Development Of Dermanyssus Gallinae (acari: Dermanyssidae) At Different Temperatures

The development, viability, and life cycle parameters of Dermanyssus gallinae at five different temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C), and at relative humidity 70-85% were evaluated. Life cycle duration was 690.75 h (28 days) at 15 °C, 263.12 h (11 days) at 20 °C, 164.63 h (7 days) at 25 °C, 140.69 h (6 days) at 30 °C and 172.04 h (7 days) at 35 °C. The optimal development temperature for D. gallinae was 30 °C, with the greatest survival in all stages and the shortest development time. High mortality at 35 °C indicated that this temperature had adverse effects on development of D. gallinae, and that in field conditions D. gallinae populations may decrease or even disappear due to the negative impact of high temperature on development. There were no significant differences in the pre-oviposition period among the four temperatures 20-35 °C, indicating that temperature did not affect this part of the life cycle. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.1551-2127132Cameron, D., The northern fowl mite (Lyponyssus sylviarum C. & F., 1877) investigations at Macdonald College, Quebec, with a summary of previous work (1938) Can. J. Res. Sect. D, 16, pp. 230-254Entrekin, D.L., Oliver, J.H., Aggregation of the chicken mite, Dermanyssus gallinae (Acari: Dermanyssidae) (1982) J. Med. Entomol., 19, pp. 671-678Fonseca, F., 1938. Notas de Acarologia. Bol. Biol., 3, 132Hamann, W. 1990. Aspectos biológicos e de sensibilidade do Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778) e Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini e Fanzago 1877) frente a acaricidas fosforados, piretróides, e amidinas a nível de laboratório. Dissertação (Mestrado), Inst. de Biol. Univ. Fed. Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 84 ppHarrison, I.R., The biology of poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) and its control with contact and systemic insecticides. (1962) International Congress of Entomology, vol. 11, pp. 469-473. , Vienna, Austria, 1962 (Proceedings)Lancaster Jr., J.L., Meish, M.V., (1986) Arthropods in Livestock and Poultry Production, , Ellis Horwood, Chichester pp. 305Nordenfors, H., Hoglund, J., Uggla, A., Effects of temperature and humidity on oviposition, molting, and longevity of Dermanyssus gallinae (Acari: Dermanyssidae) (1999) J. Med. Entomol., 36, pp. 68-72Oliver Jr., J.H., Notes on reproductive behavior on Dermanyssidae (1966) J. Med. Entomol., 3, pp. 29-35Reis, J., Alguns parasitas de Gallus gallus (L.) verificados em São Paulo (1939) Arq. Inst. Biol. São Paulo, 10, pp. 147-153Sikes, R.K., Chamberlain, R.W., Laboratory observations on three species of bird mites (1954) J. Parasitol., 40, pp. 691-697Tucci, E.C., A laboratory method for the rearing of Dermanyssus gallinae (DeGeer, 1778) (Acari, Dermanyssidae) (1997) Arq. Inst. Biol. São Paulo, 64, pp. 1-4Tucci, E.C., Guimarães, J.H., Biologia de Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778) (Acari Dermanyssidae) (1998) Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet., 7, pp. 27-30Tucci, E.C., Bruno, T.V., Guimarães, J.H., Armadilha para amostragem de Dermanyssus gallinae (Acari Dermanyssidae) em aviários de postura comercial (1989) Arq. Inst. Biol. São Paulo, 56 (SUPPL), p. 114Tucci, E.C., Guimarães, J.H., Bruno, T.V., Gama, N.M.S.Q., Santos, A.M.M., Ocorrência de ácaros hematófagos em aviários de postura no Estado de São Paulo (1997) Brasil. Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet., 5, pp. 95-102Wisseman Jr., C.L., Sulkin, S.E., Observations on the laboratory care, life cycle, and hosts of the chicken mite, Dermanyssus gallinae (1947) Am. J. Trop. Med., 27, pp. 463-469Wood, H.P., 1917. The Chicken Mite, its Life History and Habits, vol. 553. U.S. Dep. Agric. Agric. Inf. Bull., pp. 1-1

Erratum To "development Of Dermanyssus Gallinae (acari: Dermanyssidae) At Different Temperatures" [vet. Parasitol. 155 (2008) 127-132] (doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.04.005)

[No abstract available]1563-436336

Chronic ethanol consumption induces cavernosal smooth muscle dysfunction in rats

CAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL E NÍVEL SUPERIORTo investigate the effects of chronic ethanol consumption on nitric oxide (NO)-mediated relaxation in rat cavernosal smooth muscle (CSM). METHODS Male wistar rats were divided into 2 groups: control and ethanol. CSM obtained from both groups were mounted in organ chambers for measurement of isometric tension. Contraction of the strips was induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS, 1-32 Hertz) and phenylephrine. We also evaluated the effect of ethanol consumption on the relaxation induced by acetylcholine (0.01-1000 mu mol L(-1)), sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.01-1000 mu mol L(-1)), or EFS (1-32 Hz) in strips precontracted with phenylephrine (10 mu mol L(-1)). Blood ethanol, serum testosterone levels, and basal nitrate generation were determined. Immunoexpression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) was also accessed. RESULTS Ethanol intake for 4 weeks significantly increased noradrenergic nerve-mediated contractions of CSM in response to EFS. The endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by acetylcholine decreased after the ethanol treatment. Ethanol consumption decreased serum testosterone levels but did not affect the nitrate levels on rat CSM. The mRNA and protein levels for eNOS and iNOS receptors were increased in CSM from ethanol-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS Ethanol consumption reduces endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by acetylcholine, but does not affect SNP or EFS-induced relaxation, suggesting that ethanol disrupts the endothelial function. Despite the overexpression of eNOS and iNOS in ethanol-treated rats, the impaired relaxation induced by acetylcholine may suggest that chronic ethanol consumption induces endothelial dysfunction. UROLOGY 74: 1250-1256, 200974612501256CAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL E NÍVEL SUPERIORCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL E NÍVEL SUPERIORsem informaçã

