SYNCHRONIZATION AND CHAOS IN THE DISCRETE CHEMICAL OSCILLATION SYSTEM(Session I : Cross-Disciplinary Physics, The 1st Tohwa University International Meeting on Statistical Physics Theories, Experiments and Computer Simulations)

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Number of Axillary Lymph Node Metastases Determined by Preoperative Ultrasound is Related to Prognosis in Patients with Breast Cancer

Objective: To analyze the impact on prognosis of the number of axillary lymph node metastases (LNM) detected by ultrasound (US) in patients with breast cancer. Methods: One-to-one comparison of LNM was performed between the ultrasound and histologic diagnosis in 380 patients. Results: The accuracy of preoperative ultrasound diagnosis was 79.7%. According to the subdivision of number of LNM (0, 1–3, 4–9, 10+), the accuracy rates associated with LNM were 82%, 49%, 34%, and 86%, respectively. The disease-free-survival curves according to the number of LNM were similar in them. Conclusion: Preoperative ultrasound can determine axillary involvement and may be useful for predicting prognosis

Oncoplastic Surgery in Japanese Patients with Breast Cancer Close to the Areola: Partial Mastectomy Using Periareolar Mammoplasty: A Case Report

We report the results of oncoplastic surgery in two Japanese patients with early breast cancer. Their breasts were large and ptotic, and their lesions, which were close to the areola, were considered to be suitable for breast conservative surgery. Oncoplastic surgery involving partial resection of the gland and a periareolar mammoplasty were performed. The technique was easy to perform, and the cosmetic outcome was excellent

Number of Axillary Lymph Node Metastases Determined by Preoperative Ultrasound is Related to Prognosis in Patients with Breast Cancer

cancer

CyclinG1-PP2A B´γ フクゴウタイ ノ ケツゴウ ヲ ソガイ スル ELAS1 ペプチド ハ p53 ノ アンテイカ ト カッセイカ ヲ カイシテ ガン サイボウ ヲ アポトースス ヘ ユウドウ スル

SummaryInsulin secretion is essential for maintenance of glucose homeostasis, but the mechanism of insulin granule exocytosis, the final step of insulin secretion, is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of Rim2α in insulin granule exocytosis, including the docking, priming, and fusion steps. We found that interaction of Rim2α and Rab3A is required for docking, which is considered a brake on fusion events, and that docking is necessary for K+-induced exocytosis, but not for glucose-induced exocytosis. Furthermore, we found that dissociation of the Rim2α/Munc13-1 complex by glucose stimulation activates Syntaxin1 by Munc13-1, indicating that Rim2α primes insulin granules for fusion. Thus, Rim2α determines docking and priming states in insulin granule exocytosis depending on its interacting partner, Rab3A or Munc13-1, respectively. Because Rim2α−/− mice exhibit impaired secretion of various hormones stored as dense-core granules, including glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, growth hormone, and epinephrine, Rim2α plays a critical role in exocytosis of these dense-core granules

Glutamate Acts as a Key Signal Linking Glucose Metabolism to Incretin/cAMP Action to Amplify Insulin Secretion

Incretins, hormones released by the gut after meal ingestion, are essential for maintaining systemic glucose homeostasis by stimulating insulin secretion. The effect of incretins on insulin secretion occurs only at elevated glucose concentrations and is mediated by cAMP signaling, but the mechanism linking glucose metabolism and cAMP action in insulin secretion is unknown. We show here, using a metabolomics-based approach, that cytosolic glutamate derived from the malate-aspartate shuttle upon glucose stimulation underlies the stimulatory effect of incretins and that glutamate uptake into insulin granules mediated by cAMP/PKA signaling amplifies insulin release. Glutamate production is diminished in an incretin-unresponsive, insulin-secreting β cell line and pancreatic islets of animal models of human diabetes and obesity. Conversely, a membrane-permeable glutamate precursor restores amplification of insulin secretion in these models. Thus, cytosolic glutamate represents the elusive link between glucose metabolism and cAMP action in incretin-induced insulin secretion