ENERGY TRANSPORT AND POTENTIAL OF AN ABANDONED MINE

Abstract: In the "70s an important copper ore mine was implemented in Recsk, Northern Hungary. Unfortunately as soon as the use of the roadways were finished the activities were suspended, because the decreasing price of the copper on the international market. The mine then was abandoned the roadways and the shafts were flooded by mine water. The abandoned mine has a substantial geothermal potential. The terrestrial heat flow is anomalously high: 0.108 W/m 2 , the temperature is 59.5 0 C at the lower level in the depth of 1160 m. The heat transfer surface is more than 150,000m 2 . Using a heat pump this potential is suitable for heating of the nearby area

Scalable microstructured semiconductor THz pulse sources

In recent years several microstructured lithium niobate THz pulse source were suggested for high-energy applications. Two types of those, the reflective and the transmissive nonlinear slab are adopted here for semiconductors. These new sources are scalable both in THz energy and size. Furthermore, they can outperform the already demonstrated contact grating source in diffraction and THz generation efficiency. Compared to the lithium niobate sources, they are more feasible, thanks to the easier manufacturing and the longer pump wavelength. They can produce intense, nearly single-cycle THz pulses at higher frequencies. With 20 mJ pumping at 1.8 μm wavelength, 45 μJ THz energy, and 17 MV/cm focused peak electric field can be expected at 3 THz phase matching frequency from the transmissive nonlinear echelon slab setup consisting of a 4 mm thick structured plan-parallel gallium phosphide crystal

Multidisciplinary management of acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic had a major impact on most medical services. Our aim was to assess the outcome of acute cholecystitis during the nationwide lockdown period. All patients admitted to our emergency department for AC were analysed. Patient characteristics, performance status, AC severity, treatment modality and outcome of AC were assessed during the lockdown period (Period II: 1 April 2020–30 November 2021) and compared to a historical control period (Period I: 1 May 2017–31 December 2018). AC admissions increased by 72.8% in Period II. Patients were younger (70 vs. 74 years, p = 0.017) and greater in number in the CCI 1 group (20.4% vs. 11.2%, p = 0.043) in Period II. The unplanned readmission rate (6.3 vs. 0%, p = 0.004) and the gallbladder perforation (GP) rate was higher (18.0 vs. 7.3%, p = 0.006) in Period II. Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) was more frequent (24.1 vs. 12.8%, p = 0.012) in Period II. In addition to a drop in patient age and CCI, a significant rise in the prevalence of acute cholecystitis, GP and unplanned readmissions was observed during the nationwide lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. PTGBD was more frequent during this period, whereas successful conservative treatment was less frequent

Térfogatalapú haemostasistartalékok vérmentes májtranszplantációk során = Volume-based haemostasis reserves in blood product free liver transplantations

Absztrakt: Bevezetés: A májtranszplantáció során a haemostasis a hagyományos alvadásifaktor-szintekkel és a viszkoelasztikus tesztekkel monitorizálható, nem szokványos megközelítése a coagulatiósfaktor-specifikus vérveszteség dinamikus követése. Célkitűzés: Kutatásunk célja az alvadásifaktor-specifikus vérveszteség alapján kiszámolt térfogati tartalékok vizsgálata, a vér- és faktorkészítmény-mentes májtranszplantáció első 48 órájában a Child–Pugh-score tükrében is. Módszer: 59, vér- és faktorkészítményt nem igénylő, májtranszplantált beteg hagyományos alvadásifaktor-szintjeit, viszkoelasztikus paramétereit és faktorspecifikus vérveszteségeit elemeztük Gross-metódus segítségével, kiindulási és „coagulopathiás” triggerszintek alapján. A haemostasistartalékokat Child–Pugh-osztályozás szerint is összehasonlítottuk. A hagyományos laboratóriumi vizsgálatok és a faktorspecifikus térfogati tartalékok kiszámítása a májtranszplantáció előtt (T1), végén (T2) és 12–24–48 órával utána (T3–T4–T5) történt. A viszkoelasztikus tesztek eredményeit a májtranszplantáció előtt (T1) és végén (T2) rögzítettük. Eredmények: A műtét végére az alapszintről a fibrinogén 1,2 g/l-rel, míg a protrombin és az V-ös, a VII-es és a X-es faktor 26–40%-kal csökkent. A posztoperatív időszakban a fibrinogénszint 0,9 g/l-rel (T2–T4, p<0,001), míg a II-es, az V-ös, a VII-es és a X-es faktor szintje 12–30%-kal emelkedett (T3–T5, p<0,001). A viszkoelasztikus tesztek paraméterei a normáltartományban maradtak a műtét végén is (T1–T2). A haemostasis-össztartalék 61%-os csökkenést mutatott az operáció végére (p<0,001), azonban a posztoperatív második napra elérte a kiindulási érték 88%-át. A kiindulási tartalékok a Child–Pugh A csoporthoz viszonyítva a dekompenzált Child–Pugh B és C csoportnál 36–41%-kal alacsonyabbak voltak, a 48. órára azonban a különbség már nem volt szignifikáns. Következtetés: A haemostasis térfogatalapú megközelítése kiegészíti a hagyományos laboratóriumi vizsgálatokat és a viszkoelasztikus teszteket, mivel dinamikusan jelzi a haemostasis aktuális tartalékát faktoronként, és a „leggyengébb láncszemet” mutatja meg a rendszerben. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(7): 252–262. | Abstract: Introduction: During liver transplantation, haemostasis is typically assessed by means of standard laboratory tests and viscoelastic tests, while dynamic monitoring of coagulation factor specific blood losses is an unusual, yet established approach. Aim: Our aim was to evaluate the volume-based haemostasis reserves in blood product free liver transplants in the first perioperative 48 hours, in association with the Child–Pugh score. Method: Data of 59 blood product free liver transplanted patients’ coagulation factor levels, viscoelastic parameters and coagulation factor specific blood losses according to Gross methodological, baseline and ‘coagulopathic’ trigger levels were analysed. The haemostasis reserves were estimated according to the Child–Pugh classification. Laboratory tests and the calculation of haemostasis reserves were carried out before liver transplantation (T1), at the end of the surgery (T2) and also 12–24–48 hours postoperatively (T3–T4–T5). The viscoelastic tests were performed before liver transplantation (T1) and at the end of the surgery (T2). Results: Fibrinogen levels decreased by 1.2 g/L. Factor II, V, VII, X levels decreased by 26–40%. From T2 to T4, fibrinogen increased by 0.9 ± 0.6 g/L over 24 h (p<0.001). Factor II, V, VII, X levels increased by 12–30% between T3 to T5 (p<0.001). The viscoelastic parameters remained in the normal range during liver transplantation (T1–T2). Haemostasis reserves decreased by 61% at the end of surgery (p<0.001), but reached 88% of the preoperative value on the second postoperative day. The initial reserves of Child B and C groups were 36–41% lower than Child A, nevertheless, these differences were not significant at 48 hours. Conclusion: The volume-based haemostasis approach supplements the standard laboratory and viscoelastic tests. This unusual approach dynamically indicates the actual reserve of haemostasis and shows the ‘weakest link’ within the system. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(7): 252–262