key-words as hints for decision making. But after closer examination of questionairs, there were problems with players not understand the questions or not completely understanding the choices given in the multiple choice styled questionaire. There was also a problem with large number of choices in the questionaire which was caused by great number of choices or decisions a player must make during a game. The procedure and from of questionaire may need more revising for further reseach. 3) There were many cases showing that both a forward leader and a back leader received almost the same marks as to the points of the key-words and the decision-making in the same situation, compared to other players. This suggests that there was some relationship with the fact that the training sessions and the matches of the examined team was always carried out with leaders who scored high marks and these leaders baring more oppertunity to make decisions on behalf of the team. 4) In the analysis of specific situations, there were many players who received high marks in the scale for both key-words and the decision-making in one specific situation, compared to other situations. The situation which resulted in high marks was "in which backs players move the ball to the open side, penetrate the opposition\u27s defensive line and break through. " This indicate it is possible that the whole team can have the right choice of the key-word and the decision-making in many other situations. In following pages, this paper will examine "the effectiveness of a coaching method using key-words" itself. The auther would like the reader to keep in mind following points throught out this study. 1) To define the ways of the instruction using key-words. Adding a cognitive training using video in addition to the on-field instruction, etc. 2) A consideration of the coaching and video-trainig inplementation period. 3) A consideration of the procedure for the study

ラグビー高校トッププレーヤーの心理的特性に関する研究

We conducted a survey about the mental state of the player who participated in six camps, where JAPAN HIGH SCHOOLS are selected and built up. TSMI test was used as a measure for the survey. The results showed following distinctive features: 1) The players who come from the schools which have never had a JAPAN HIGH SCHOOLS player before have more strained anxiety and uneasiness for failure. The levels of anxiety and uneasiness increased more after the announcement of the JAPAN HIGH SCHOOLS nomination. 2) The players who were in a regular position and performed very well showed less anxiety and uneasiness. On the other hand, the reserves showed stronger anxiety and uneasiness. The regular players got high marks on the scale of the challenge for goal. 3) There are the cases which indicate that captain, who has to play a central role in the team, shows some characteristic scores on the scale of uneasiness, training-planning, etc. 4) There are some interrelation between the evaluation by the coaching staff and the scores on the scale of the willingness for improving technique and willingness for practice