The effect of light and noise reduction on the sleep state of preterm infants

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of reducing light and noise on the sleep of preterm infants. Material and Methods: This randomized controlled trial study was conducted on 80 preterm infants. Infants in the study group were observed under a coated oxygen hood to reduce light and noise, and the infants in the control group were observed under a standard oxygen hood, for two hours. Results: The gestational age of preterm infants in the study group was 32.92 +/- 1.17 and in the control group-33.31 +/- 0.90 weeks. There was a significant difference between the study and control groups in terms of the sleep state and activity count (p< 0.05). Discussion: It was concluded that the preterm infants slept longer and the activity count was lower by reducing the light and noise

Wickerhamomyces anomalus blood stream infection in a term newborn with pneumonia

WOS: 000422968000021PubMed ID: 29376586The incidence of invasive candidiasis is high in neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Candida albicans is the most common fungal agent pathogenic to neonates but invasive fungal infections caused by uncommon fungi have increased in recent years. Wickerhamomyces anomalus is a very rare pathogen causing blood stream infection in neonates, which has reportedly caused only few cases in the literature. Here we report a case of blood stream infection caused by a fungal agent Wickerhamomyces anomalus in a term male infant

Is high platelet distribution width in the first hours of life can predict hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in preterm newborns?

Aim: To determine whether there is any association between platelet indices within the first hours of life and hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) in preterm newborns. Patient and methods: A total of 100 preterm infants, gestational age <32 weeks and birth weight <1500 g were analyzed in the study. Complete blood counts obtained within the first 6 hours of life were evaluated for platelet parameters and compared for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) status. Results: We included 50 infants with hsPDA and 50 controls. Mean gestational week of patients were 28.8 ± 2.4 weeks and mean birth weight of the patients were 1237.5 ± 406 g. Platelet distribution width (PDW) is higher in PDA group compared with the control group (p =.023). The cutoff value of PDW is 11.45 fL for hsPDA with 65% sensitivity and 66% specificity. The other blood parameters including platelet count, platelet mass, and mean platelet volume (MPV) were no statistically different between the two groups. Also, there was no association with the platelet count and the response to the medical therapy. Conclusions: There is no association between hsPDA and the platelet count, platelet mass or MPV in the first day of life. We determined that hsPDA patency was significantly associated with a higher first day PDW level, which is a more specific indicator of platelet activation than other platelet parameters

Spontaneous resolution of pulmonary interstitial emphysema in a preterm infant on non-invasive mechanical ventilation

Pulmoner interstisyel amfizem (PIA) alveoler ve küçük hava yollarının rüptürü sonucu havanın perivasküler bağ dokusu içinde birikmesi ve interstisyumda toplanması olarak tanımlanan hava kaçağı sendromudur. Sıklıkla yenidoğan döneminde, özellikle mekanik ventilasyon desteği altında izlenen prematüre bebeklerde görülür. Burada invaziv mekanik ventilasyon desteği almamasına rağmen akciğer grafisinde kistik, kaviter görünüm saptanan ve konservatif tedavi ile düzelen lokalize PİA tanısı alan bir prematüre hasta sunulmuştur.Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIA) is an air leak syndrome defined as the accumulation of air in the perivascular connective tissue and collection in the interstitium as a result of rupture of the alveolar and small airways. It is frequently seen in the neonatal period, especially in premature babies followed up under mechanical ventilation support. Here, a premature patient who received no invasive mechanical ventilation support and was diagnosed with localized PIA that recovered with conservative treatment is presented

Akut romatizmal ateş profilaksisinde üç haftada bir yapılan benzatin penisilinin koruyuculuk değeri

