9,022 research outputs found
Dissociating task difficulty from incongruence in face-voice emotion integration
In the everyday environment, affective information is conveyed by both the face and the voice. Studies have demonstrated that a concurrently presented voice can alter the way that an emotional face expression is perceived, and vice versa, leading to emotional conflict if the information in the two modalities is mismatched. Additionally, evidence suggests that incongruence of emotional valence activates cerebral networks involved in conflict monitoring and resolution. However, it is currently unclear whether this is due to task difficulty—that incongruent stimuli are harder to categorize—or simply to the detection of mismatching information in the two modalities. The aim of the present fMRI study was to examine the neurophysiological correlates of processing incongruent emotional information, independent of task difficulty. Subjects were scanned while judging the emotion of face-voice affective stimuli. Both the face and voice were parametrically morphed between anger and happiness and then paired in all audiovisual combinations, resulting in stimuli each defined by two separate values: the degree of incongruence between the face and voice, and the degree of clarity of the combined face-voice information. Due to the specific morphing procedure utilized, we hypothesized that the clarity value, rather than incongruence value, would better reflect task difficulty. Behavioral data revealed that participants integrated face and voice affective information, and that the clarity, as opposed to incongruence value correlated with categorization difficulty. Cerebrally, incongruence was more associated with activity in the superior temporal region, which emerged after task difficulty had been accounted for. Overall, our results suggest that activation in the superior temporal region in response to incongruent information cannot be explained simply by task difficulty, and may rather be due to detection of mismatching information between the two modalities
Microscopic Theory of Current-Spin Interaction in Ferromagnets
Interplay between magnetization dynamics and electric current in a conducting
ferromagnet is theoretically studied based on a microscopic model calculation.
First, the effects of the current on magnetization dynamics (spin torques) are
studied with special attention to the "dissipative" torques arising from
spin-relaxation processes of conduction electrons. Next, an analysis is given
of the "spin motive force", namely, a spin-dependent 'voltage' generation due
to magnetization dynamics, which is the reaction to spin torques. Finally, an
attempt is presented of a unified description of these effects.Comment: Written in December 2008, published in July 200
Polyhedral vesicles
Polyhedral vesicles with a large bending modulus of the membrane such as the
gel phase lipid membrane were studied using a Brownian dynamics simulation. The
vesicles exhibit various polyhedral morphologies such as tetrahedron and cube
shapes. We clarified two types of line defects on the edges of the polyhedrons:
cracks of both monolayers at the spontaneous curvature of monolayer , and a crack of the inner monolayer at . Around the
latter defect, the inner monolayer curves positively. Our results suggested
that the polyhedral morphology is controlled by .Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
The Nuclear Activity of the Galaxies in the Hickson Compact Groups
In order to investigate the nuclear activity of galaxies residing in compact
groups of galaxies, we present results of our optical spectroscopic program
made at Okayama Astrophysical Observatory. We have performed optical
spectroscopy of 69 galaxies which belong to 31 Hickson Compact Groups (HCGs) of
Galaxies. Among them, three galaxies have discordant redshifts. Further,
spectral quality is too poor to classify other three galaxies. Therefore, we
describe our results for the remaining 63 galaxies.
Our main results are summarized below. (1) We have found in our sample; 28
AGN, 16 HII nuclei, and 19 normal galaxies which show no emission line. We used
this HCG sample for statistical analyses. (2) Comparing the frequency
distributions of activity types between the HCGs and the field galaxies whose
data are taken from Ho, Filippenko, & Sargent (382 field galaxies), we find
that the frequency of HII nuclei in the HCGs is significantly less than that in
the field. However, this difference may be due to selection bias that our HCG
sample contains more early-type galaxies than the field, because it is known
that HII nuclei are rarer in early-type galaxies than in later ones. (3)
Applying correction this morphological bias to the HCG sample, we find that
there is no statistically significant difference in the frequency of occurrence
of emission-line galaxies between the HCGs and the field. This implies that the
dense galaxy environment in the HCGs does not affect triggering both the AGN
activity and the nuclear starburst. We discuss some implications on the nuclear
activity in the HCG galaxies.Comment: 33 pages (3 aasms4 LaTeX files), 5 figures (5 Postscript files:
excluded Figure 1), Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journa
Evaluating capacity development for participatory forest management in Bangladesh's Sal forests based on '4Rs' stakeholder analysis
ArticleForest Policy and Economics.8(8): 785-796 (2006)journal articl
Two kinds of “space weathering process” on the surface of asteroid Itokawa.
第3回極域科学シンポジウム/第35回南極隕石シンポジウム 11月30日(金) 国立国語研究所 2階講
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Sterelithography of Ceramics
For studies of Stereolithography of Ceramics (SOC), a composite has been produced by
mixing ceramic powder with a photosensitive resin. To obtain high load of ceramics a
lamination preprocess was used. Then, the produced ceramic-binder films have been laminated
and selectively cured in a Stereolithography machine. After cleaning, the green bodies were
fired to burn out the binder and afterwards sintered to achieve full strength.Mechanical Engineerin
Robustly Unstable Eigenmodes of the Magnetoshearing Instability in Accretion Disk
The stability of nonaxisymmetric perturbations in differentially rotating
astrophysical accretion disks is analyzed by fully incorporating the properties
of shear flows. We verify the presence of discrete unstable eigenmodes with
complex and pure imaginary eigenvalues, without any artificial disk edge
boundaries, unlike Ogilvie & Pringle(1996)'s claim. By developing the
mathematical theory of a non-self-adjoint system, we investigate the nonlocal
behavior of eigenmodes in the vicinity of Alfven singularities at
omega_D=omega_A, where omega_D is the Doppler-shifted wave frequency and
omega_A=k_// v_A is the Alfven frequency. The structure of the spectrum of
discrete eigenmodes is discussed and the magnetic field and wavenumber
dependence of the growth rate are obtained. Exponentially growing modes are
present even in a region where the local dispersion relation theory claims to
have stable eigenvalues. The velocity field created by an eigenmode is
obtained, which explains the anomalous angular momentum transport in the
nonlinear stage of this stability.Comment: 11pages, 11figures, to be published in ApJ. For associated eps files,
see http://dino.ph.utexas.edu/~knoguchi
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