styles of Turkish basketball referees

Purpose of this study was to externally validate and test a conceptual transient model involving six paths that linked sources of acute stress to avoidance and approach coping styles among Turkish basketball referees. The sample consisted of 125 Turkish basketball referees ranging in age from 18 to 36 years (mean=25.58. sigma=3.69). The path analysis tested the relationships simultaneously from stressors, in consecutive order, distractions, subpar performance and verbal abuse, to coping styles, first both avoidance-cognitive and approach-cognitive, and then approach-behaviour. Results indicated that the model achieved a good fit and that all paths tested simultaneously were significant. The distractions stressor was positively related to subpar performance, which, in turn, was positively related to verbal abuse. Verbal abuse was negatively associated with an avoidance-cognitive coping style and positively related to the approach-cognitive coping style. The results also supported a crossover effect of both avoidance-cognitive and approach-cognitive on approach-behaviour. One implication of this study is that coping should be studied in naturally occurring stages, a process-oriented approach. Another implication is that approach and avoidance coping styles, each sub-divided into cognitive and behavioural categories, provide a meaningful framework which provides sports officials a coherent structure for learning and improving ways to cope with acute stress experienced during the contest

Adopsi Inovasi Probiotik pada Kolam Dempond Pendederan Ikan Mas (Cyprinus Carpio) di Kelompok “Mina Pojok Jaya” Kecamatan Subang

Budidaya ikan mas merupakan salah satu kegiatan unggulan perikanan di Kecamatan Subang. Produksi budidaya tersebut dapat ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan probiotik. Penyuluhan merupakan cara dalam rangka untuk menginformasikan teknologi baru seperti probiotik sehingga sasaran dapat mengadopsi teknologi baru tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) Melakukan penyuluhan dan mengevaluasi kemampuan adopsi inovasi teknologi probiotik pada pendederan ikan mas, (2) membandingkan tingkat produksi pendederan ikan mas menggunakan probiotik dan pendederan ikan mas tanpa menggunakan probiotik. Penelitian adopsi inovasi ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Subang, kelurahan Sukamelang dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 10 orang yang ada di Kelompok Mina Pojok Jaya. Penelitian adopsi inovasi ini menggunakan perlakuan probiotik atau suplemen, yaitu probiotik viterna plus yang diaplikasikan di dalam pakan untuk diberikan pada ikan mas sebagai suplemen penambah nafsu makan ikan sehingga dapat mempercepat pertumbuhan ikan mas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan adopsi inovasi ini dapat meningkatkan produksi pembudidaya dengan jumlah tebar yang sama yaitu 1.000.000 ekor larva memiliki jumlah produksi yang berbeda yaitu yang menggunakan probiotik yaitu menghasilkan produksi sebanyak 2.000 kg sedangkan yang tidak menggunakan probiotik produksi yang dihasilkan hanya 1.500 kg. Terdapat 40% dari jumlah sasaran yang sudah mulai menerapkan inovasi yang telah diberikan pada minggu terakhir kegiatan dempond dilakukan

The love of money is the root of all evil: Pay satisfaction and cpi as moderators

By incorporating pay satisfaction at Level 1 and Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) at Level 2, we investigated the relationship between the love of money and self-reported corrupt intent among 6,382 managers in 31 geopolitical entities across six continents. Our significant cross-level three-way interaction effect showed that for managers with high pay satisfaction, the intensity (slope) of the love of money to corrupt intent relationship was almost identical in high or low CPI entities but the former had the lowest magnitude of corrupt intent, whereas the latter had the highest. For those with low pay satisfaction, the slope was the steepest in high CPI entities, but was flat in the low CPI entities and the difference between the two was significant