<Notes>Clay Mineral Compositions of the Soils and Subtrata of Some Quaternary Outcrops in the Saraburi and Lop Buri Area of the Central Plain of Thailand

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First microbiota assessments of children's paddling pool waters evaluated using 16S rRNA gene-based metagenome analysis

SummaryInsufficient chloric sterilization of children's paddling pool waters increases the risk of diarrheal illness. Therefore, we investigated the microbiota changes after children use pools. First, we applied 16S rRNA gene-based metagenome analysis to understand the dynamics of microbiota in pool water, especially with respect to the bio-contamination by potential pathogens. Proteobacteria were major taxa detected in every pool water sample after children spent time in the pool. In more detail, Gammaproteobacteria comprised the dominant class, which was followed by Betaproteobacteria. Five phyla, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Deinococcus-Thermus phyla were minor groups. The pool water microbiota are likely to be a consortium of intestinal and skin microbiota from humans. Interestingly, the ratio of Gammaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria differed according to the age of the children who used the pool, which means the pool water was additionally contaminated by soil microbiota as a result of the children's behavior. Furthermore, potential pathogens, such as Campylobacter spp., Comamonas testosteroni and Burkholderia pseudomallei, were also found. Considering the standard plate counts, the abundances of these human pathogens are unlikely to be a sufficiently infectious dose. We suggest the importance of sanitary measures in paddling pool waters to reduce bio-contamination from both humans and the environment

[23-1]English Summaries of the Papers Contributed to Tonan Ajia Kenkyu (The Southeast Asian Studies) Vol.23, No.3 (Special Issue for Don Daeng : An Integrated Village Study in Northeast Thailand)

Tonan Ajia Kenkyu (The Southeast Asian Studies) = 東南アジア研究 (Japanese Journal of Southeast Asian Studies)[1]EDITOR'S NOTE … Hayao FUKUI[2]A Brief Look at the Village … Yoshihiro Kaida, Masuo Kuchiba[3]Typology of Rice Cultivation … Shuichi MIYAGAWA, Toshiro KURODA, Hiroyuki MATSUFUJI, Tomoo HATTORI[4]Instability of Rice culture … Yoshihiro KAIDA, Kazutoshi HOSHIKAWA, Yasuyuki KOHNO[5]POPULATION (I) … Hayao FUKUI[6]The Process of Emigration in Search of Good Land to Mo Nua Village, Udonthani Province … Yukio HAYASHI[7]An Economic Analysis of Endogenous Rural Economic Evolution and its Policy Implications … Hiroshi Tsujii[8]Kin Relationships and Kin Cooperation for Farming and Consumption … Masuo KUCHIBA, Takahiro TAKEMURA[9]Daily Activity Survey (1) … Satoshi KOIKE, Shinji SUWA, Haruo NOMA[10]Sharing of Merit and the Associated Social Relationships of Funeral Rites … Yukio HAYASHI[11]AN OVERVIEW ON NATURE, AGRICULTURE AND ECONOMY … Hayao FUKU

京都市近郊の水田土壌の鉱物学的研究(農芸化学部門)

京都市近郊の水田土壌の鉱物学的研究を行ないその結果より, 土壌母材と鉱物組織との関係, 土壌生成作用と鉱物の風化過程との関係, 土壌の生産力と鉱物組成との関係について考察を加え, 次のような結果をえた。土壌の鉱物組成は母材との関係は認めうるが土壌型とは関係がなかった。すべての土壌がイライト, 非膨脹型14A鉱物およびハロイサイトを含み, 量的には母材によって変っていた。京都北部山間部の水田にはアロフェンやモンモリロナイトを含むものもある。非膨脹型14A鉱物は二八面体のバーミキュライトの層格子間にギブサイト様水酸化アルミニウム層をはさんだ鉱物であった。供試土壌では母材の不均一性のためまた水田化されて以来の経過年次が短かく明らかでないため, 土壌断面における鉱物組成の変化がわずかで土壌生成作用と鉱物の風化過程を明確には推察しえなかった。しかしはげしい風化を受けている土壌にあっては粘土鉱物の退化, 破壊が表層で起っていることを認めた。The mineralogical studies of paddy soils near Kyoto City were made and the relationships between the mineral weathering and soil forming processes and also those between the soil productivity and mineralogical compositions of soils are discussed. The results obtained indicate that the mineralogical compositions of soils are related to the parent materials and not to the soil types. All soils contain illite, non-expanding 14A mineral and halloysite, but the quantities vary according to the origns of parent materials. And the clay contain dominantly montmorillonite and allophane respectively in Soil A and B taken from the mountainous area in the northern part of Kyoto. Non-expanding 14A mineral may be dioctahedral vermiculite which sandwiches gibbsite layer between the layer lattices and chlorite. The mineral weathering processes in sample soils cannot be inferred from variations in mineralogical composition of profile samples, because of the considerable differences of parent materials even in a profile as well as the ambiguity of the elapsed years after the land reclamation to the paddy fields

京都府丹後地方および愛知県三河地方の森林土壌の鉱物学的研究(農芸化学部門)

京都府丹後地方の酸性褐色森林土地帯と愛知県三河地方の赤黄色土地帯に分布する種々母材を異にする土壌の鉱物学的研究を行ない。次の結果を得た。これらの2つの土壌生成作用に伴つて起こる粘土の風化生成過程には著しい相違は両者の間に認められず, 現気候条件下で安定と思われる風化最終産物はハロイサイト, ギブサイトであつた。しかし現在土壌中にみられる粘土鉱物は母材および土壌生成作用を受けた時間により差異があることを明らかにした。The mineralogical studies of the forest soils in Tango of Kyoto Prefecture and in Mikawa of Aichi Prefecture, which are developed on the various rocks under the climatic conditions of the formation of brown forest soil and red yellow soil, were performed. The petrographic methods were applied for the studies of sand fractions and the X-ray diffraction procedure, the differential thermal analysis and the other methods for sand and clay fractions. The results were summerized as follows. The sand fractions were containing the considerable amount of clay minerals in Tango soils, but the small amount in Mikawa soils except in the serpentine soil. The species of clay minerals in sand fractions were resemble to the ones in clay fractions. The various clay mineral species were detected in the clay fractions due to the variations of par ent material and the differences of soil age. But it was considered that there were no marked differences on the processes of clay formation occured during the forming processes of brown forest soil in Tango and red yellow soil in Mikawa, and the most stable weathering products were halloysite and gibbsite under present climatic conditions