Análises de fluorescência e consumo de água em Brachiaria decumbens após aplicação de herbicidas em pós-emergência

A análise da fluorescência da clorofila vem sendo largamente utilizada no entendimento dos mecanismos da fotossíntese propriamente dito, bem como na avaliação da capacidade fotossintética alterada com a aplicação de herbicidas. O consumo de água pelas plantas é uma maneira também de avaliar a atuação dos herbicidas nas plantas daninhas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a fluorescência através da taxa de transporte de elétrons, consumo de água e fitointoxicação de Brachiaria decumbens após aplicação de quatro herbicidas de diferentes mecanismos de ação. Aos 30 dias após a semeadura de B. decumbens, as plantas foram arrancadas dos tubetes e preparadas para os tratamentos. Elas tiveram o sistema radicular colocado em tubos falcon preenchidos com água, e a superfície dos falcon foi isolada com papel-alumínio, para evitar evaporação do sistema. Os herbicidas aplicados foram: glyphosate, haloxyfop-methyl, diuron e amicarbazone. A aplicação foi feita com um pulverizador estacionário instalado em laboratório; após a aplicação dos tratamentos, as plantas foram mantidas em casa de vegetação. Foi avaliada a taxa de transporte de elétrons (ETR), o consumo de água e a fitointoxicação das plantas em vários períodos após o início do experimento. Os dados de ETR e fitointoxicação foram expressos em porcentagem da testemunha e submetidos à análise de variância e à comparação das médias. Para o consumo de água, os dados foram acumulados e ajustados por modelos de regressão. Assim, pode-se dizer que as plantas de B. decumbens tiveram respostas diferentes aos herbicidas aplicados, e o consumo de água das plantas está relacionado diretamente com o transporte de elétrons. A metodologia fundamentada no fluorômetro mostrou-se adequada para verificar a intoxicação antecipada em B. de cumbens submetidas ao amicarbazone e diuron antes mesmo da verificação visual de intoxicação.Analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence has been widely used in the attempt to understand the mechanisms of photosynthesis itself, and to evaluate the changes in photosynthetic capacity, with herbicide application. Water consumption by plants is also a form of evaluating the action of herbicides on weeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate fluorescence through electron transport rate, water consumption, and phytotoxicity on Brachiaria decumbens after application of four herbicides, based on different mechanisms of action. B. decumbens plants were removed from the tubes at 30 days after seeding and prepared for the treatments. Their roots were placed in falcon tubes filled with water, and their surfaces were insulated with alu minum paper to avoid water evaporation from the system. The herbicides used were: glyphosate, haloxyfop-methyl, diuron, and amicarbazone. Treatments were applied using a stationary sprayer installed in the laboratory, and the plants were kept under greenhouse conditions, after appli cation. Electron transport rate (ETR), water consumption and plant phytotoxicity were evaluated at various periods after the start of the experiment. ETR and phytotoxicity data were expressed as percentage of control and subjected to analysis of variance and comparison of means. The water consumption data were accumulated and adjusted for regression models. The plants of B. decumbens had different responses to the herbicides applied and water consumption by the plants is directly related to electron transport. The methodology based on fluorometer proved to be adequate to verify early intoxication in B. decumbens submitted to amicarbazone and diuron, even before the visual determination of intoxication

Sensitivities of Urochloa decumbens Plants to Glufosinate

<div><p>ABSTRACT: This study aimed to assess the response of Urochloa decumbens plants to different doses of glufosinate ammonium, and the sensitivity of plant population to the herbicide. Two studies were conducted, both in greenhouse and repeated at different times. In the dose-response analysis, two experiments were conducted using seven doses of the glufosinate ammonium (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1,600 g a.i. ha-1) with four replications each. In the analysis of sensitivity levels of U. decumbens to herbicide, 44 plants were sprayed with a dose of 200 g a.i. ha-1 of the herbicide. Tissue ammonium content was determined, and injury percentage was visually assessed. Experiment data were converted to mg of ammonium per kg-1 of fresh mass and submitted to analysis of variance, and treatment means were compared by t test (p?0.10). Control of Urochloa decumbens plants by glufosinate might be associated with plant tissue ammonia content, which increased as a function of herbicide application, but not linearly as a function of dose rate. Variability existed in the ammonium content among the individuals of the population of U. decumbens.</p></div