Effect of Traditional smoking Method on Nutritive Values and Organoleptic Properties of Sarotherodon galilaeus and Oreochromis niloticus

Fish deterioration or spoilage is one of the greatest problems facing the fishing industry in Nigeria, and since ancient times, smoking has been used to preserve fish products and improve their taste, aroma and colour. The present study was carried out to determine and compare the effects of traditional smoking kiln on nutritional properties and sensory characteristics of Sarotherodon galilaeus and Oreochromis niloticus. A drum type smoking kiln was used for fish smoking. Raw and smoked fish samples were subjected to nutritional analysis and sensory evaluations. Nutritional analysis showed that the crude protein value of smoked O. niloticus (47.69 + 0.13%) was significantly (P<0.05) lower than the smoked S.galilaeus (50.12 +0.31%) while the crude fat values of S.galilaeus was slightly higher than the O. niloticus. The value of nitrogen free extract of S.galilaeus was higher than the value of O.niloticus with mean values of 18.00+ 0.02% and 0.32±0.01% recorded respectively while the metabolizable energy value of S. galilaeus was significantly (P<0.05) higher than O.niloticus . Sensory evaluation results revealed that smoked S. galilaeus was better in terms of juiciness and overall acceptability while O. niloticus had higher values in term of flavour, tenderness and texture. Based on the results of the study, smoked S. galilaeus and O. niloticus were nutritionally comparable. The results also showed that traditional smoking method is an important preservation method which could enhance the nutritive values of fishes and possibly reduce post-harvest losses.Keywords: Proximate composition, Sarotherodon galilaeus, Oreochromis niloticus, smoking, sensory evaluation

Patients' Satisfaction With Care From Nigerian Federal Capital Territory's Public Secondary Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Patients' satisfaction remains an important tool for evaluating quality of care in the emerging global trend of patient-centered care. AIM: To assess satisfaction with care received by patients at public secondary hospitals in Abuja, north central Nigeria. METHOD: We measured patients' satisfaction using structured questionnaire, and Cronbach α was used to assess consistency in item responses. A multivariate mixed-effects linear regression was fitted to identify factors influencing the overall satisfaction. RESULTS: All satisfaction domains tested were scored at "intermediate-positive levels" except for the "feeling being valued and appreciated as patients" domain that scored the least positive response level. On the overall, respondents rated the hospitals at high satisfaction level. There was a significant positive association between patients' satisfaction and careful listening of care providers; patients' perception of being valued and appreciated by the hospital staff (P = .003 and P = .001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest high satisfaction of care at public hospitals in Abuja Nigeria. Patients satisfaction survey should be integrated into hospital management planning and administration as part of quality improvement

Morphometric and Meristic Analysis of Gymnarchus niloticus (Teleostei: Gymnarchidae) from Oyan Dam and Epe Creek in South West, Nigeria

A study of morphometric and meristic characteristics of Gymnarchus niloticus from Oyan dam in Ogun State and Epe creek, Lagos State used three meristic and ten morphometric measurements in relation to standard length and head length. The body measurements and proportions did not bring out definite demarcation in the morphology of Gymnarchus niloticus from the two locations, even though; slight differences were observed in all the parameters measured. Specimens from Oyan dam were longer (mean = 92.6 mm) than those from Epe creek (75.6 mm). Similarly meristic counts also showed slight differences in the two locations with dorsal fin ray count in Oyan dam specimens higher (165.7) than Epe Creek specimens (155). The t-Test revealed no significant differences exist in these character ratio data at 5% probability level of significance. These results have in dictated that minor difference observed in morphometric characters and meristic counts may be due to environmental influence on the species.Key words: Gymnarchus niloticus, morphometric characters, meristic characters, Oyan dam, Epe cree

An analysis of factors affecting aquaculture development in Ogun state, Nigeria

No Abstract.Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol. 5 (2) 2006: pp. 101-10

Sex Ratio And fecundity Of Chrysichthys Nigrodigitatus (Family - Claroteidae) From Asejire Lake, Nigeria

Sex ratio and fecundity of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus from Asejire Lake were examined. The length-weight relationship showed that weight was curvilinearly related to standard length. The logarithm transformation of weight against standard length gave a straight-line graph representedby the following equation: Log W = -0.66 + 2.13 Log sl        r2 = 0.854; (p<0.001) n = 209 Males were generally more with a male : female ratio of I:0.18. The average fish weight was 88.97g (16.28 cm standard length). Sexual maturity was attained at an average size of 45.0g (14.0 cm standard length). Relative fecundity was dependent on body weight and standard length (P <0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively). Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus expended between 0. 75%- 27.30% of body weight in egg production. The condition factor values showed that a female specimen of equal length with a male specimen is heavier. Six gonad maturity stages were identified, ovary and gonad weights increased with stage of maturity.Keywords: Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus; body weight; standard length; condition factor; gonads

An analysis of some heavy metals in the water, sediments and some fishery organisms from Yewa Lagoon, Nigeria

The concentration of heavy metals(Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd and Cu) in the muscle of three fishery organisms (Chrysicththys nigrodigitatus, Sarotherodon galilaeus and Peneaus monodon)and in environmental samples of waterand sediment were tested in Yewa Lagoon, Nigeria. Five fishing villages along the lagoon were selected as the sample sites where these metals were tested. The heavy metal content in the muscle of the fishery organisms was Zn > Ni >Pb> Cu > Cd;Zn > Ni >Pb> Cd > Cu and Zn > Ni >Pb> Cd > Cu in C.nigrodigitatus, S. galilaeus and P. monodon respectively. The heavy metal concentrations in the sediment was Zn >Pb> Cu > Ni > Cd. However, nickel and cadmium were not present in the water at two sampling sitesof Yewa Lagoon.The water of Yewa Lagoon is polluted with all the five heavy metals which were all higher than the WHO standard. The concentration of Zinc in the fisheryorganisms were below the WHO standard. However, the high concentration of zinc in the water (which is well above the WHO standard) could be associated with the fact that zinc is naturally abundant in Nigeria soils.Keywords: Heavy metals, sediments, fishery organisms, lagoon

