DRUG-INDUCED NEPHROPATHY IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS WITH BURDENED ALLERGIC HISTORY

112 tuberculosis patients with burdened allergic history were examined with the purpose to study clinical and laboratory manifestations of drug-induced nephropathy, they made main group and 157 patients without allergy made control group. Drug-induced renal lesion in tuberculosis patients with multiple allergies can be manifested in various ways: from microhematuria, minor eosinophilia and cutaneous allergic syndrome to major disorders of nitrogenous excretion, filtration and resorption function of kidneys leading to the development of acute and in some cases chronic renal failure. Laboratory rates reflecting renal function returned to normal later after recovery from other drug-induced complications not related to kidneys. Rifampicin was responsible for the development of nephropathy in the majority of patients, and in single cases it was streptomycin

Management of civil position’s formation of the student youth

© 2016, Econjournals. All rights reserved.The relevance of the study is reasoned by the change in relations between the state and civil society in the context of consolidation of many countries’ and communities’ efforts in the fight against terrorism. Modern society demands the training of specialists taking active part in the life activities of civil society. The article aims to find out the specifics of management of civil position’s formation of student youth. The leading approach to the study is a system approach, allowing considering of the management of civil position’s formation as a purposeful process. The article reveals the essence of civil positions; clarifies the managerial features of the civil position’s formation of student youth: The development of knowledge about civil society, rights, freedoms and responsibilities of citizens and the involvement of students on the rights of the entities in legal, moral and political, socio-economic relations for the development of civic actions’ ways, experience’s obtaining to form civil position and emotional-valuable attitude to it. The paper submissions can be useful for managers and teachers of educational institutions; employees of the centers for advanced training and retraining of personnel in the selection and structuring of the content for the training of scientific and pedagogical staff

EFFECTS OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL NEUROTHERAPY IN REGULATION IMMUNE RESPONSE COMBINED WITH STANDARD ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUG THERAPY IN ACUTE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

The aim of this study was to assess optimizing effects of antistress neurotechnologies on the clinical course of acute pulmonary tuberculosis. The study was performed in three steps: upon admission before treatment, followed by repeated examination at 2 and 4 months. The patients before study were divided into the two groups: (1) 33 patients received standard antituberculosis drug therapy (SDT) and (2) 35 cases after standard antituberculosis drug therapy accompanied by neurothechnological anti-stress therapy (NAT). Patients from the NAT group received a regular audio-visual-vibrotactile stimulation as additional therapy (2 to 3 30-min sessions per week during 4 months). By the time of hospitalization, the groups did not differ in their general immune state. The percentages of CD3+ , CD4+ , CD8+ , CD16+ , CD19+ as well as indexes of phagocyte activity showed some changes after 2 and 4 months of therapy. The patients from both groups before treatment exhibited lymphocytosis, decreased phagocyte activity, when compared to healthy individuals. By the end of therapy (4 months), the patients from the NAT group showed increased phagocytosis by monocytes (p < 0.01) and granulocytes (p < 0.05) which approached values of healthy control. The study demonstrated also that efficiency of combined therapy was higher in the NAT vs. SDT group: closure of lung destruction cavities was observed in 90.5% of patients from the NAT group vs 45% of patients from the STD group. The results present evidence for combined implementation of neurothechnological anti-stress therapies as a supplementary method for the standard specific drug therapy in primary infiltrative lung tuberculosis

