Realization of the Lepton Flavor Structure from Point Interactions

We investigate a 5d gauge theory on $S^1$ with point interactions. The point interactions describe extra boundary conditions and provide three generations, the charged lepton mass hierarchy, the lepton flavor mixing and tiny degenerated neutrino masses after choosing suitable boundary conditions and parameters. The existence of the restriction in the flavor mixing, which appears from the configuration of the extra dimension, is one of the features of this model. Tiny Yukawa couplings for the neutrinos also appears without the see-saw mechanism nor symmetries in our model. The magnitude of CP violation in the leptons can be a prediction and is consistent with the current experimental data.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, 3rd International Conference on New Frontiers in Physic

Realization of lepton masses and mixing angles from point interactions in an extra dimension

We investigate a model on an extra dimension $S^1$ where plenty of effective boundary points described by point interactions (zero-thickness branes) are arranged. After suitably selecting the conditions on these points for each type of five-dimensional fields, we realize the tiny active neutrino masses, the charged lepton mass hierarchy, and lepton mixings with a CP-violating phase, simultaneously. Not only the quark's but also the lepton's configurations are generated in a unified way with acceptable accuracy, with neither the see-saw mechanism nor symmetries in Yukawa couplings, by suitably setting the model parameters, even though their flavor structures are dissimilar each other. One remarkable point is that a complex vacuum expectation value of the five-dimensional Higgs doublet in this model becomes the common origin of the CP violation in both quark and lepton sectors. The model can be consistent with the results of the precision electroweak measurements and Large Hadron Collider experiments.Comment: 29 pages, 7 figures (v1); 28 pages, 7 figures in JHEP style file, published version in JHEP, a subsection added, typo fixed (v2

Early Rehabilitation with Weight-bearing Standing-shaking-board Exercise in Combination with Electrical Muscle Stimulation after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

The objective of early rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is to increase the muscle strength of the lower extremities. Closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercise induces co-contraction of the agonist and antagonist muscles. The purpose of this study was to compare the postoperative muscle strength/mass of subjects who performed our new CKC exercise (new rehabilitation group:group N) from week 4, and subjects who received traditional rehabilitation alone (traditional rehabilitation group:group T). The subjects stood on the device and maintained balance. Then, low-frequency stimulation waves were applied to 2 points each in the anterior and posterior region of the injured thigh 3 times a week for 3 months. Measurement of muscle strength was performed 4 times (before the start, and then once a month). Muscle mass was evaluated in CT images of the extensor and flexor muscles of 10 knees (10 subjects) in each group. The injured legs of group N showed significant improvement after one month compared to group T. The cross-sectional area of the extensor muscles of the injured legs tended to a show a greater increase at 3 months in group N. This rehabilitation method makes it possible to contract fast-twitch muscles, which may be a useful for improving extensor muscle strength after ACL reconstruction