Rotating Starburst Cores in Massive Galaxies at z = 2.5

We present spatially resolved ALMA observations of the CO J=3-2 emission line in two massive galaxies at z=2.5 on the star-forming main sequence. Both galaxies have compact dusty star-forming cores with effective radii of Re=1.3 kpc and Re=1.2 kpc in the 870 um continuum emission. The spatial extent of star-forming molecular gas is also compact with Re=1.9 kpc and Re=2.3 kpc, but more extended than the dust emission. Interpreting the observed position-velocity diagrams with dynamical models, we find the starburst cores to be rotation-dominated with the ratio of the maximum rotation velocity to the local velocity dispersion of v/sigma=7.0 (v=386 km/s) and v/sigma_0=4.1 (v=391 km/s). Given that the descendants of these massive galaxies in the local universe are likely ellipticals with v/sigma nearly an order of magnitude lower, the rapidly rotating galaxies would lose significant net angular momentum in the intervening time. The comparisons among dynamical, stellar, gas, and dust mass suggest that the starburst CO-to-H2 conversion factor of alpha_CO=0.8 Msun/(K km/s/pc2) is appropriate in the spatially resolved cores. The dense cores are likely to be formed in extreme environments similar to the central regions of local ultraluminous infrared galaxies. Our work also demonstrates that a combination of medium-resolution CO and high-resolution dust continuum observations is a powerful tool for characterizing the dynamical state of molecular gas in distant galaxies.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in ApJ Letter

BULGE-FORMING GALAXIES with AN EXTENDED ROTATING DISK at z ∼ 2

We present 0".2-resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations at 870 um for 25 Halpha-seleced star-forming galaxies (SFGs) around the main-sequence at z=2.2-2.5. We detect significant 870 um continuum emission in 16 (64%) of these SFGs. The high-resolution maps reveal that the dust emission is mostly radiated from a single region close to the galaxy center. Exploiting the visibility data taken over a wide $uv$ distance range, we measure the half-light radii of the rest-frame far-infrared emission for the best sample of 12 massive galaxies with logM*>11. We find nine galaxies to be associated with extremely compact dust emission with R_{1/2,870um}<1.5 kpc, which is more than a factor of 2 smaller than their rest-optical sizes, R_{1/2,1.6um}=3.2 kpc, and is comparable with optical sizes of massive quiescent galaxies at similar redshifts. As they have an exponential disk with Sersic index of n=1.2 in the rest-optical, they are likely to be in the transition phase from extended disks to compact spheroids. Given their high star formation rate surface densities within the central 1 kpc of Sigma SFR1kpc=40 Msol/yr/kpc^2, the intense circumnuclear starbursts can rapidly build up a central bulge with Sigma M*1kpc>1e10 Msol/kpc^2 in several hundred Myr, i.e. by z~2. Moreover, ionized gas kinematics reveal that they are rotation-supported with an angular momentum as large as that of typical SFGs at z=1-3. Our results suggest bulges are commonly formed in extended rotating disks by internal processes, not involving major mergers.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in Ap

Particle-Induced X-ray Emission Analysis of Serum Trace and Major Elements in Cattle with Acute Coliform Mastitis

The aim of the present study was to examine the applicability of the direct determination of trace and major element concentrations in serum samples collected from Holstein dairy cattle with acute coliform mastitis (n = 53) compared with a healthy control group (n = 39). Twenty-eight elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ce, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, and Pb) were detected by particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Significant differences were observed in serum K, Fe, Zn, and Br concentrations, but not in those of the remaining twenty-four elements. Furthermore, serum Fe concentrations (0.751 ± 0.583 μg/ml, n = 18) were significantly lower in dairy cattle with a poor prognosis than in those with a good prognosis (0.945 ± 0.393 μg/ml, n = 35, P < 0.05) and healthy controls (1.458 ± 0.391 μg/ml, n = 39, P < 0.01). We proposed a diagnostic cut-off point for serum Fe concentrations of <0.82 μg/ml based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in order to identify cattle with a poor prognosis. The results of the present study indicated that assessing the elemental composition of serum, particularly iron, is a promising prognostic tool for determining the outcomes of cattle with severe acute coliform mastitis

Particle-Induced X-ray Emission Analysis of Serum Trace and Major Elements in Cattle with Acute Coliform Mastitis

The aim of the present study was to examine the applicability of the direct determination of trace and major element concentrations in serum samples collected from Holstein dairy cattle with acute coliform mastitis (n = 53) compared with a healthy control group (n = 39). Twenty-eight elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ce, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, and Pb) were detected by particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Significant differences were observed in serum K, Fe, Zn, and Br concentrations, but not in those of the remaining twenty-four elements. Furthermore, serum Fe concentrations (0.751 ± 0.583 μg/ml, n = 18) were significantly lower in dairy cattle with a poor prognosis than in those with a good prognosis (0.945 ± 0.393 μg/ml, n = 35, P < 0.05) and healthy controls (1.458 ± 0.391 μg/ml, n = 39, P < 0.01). We proposed a diagnostic cut-off point for serum Fe concentrations of <0.82 μg/ml based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in order to identify cattle with a poor prognosis. The results of the present study indicated that assessing the elemental composition of serum, particularly iron, is a promising prognostic tool for determining the outcomes of cattle with severe acute coliform mastitis

Aerosol-Assisted Synthesis of Thiol-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Spheres with Fe(3)O(4) Nanoparticles

Thiol-functionalized mesoporous silica spheres having Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles are fabricated in one-pot by aerosol-assisted synthesis. A TEM image shows that Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles are successfully embedded within the mesoporous silica spheres. SEM images and SAXS profiles reveals that the encapsulating Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles do not affect the ordering of a mesoporous structure. The spherical morphologies are also well retained. The presence of cage-type mesopores with uniform size is confirmed by N(2) adsorption-desorption isotherms and TEM observations. The spray-dried thiol-functionalized particles with Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles effectively adsorb mercury (II) ions due to their strong interaction to thiol groups embedded in the framework. The particles with the amount of Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles (3.5 wt%) show a saturated magnetization (over 1.0 emu/g). This magnetic property is useful for practical collection with magnet