Fecundity and condition of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Family Claroteidae) in Yewa Lagoon, Nigeria

The minimum and maximum standard length of females caught was 8.0cm (14.5g body weight) and 14.6cm (53.4g body weight) respectively while the males were 10.1cm (19.8g) and 17.1cm (68.6g). The gonadosomatic index (GSI) for females ranged between 6.55 and 25.57 while males ranged between 5.68 and 16.55. Significant (P<0.05) relationships were observed between standard length, body weight, gonad weight and fecundity. There was significant (P<0.05) relationship between body weight and fecundity. Body weight and GSI had no significant (P>0.05) relationship with condition factor in C. nigrodigitatus in Yewa Lagoon. The condition factor (K) ranged between 1.58 and 2.92 for the females while males ranged between 1.08 and 2.79. The condition of female fish was slightly better than that of male fish of the same length.Keywords: Fecundity, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatu

Factors influencing the marketing of fresh fish in Ogun State, Nigeria

A study was conducted to examine the factors influencing the sales of fresh fish in Ogun State. Data was collected with the use of structured questionnaires, which was administered in three of the four agricultural zones of Ogun State: Abeokuta, Ijebu-Ode, and Ilaro zones. The results revealed that the respondents were mostly males (79.38%) with high level of literacy. The pond sizes ranged between less than 1 – 5 with 46.37% of fish farms within pond size grouping of less than one hectare. The market prices of Clarias spp. ranged between □250 □400/Kg and the farmers were mostly patronized by retailers. Fish farm location significantly (P<0.05) affected the weight size, species and condition of the fishes offered for sale or purchased by the farmers. The cost of fish in the three agricultural zones were significantly (P<0.05) different. This was attributed to distance to sales point or markets. However, the ages of the  respondents in the zones were not significantly different and it did not make much impact on the cost and sales of the fish species offered for sale. The main fish species cultured and offered for sale in the state was Clarias gariepinus and this was attributed to consumers demand. However, few of the farmers offered other species for sale, which included Heterotis niloticus, Tilapia spp, Heterobrancus and Heteroclarias spp. Most of these other species were captured fisheries and not cultured

The effects of heavy metals concentration on some commercial fish in Ogun River, Opeji, Ogun State, Nigeria

A study was conducted on commercially important fish species of heavy metals in water bodies. The primary objectives were to find out the amount of heavy metals concentration in the fish species, sediments and water samples at the deep and shallow part of the river, to determine the toxicity and relationship between the collected samples and the rate at which it pollutes the water. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) evaluates their wholesomeness for human consumption. Four heavy metals (lead, cadmium, copper and zinc) were analyzed and only copper and zinc were found to be present in the digested samples. The concentration of copper in the fish (flesh) was 0.09 mg/l and that of zinc was 0.25 mg/l. In the bone samples, copper was found to have 0.17 mg/l and zinc 0.22 mg/l. In the water samples analyzed, the concentration of copper is 0.035 mg/l while that of zinc is 0.047 mg/l. In the sediment sample, the amount of copper is 310.0 mg/kg while that of zinc is 2050.0 mg/kg. This however signifies that the fish species in the Ogun River as well as the water is suitable for consumption which was found to be less than the World Health Organization (WHO) maximum recommended acceptable limits in the food.Key words: Heavy metals, fish species, water samples, toxicit

Demographic survey and management outcome of Post-Neonatal Tetanus at the Ekiti state university teaching hospital, Ado Ekiti

Background: Tetanus continues to threaten the survival of children in spite of it being a vaccine preventable disease. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of post-neonatal tetanus, review the vaccination of affected children, complications encountered and the outcome among affected children in a tertiary health institution in southwestern Nigeria. Methods: The study was a retrospective study. Case notes of children outside neonatal life admitted to the Paediatric ward with clinical diagnosis of tetanus between January 2012 and October 2018 were retrieved and evaluated to identify socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. A review of the immunization history and cards was done where the immunization cards were available. Results: 21children with post-neonatal tetanus were admitted over a period of six years (November 2012 to October 2018) with a prevalence of 0.3%. The M:F was 3.2:1. The mean age in years was 10.14 ±3.44 while the age range of the subjects was 4 to 16years. None of the patients had booster doses of tetanus toxoid (TT) outside the infancy period. Nine (42.9%) subjects had no previous TT vaccination, 2 (9.5%) had 3 doses of TT vaccine in infancy but developed tetanus at age ≥9 years, 1(4.8%) subject had a dose of TT while the remaining 9subjects had no proof of previous TT vaccination. The percentage mortality was 19% (4 out of 21). All the patients that died had no prior record of TT vaccination. Complications identified included laryngeal spasm and autonomic dysfunction. Conclusion: Post-neonatal tetanus is still common in our locality because booster doses of Tetanus Toxoid are not part of the national immunization schedule. Complete dose of tetanus toxoid vaccination during infancy and booster doses at school entry is necessary and should be part of school health programme to forestall post-neonatal tetanu