Cardiac morphofunctional characteristics of transgenic rats with overexpression of the bradykinin B1 receptor in the endothelium

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate whether endothelial overexpressing of the bradykinin B1 receptor could be associated with altered left ventricular and myocardial performance. METHODS: Echocardiography and hemodynamic were employed to assess left ventricular morphology and function in Sprague-Dawley transgenic rats overexpressing the endothelial bradykinin B1 receptor (Tie2B1 rats). The myocardial inotropism was evaluated on papillary muscles contradicting in vitro. RESULTS: In Tie2B1 animals, an enlarged left ventricular cavity and lower fractional shortening coupled with a lower rate of pressure change values indicated depressed left ventricular performance. Papillary muscle mechanics revealed that both Tie2B1 and wild-type rat groups had the same contractile capacities under basal conditions; however, in transgenic animals, there was accentuated inotropism due to post-pause potentiation. Following treatment with the Arg(9)-BK agonist, Tie2B1 papillary muscles displayed a reduction in myocardial inotropism. CONCLUSIONS: Endothelial B1 receptor overexpression has expanded the LV cavity and worsened its function. There was an exacerbated response of papillary muscle in vitro to a prolonged resting pause, and the use of a B1 receptor agonist impairs myocardial inotropism

Influência da precipitação na qualidade da água do Rio Purus Impacts of precipitation on the water quality of the Purus River

Os impactos da precipitação na qualidade da água ao longo do rio Purus, localizado no estado do Amazonas, foi investigado por meio de dados de precipitação, estimada por satélites, e informações sobre a temperatura da água, condutividade, pH, turbidez, oxigênio dissolvido e sólidos suspensos totais, adquiridas em quatro diferentes áreas ao longo do rio. Os resultados mostraram correlação negativa entre precipitação e turbidez e positiva entre precipitação e temperatura, condutividade, oxigênio dissolvido, sólidos suspensos totais e pH. O uso do solo, juntamente com o regime de precipitação, parecem ser os fatores principais que determinam a qualidade da água nos pontos de amostragem.<br>The impacts of precipitation on the water quality along the Purus River, located in the Brazilian State of the Amazonas, was investigated using data of precipitation estimated by satellite and information about water temperature, conductivity, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and total suspended solids. The data were acquired in four different areas along the river. The results showed negative correlation between precipitation and turbidity. They also showed positive correlation between precipitation and temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids and pH. The land use together with the rainfall regime seems to be the main sources of impact on the water quality around the sampling places

Toxicological effects and resistance to pyrethroids in Boophilus microplus from Goiás, Brazil Efeitos toxicológicos e resistência a piretróides em Boophilus microplus de Goiás

In order to monitor the susceptibility of Boophilus microplus to acaricides and improve control measures, the effects of cypermethrin, deltamethrin and permethrin on larvae obtained in the city of Goiânia in the Brazilian state of Goiás were studied. Although these pyrethroids are already sold as acaricides, their cost-benefit efficiency has been questioned. Fasting 14-21 day-old larvae were immersed in solutions of the acaricides under test, maintained at 27±1° C, and relative humidity over 80%, and observed under the stereoscope within an apparatus originally designed for studying the non-parasitic phase of the tick life cycle. The observed toxicological effects were: excitability, repetitive motion, decreased motor ability, detachment, paralysis, knock-down and cuticular proliferation of liquids and gases. The materials used in the manufacture of this apparatus consisted of disposable Petri dishes, "organza" cloth and paraffin, none of which are toxic to tick larvae. Mean death rates after 24h were 76.3%, 87.5%, 77.6%, 91.2%, 86.2% and 100% for 25 and 50ppm deltamethrin, 150 and 300ppm cypermethrin and 1250 and 2500ppm permethrin, respectively. The ticks were resistant to commercial concentrations of deltamethrin and cypermethrin. Only 2500ppm permethrin produced the mortality recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture.<br>Estudaram-se os efeitos de cipermetrina, deltametrina e permetrina sobre larvas de uma cepa de campo de Goiânia, com o objetivo de monitorar a susceptibilidade de Boophilus microplus para esses acaricidas e fomentar medidas de controle. Larvas em jejum com 14 a 21 dias, imersas em soluções desses piretróides, foram mantidas a 27±1°C e UR% > ou = 80% e observadas por 24h ao estereoscópio, contidas em dispositivo desenvolvido originalmente para estudos da fase não parasitária do ciclo evolutivo. O material utilizado em sua confecção, placa de petri descartável, tecido organza e parafina, não foi tóxico para as larvas. Os seguintes efeitos toxicológicos foram observados: excitabilidade, movimentação repetitiva, diminuição da capacidade locomotora, desprendimento, paralisia, knock-down e proliferação cuticular de líquidos e gases. A mortalidade média na 24ªh foi de 76,3%, 87,5%, 77,6%, 91,2%, 86,20%, e 100,0%, respectivamente, para deltametrina 25ppm e 50ppm, cipermetrina 150ppm e 300ppm e permetrina 1250ppm e 2500ppm. O ixodídeo foi resistente às concentrações comerciais de deltametrina e cipermetrina. Apenas permetrina 2500ppm provocou índice de mortalidade superior ao valor recomendado pelo Ministério da Agricultura para acaricidas