АЛГОРИТМ ПОДБОРА ТЕХНИКИ ДЛЯ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ОПЕРАЦИЙ В РАСТЕНИЕВОДСТВЕ

When selecting machinery to perform technological operations in crop production, it is necessary to take many factors into account. With the aim in mind, the algorithm «AGROTECH» is developed to accompany machine agrotechnologies for the production of crop stuffs (by the example of spring wheat cultivation) on the level of argicultural enterprise. The algorithm «AGROTECH-1» provides for the following: inlet initial data (information about field – type of predecessor; area of the field; type of technological operation; agrotechnical dates; fuel and lubrication stock (FLS) costs; social demographic factor – demand for high qualified farm machine operators; class and payment rate for the operator (number of working hours per shift). Formation of the optimal machine and tractor fleet under individual production and farming conditions of farm commodity producers is carried out by selecting machinery on the basis of information analysis for three parameters; number of working days required for the job (in rational agrotechnical dates); minimal fuel and lubrication stock consumption; economic costs including depreciation, repairing costs, technical service expenses; FLS costs; job payment fund. Recommendations to set up the optimal machine and tractor fleet (MTF) for a separate operation are designed based on considering individual production and farming conditions of a farm commodity producer; machinery available on the farm, new generation machinery employed on the farm, and social demographic factor (high qualified personnel supply). The «Algorithm-1» adaptation to a certain farm is resolved by using the database that has the information about machinery, operations performed and about economic indexes, such as balance cost for machinery, depreciation percentage, and payment rate for farm workers and farm machine operators for the farm concerned. To set up and edit attributive data bases the algorithm «Editor» is designed. The algorithms have block structure, which makes it easier to develop software aimed at its updating and unifying as well as at introducing additional functions.При подборе техники для выполнения технологических операций в растениеводстве необходимо учитывать множество факторов. С этой целью разработан алгоритм «АГРОТЕХ-1» для сопровождения машинных агротехнологий производства продукции растениеводства (на примере возделывания яровой пшеницы) на уровне сельскохозяйственного предприятия. В  алгоритме «АГРОТЕХ-1» предусмотрено следующее: ввод исходных данных (информация о  поле  – тип предшественника; площадь поля; вид технологической операции; агротехнические сроки; стоимость горючесмазочных материалов (ГСМ); социально-демографический фактор – потребность в квалифицированных механизаторах; разряд и ставка механизаторов; количество часов в смену. Алгоритм «АГРОТЕХ-1» позволяет осуществлять рациональный подбор техники, используя машинно-тракторный парк (МТП), имеющийся в хозяйстве, а также высокопроизводительную технику нового поколения для технологических операций. Это позволяет значительно улучшить качество работы агронома и повысить точность принимаемых им решений. Рациональный подбор техники осуществляется на основе анализа информации по трем параметрам: количеству дней, необходимых для работы (в рациональные агротехнические сроки); минимальному расходу ГСМ; экономическим затратам, включая амортизацию, стоимость ремонта, технического обслуживания и ГСМ, фонд заработной платы. Рекомендации по формированию рационального со- става МТП выводятся на основе учета индивидуальных производственно-хозяйственных условий сельхозтоваропроизводителя; имеющейся в  хозяйстве техники и  использования техники нового поколения и социально-демографического фактора (обеспеченности квалифицированными кадрами). Адаптация алгоритма «АГРОТЕХ-1» осуществляется путем подключения базы данных, сформированной для машинно-тракторного парка конкретного хозяйства и содержит информацию о технике, выполняемых операциях, об экономических показателях, таких как балансовая стоимость техники, процент амортизации, ставки рабочих и механизаторов и т. д. Для создания и редактирования атрибутивных баз данных разработан алгоритм «Редактор»

МЕДИКО-СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ФАКТОРЫ НЕБЛАГОПОЛУЧИЯ БОЛЬНЫХ С СОЧЕТАННОЙ ИНФЕКЦИЕЙ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗ И ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИЯ В НОВОСИБИРСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ И Г. НОВОСИБИРСКЕ

The article presents medical and social parameters of TB/HIV co-infection in the patients living in Novosibirsk Region and the city of Novosibirsk. It is necessary to find some ways to enhance the poor patients' adherence to examinations and treatment on the inter-disciplinary level.Представлены медико-социальные характеристики сочетанной инфекции – туберкулеза и ВИЧ-инфекции у пациентов, проживающих в Новосибирской области и г. Новосибирске. Низкая приверженность пациентов обследованию, лечению, независимо от места проживания, требует поиска путей ее повышения на междисциплинарном уровне

ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ЛОКАЛЬНЫХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ БРОНХИАЛЬНОГО ДЕРЕВА В КОМПЛЕКСНОМ ОБСЛЕДОВАНИИ БОЛЬНЫХ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗОМ ЛЕГКИХ

The difficulties in the interpretation of identified during bronchoscopy local bronchi alterations in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis make this problem of current interest. The comprehensive survey of 287 patients revealed the specific origin of local alterations of bronchial tree in 50% of patients with destruc-tive pulmonary tuberculosis and with bacterioexcretionТрудности в интерпретации выявленных при бронхоскопии локальных изменений бронхов у больных туберкулезом легких делают эту проблему во фтизиатрии актуальной. Комплексное обследование 379 пациентов выявило специфическую природу локальных изменений бронхиального дерева в 50% слу-чаев у больных деструктивными формами туберкулеза легких с наличием бактериовыделени

Сравнительный анализ эффективности и безопасности различных схем противотуберкулезной терапии больных с МЛУ/ШЛУ-туберкулезом

The objective: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various anti-tuberculosis therapy regimens for multiple drug resistant (MDR) and extensive drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in the intensive phase of treatment lasting for 8 months minimum.Subjects and Methods. A single-center cohort prospective-retrospective clinical study was conducted, which included 166 patients aged 18 to 70 years with active pulmonary tuberculosis and proven MDR of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, who received chemotherapy according to regimens IV and V. The treatment regimen of patients in Group I (n = 96) included modern anti-tuberculosis drugs (TBdrugs) – bedaquiline, linezolid, respiratory fluoroquinolone (levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin), cycloserine, pyrazinamide, and perchlozone at a dose of 8-10 mg/kg, 1 time per day after meals during the intensive phase of treatment, that was at least 8 months. Patients from Group II (n = 70) received a respiratory fluoroquinolone (levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin), aminoglycoside (amikacin), cycloserine, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, and prothionamide.Results. After 3 months of treatment, symptoms of intoxication disappeared in 22 (81.5%) patients in Group I, and only 41 (61.2%) in Group II (p = 0.04; TTF). In patients of Group I versus Group II, the body temperature returned to normal within a shorter time: 2.8 and 4.3 weeks, respectively (p < 0.05). By the end of the intensive phase of treatment (8 months), sputum conversion confirmed by culture was observed more often in patients of Group I compared to Group II (85 and 80%, pχ2 = 0.003). Adverse events (AE) caused by TB drugs in Group I were observed significantly more often versus Group II: gastroenterological adverse events (pχ2 = 0.05), cardiac adverse events (pTTP = 0.05), and endocrinological adverse events (pTTP = 0.05). Neurotoxic AEs tended to develop more often in Group I (pTTP = 0.06). Ototoxic AEs were more frequently observed in Group II where the treatment regimens included aminoglycosides (pχ2 = 0.05). To maintain adequate chemotherapy regimens IV or V over long-term treatment, MDR tuberculosis patients need continuous monitoring of AEs, intravenous administration of two or three TB drugs, and timely therapy to manage manifestations of AEs.Цель: оценить эффективность и безопасность различных схем противотуберкулезной терапии туберкулеза легких с множественной (МЛУ) и широкой лекарственной устойчивостью в интенсивной фазе лечения, проводимой не менее 8 мес.Материалы и методы. Выполнено одноцентровое когортное проспективно-ретроспективное клиническое исследование, в которое включено 166 пациентов от 18 до 70 лет с активным туберкулезом легких с доказанной МЛУ микобактерий туберкулеза, получавших химиотерапию по IV, V режимам. Схема лечения пациентов I группы (n = 96) включала современные противотуберкулезные препараты (ПТП) ‒ бедаквилин, линезолид, респираторный фторхинолон (левофлоксацин, моксифлоксацин, спарфлоксацин), циклосерин, пиразинамид, а также перхлозон в дозе 8-10 мг/кг, 1 раз в сутки после еды в течение интенсивной фазы лечения, то есть не менее 8 мес. Пациенты II группы (n = 70) получали респираторный фторхинолон (левофлоксацин, моксифлоксацин, спарфлоксацин), аминогликозид (амикацин), циклосерин, пиразинамид, этамбутол, протионамид.Результаты. Через 3 мес. лечения симптомы интоксикации исчезли у 22 (81,5%) больных I группы и лишь у 41 (61,2%) – II группы (p = 0,04; ТТФ). У пациентов I группы по сравнению со II группой отмечена нормализация температуры тела в более короткие сроки: 2,8 и 4,3 нед. соответственно (p < 0,05). К окончанию интенсивной фазы лечения (8 мес.) прекращение бактериовыделения, подтвержденное культуральными методами, определялось чаще у больных I группы в сравнении со II группой (85 и 80%, pχ2 = 0,003). Нежелательные реакции (НР) на ПТП в I группе наблюдались значимо чаще, чем во IIгруппе: гастроэнтерологические НР (pχ2 = 0,05), кардиологические НР (pТТФ = 0,05), эндокринологические НР (pТТФ =0,05).Наблюдали тенденцию к более частой встречаемости нейротоксических НР в I группе (pТТФ = 0,06). Ототоксические НР чаще наблюдались в группе II, где в режимах лечения были аминогликозиды (pχ2 = 0,05). Для сохранения адекватного IV или Vрежима химиотерапии на протяжении длительного курса больным МЛУ-туберкулезом необходимы непрерывный мониторинг НР, назначение двух или трех ПТП внутривенно и своевременное проведение терапии по ликвидации проявлений НР

