32 research outputs found

    Reliability analysis of moment redistribution in reinforced concrete beams

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    Design codes allow a limited amount of moment redistribution in continuous reinforced concrete beams and often make use of lower bound values in the procedure for estimating the moment redistribution factors. Here, based on the concept of demand and capacity rotation, and by means of Monte Carlo simulation, a probabilistic model is derived for the evaluation of moment redistribution factors. Results show that in all considered cases, the evaluated mean and nominal values of moment redistribution factor are greater than the values provided by the ACI code. On the other hand, the 5th percentile value of moment redistribution factor could be lower than those specified by the code. Although the reduction of strength limit state reliability index attributable to uncertainty in moment redistribution factors is not large, it is comparable to the reduction in reliability index resulting from increasing the ratio of live to dead load

    Formy 偶elaza i pierwiastk贸w 艣ladowych w silnie kwa艣nych glebach bielicowych G贸r Izerskich

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    Forms of Fe, Pb, Zn and Cu were determined by the means of sequential extraction in podzol profiles developed from granitogneiss in the Izerskie Mountains. Seven metal fractions were separated. Organic matter supply to soil profile was found to be a crucial factor determining the total concentration of lead in soil horizons. The main forms of copper and zinc were the ones occluded in Fe oxides and their total concentration increased with the depth within the soils profiles, which proved the considerable mobility of these elements. The results obtained from the study show that the total amount of trace elements in soil genetic horizons depends on the weathering process of primary and secondary soil minerals, organic matter input as well as the airborne contaminants, and their distribution in soil profile is modified by strongly acidic soil reaction

    Profile variability of cadmium content in the Sudety mountains forest soils

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    Calkowita zawartosc oraz profilowe rozmieszczenie wybranych mikroelementow w glebach brunatnych kwasnych na terenie lasow regla dolnego w Karkonoszach

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    Badaniami obj臋to 6 profili glebowych wytworzonych z granit贸w w sta艂ych punktach badawczych na terenie Karkonoskiego Parku Narodowego. Powierzchnie badawcze s膮 zlokalizowane na obszarze wyst臋powania las贸w regla dolnego (600-700 m n.p.m.) pod potencjalnymi zbiorowiskami kwa艣nej buczyny sudeckiej, natomiast zbiorowiska rzeczywiste zast臋pcze zr贸偶nicowane s膮 zale偶nie od dominuj膮cego gatunku drzew. W analizowanych glebach oznaczono ca艂kowit膮 zawarto艣膰 oraz profilowe rozmieszczenie miedzi, cynku i niklu metod膮 absorpcyjnej spektrometrii atomowej (ASA) po mineralizacji w st臋偶onym kwasie nadchlorowym. W badanych glebach le艣nych wytworzonych z granit贸w na teranie Karkonoszy stwierdzono podwy偶szon膮 zawarto艣膰 miedzi w poziomach organicznych, co zwi膮zane jest z procesem naturalnej bioakumulacji. Zawarto艣膰 cynku i niklu jest zbli偶ona do zawarto艣ci podawanych w glebach le艣nych teren贸w g贸rskich. Mimo podwy偶szonej zawarto艣ci miedzi i cynku, szczeg贸lnie w poziomach organicznych badanych gleb, nie stwierdzono oznak proces贸w degradacji 艣rodowiska glebowego w postaci kumulacji pierwiastk贸w 艣ladowych.Total content of copper, zinc and nickel and their distribution in soil profiles were analysed in forest soils developed from granite rocks on the area of Karkonosze Mountains (600-700 m altitude). Cu and Zn are apparently accumulated in humus horizons and their accumulation is mostly connected with the presence of organic matter. The content of copper in examinated acid brown soils decreased with the depth of the profile. The total contents of zinc and nickel were lower and equal to natural contents of these elements in mountain forest soils. No symptoms of soil degradation by Cu, Zn and Ni concentration were found in examined soils

    Forms and dynamics of cadmium in polluted soils as resulted from pot experiment

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    Nickel fractions in soils developed from different parrent rocks in Poland and Syria

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