Bu çalışma Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı'nda, 23 tanesi 1994-1995 ve 51 tanesi 1990-1994 yıllan arasında kliniğimizce tanı konup halen izlenmekte olan toplam 74 hasta üzerinde yapıldı. Çalışmaya akut romatizmal ateş nedeniyle 3 haftada bir 1,200,000 Ünite intramuskuler benzatin penisilin G kullanan hastalar alındı. Vakaların 31 (% 41.9)'i kız, 43 (% 58.1)'ü erkek idi. Yaşlan 6-18 (ortalama 12±3) ve ağırlıkları 17-76 (ortalama 4 1 ± 1 2) kg arasında değişmekteydi. Vakalar klinik olarak akut romatizmal ateş atağı ve üst solunum yollan enfeksiyonu açısından takip edildiler. Ayrıca her hastada 7., 14. ve 21. günlerde "high performance liquid chromatography" analizi ile serum penisilin düzeyine bakıldı ve aynı günlerde boğaz kültürü alındı. Düzenli benzatin penisilin G yaptıran hastalar arasında akut romatizmal ateş atağı ve gerçek streptokoksik üst solunum yollan enfeksiyonu görülmedi. Boğaz kültüründe A grubu beta hemolitik streptokok üreyen 5 hasta ASO titresinde artış olmadığı için taşıyıcı kabul edildi. Ortalama serum penisilin seviyesi 7. gün 0.71 mcg/ml, 14. gün 0.36 mcg/ml ve 21. gün 0.15 mcg/ml idi. 21. gündeki serum penisilin seviyesi 62 hastanın 10 tanesinde (% 16.1) 0.01 mcg/ml'nin ve 12 tanesinde (% 19.3) 0.03 mcg/ml'nin altında idi. Buna göre, akut romatizmal ateş ve romatizmal kalp hastalığı profılaksisinde 3 hafta ara ile yapılan benzatin penisilin G'nin, serum konsantrasyonu vakaların bir kısmında 21. günde 0.01 mcg/ml'nin altına düşmekle birlikte, akut romatizmal ateş ataklarını ve A grubu beta hemolitik streptokok enfeksiyonlarını önlemede etkili ve yeterli olduğu kanaatine varılmıştır.In this study 74 patients with acute rheumatic fever diagnosis, of whom 23 were diagnosed in 1994-1995 and the others in 1990-1994, were included. Those taking intramusculary 1,200,000 U benzathine penicillin G injection at 3-weeks intervals were accepted to the study. Of patients, 31 (41.9%) were female, and 43 (58.1%) were male. Their ages and weights were between 6-18 (12±3) and 17-76 (41+12) kgs respectively. The cases were clinically followed up for rheumatic attack and upper respiratory tract infection with group A beta hemolytic streptococi. Serum penicillin levels were determined by means of high performance liquid chromatography analysis and throat cultures were obtained at 7th, 14th, 21st days. Neither acute rheumatic fever attack nor true group A beta hemolytic streptococcal infection was observed in patients regularly taking intramusculary benzathine penicillin G injections. 5 patients who were positive for group A streptococci were accepted as carrier because of unrising ASO titers. Average serum penicillin level was 0.71 mcg/ml at 7th day, 0.36 mcg/ml at 14th day, and 0.15 mcg/ml at 21st day. Serum penicillin level at 21st day was below 0.01 mcg/ml in 10 (16.1%) and 12 (19.3%) of 62 patients. It's concluded that intramusculary benzathine penicillin G injection at 3-weeks intervals for acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease prophylaxis is sufficient and effective in preventing acute rheumatic fever attacks and group A beta hemolytic streptococcal infections although penicillin G serum concentrations of some patients were below 0.01 mcg/ml at 21st day

The effect of noise meters giving visual and auditory alarms used on reducing noise in neonatal intensive care unit

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the effect of the use of a noise meter emitting visual and auditory alarms on reducing noise. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in an experimental design in a hospital in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). In the study, a noise meter emitting visual and auditory alarms and a digital noise meter were placed in a room (group 1); whereas, in the other room, only a digital noise meter was placed (group 2). The noise meter emitting visual and auditory alarms was hung on the most visible wall in the room and thus visual and auditory alarms were provided to the staff members in the room. The digital noise meter was hidden behind a closet in the same area in both rooms. The noise levels of the rooms were measured via the digital noise meter in both rooms in a way that data would come in continuously for two weeks. Results: It was found that the total mean noise level in group 1 was significantly lower than group 2 for the two weeks (p0.05). Conclusion: The use of a noise meter emitting visual and auditory alarms might be effective in reducing noise in NICUs

Hypoglycaemic effect of Artemisia herba-alba in experimental hyperglycaemic rats

Artemisia herba-alba was investigated for its possible anti-diabetic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of 0.39 g/kg b.w. of the aqueous solution of Artemisia herba-alba exhibited a significant reduction in blood glucose content. The same effect was also seen after administration of repaglinide (1 mg/kg b.w.) and regular insulin (0.1 IU/kg b.w.). It was demonstrated that the antidiabetic effect of Artemisia herba-alba was similar to that of repaglinide and regular insulin. These results suggest that the Artemisia herba-alba possesses antidiabetic activity and is able to ameliorate biochemical damages in alloxan induced diabetes in rats

High flow nasal cannula versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure for primary respiratory support in preterm infants: A prospective randomized study

Objective b-This study compares high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) within the first hour of life as the primary respiratory support in neonates of ≤32 weeks of gestational age. Study Design b-This prospective, randomized study was conducted in infants with a gestational age of ≤32 weeks who had spontaneous respiration. HFNC or nCPAP was used as a first line respiratory support after admission to intensive care unit. Primary outcome was primary treatment failure. Secondary outcomes were duration of noninvasive respiratory support and oxygen treatment, maximum FiO 2level, length of hospital stay, intubation rate, rates of respiratory distress syndrome, pneumothorax, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Subgroup analysis was performed for infants ≤28 weeks of gestational age. Results b-We enrolled 107 infants, 53 in HFNC and 54 to nCPAP group. There was no difference in primary outcome between the two groups. There was no difference between the groups in aspect of secondary outcomes. Conclusion b-HFNC and nCPAP have no significant differences as a primary mode of respiratory support in preterm infants, in the time to wean off the devices and oxygen support, respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia incidence, hospitalization duration, and rates of complications of prematurity

Broad cerebral infarct in a term neonate

WOS: 000216262100007Neonatal cerebral infarct is a very rare entity and such infarcts could regress as a transient event or result in severe neurological injuries such as hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Here, we report a case of cerebral infarct in a term male infant presenting with convulsions within the first day of life. Difficulty at birthmight be one of the uncommon reasons of the infarcts. In this case, dystocia is supposed to be one of the associated events. The neurological deterioration was transient and no neurological deficit was noticed at 7 months after birth. The majority of neonates with large infarcts have a poor prognosis. Early imaging in this population may lead to prompt diagnosis, timely neuroprotection, rehabilitation, and improved outcome

The Effect of Noise Meters Giving Visual and Auditory Alarms Used on Reducing Noise in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the effect of the use of a noise meter emitting visual and auditory alarms on reducing noise