Prevention of HIV and Associated Infections among Adolescents and Young People at High Risk of Infection : Methodology Guide

Methodology Guide on Prevention of HIV and Associated Infections among Adolescents and Young People at High Risk of Infection was prepared as part of project “Building capacity in prevention of HIV and associated infections among youth at high risk in the Northern Dimension area” (cf. www.ndphs.org/?database,view,project,1467) co-funded by the European Union. The project was implemented from September 1, 2013 to August 31, 2015 by the project consortium led by Secretariat of the Northern Dimension Partnership in Public Health and Social Well-being (NDPHS) and including also Regional NGO “Stellit”, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kaliningrad Regional Non-governmental Youth Organisation “Young Leaders Army” (YLA), Social AIDS Committee and Baltic HIV Association. The Methodology Guide contains overview of theories applicable for addressing the priorities of HIV and associated infections prevention among adolescents and young people at high risk of infection, theories which might be used to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention programs. It provides the results of assessment of needs of children and young people at high risk of infection in prevention programs, overview of prevention programs implemented in Russia, Latvia, Poland, Finland and Germany which might be recommended to be spread to other countries of the NDPHS and examples of tool which might be used in prevention work. The Methodology Guide might be useful for authorities, representatives of governmental organizations, NGOs, international organizations, public health specialists and other experts involved into HIV and associated infections prevention among children and young people. The Methodology Guide is available for downloading at: http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2015102715069. Other methodological materials produced within the project can be downloaded at: https://www.thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/about-us/organisation/departments-and-units/administration-and-development/planning/international-affairs-unit/projects

The role of the gut microbiota in the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus

At the beginning of the XXI century, with the advent of technical capabilities and new methods of genes sequencing, the attention of researchers to the study of the human metagenome has significantly increased. The interaction between changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the gut microbiota (GM) and various diseases is being actively studied, a search for specific metabolites and genes of microorganisms that may be associated with the development, in particular, of immune-mediated diseases is underway. In recent years, a lot of new data have been published on the possible contribution of gut flora dysbiosis to the development of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), while the first assumptions were put forward as far back as 1970s. The search for pathogenetic mechanisms of GM influence on the development and progression of T1DM is becoming an increasingly relevant objective, since in recent years the incidence of T1DM is rapidly increasing, which is a serious health problem throughout the world.This review discusses the current ideas about the role of GM in the immunopathogenesis of T1DM, new data on the near-term prospects in the study of the human macrogenome, current ideas about the role of GM in the immunopathogenesis of T1DM, and the possibility of applying this knowledge by the practitioner