Evaluation of the Medical Assistance to Patients with Arterial Hypertension in Four Urban Áreas

Foundation: improving the quality of assistance is a challenge for all in charge of providing health services. It is no enough to know what happens but also to modify unsatisfactory results. Objective: to evaluate the quality of the medical assistance which patients with hypertension receive by means of the program observance in four health areas during 2013. Methods: a research of the health systems and services was done, using a two stage conglomerate sample. The variables studied were related to the coverage and quality of human resources, the availability of material resources, the compliance of the main activities set for the process of assistance. Various instruments approved by experts were applied to hypertensive population. More than 85 % of clinical records were audited. For collecting and analyzing data statistic packages Access 2000 and SPSS 15, 0 were used. Results: the evaluation of structure, process and results dimensions was not satisfactory in the studies area, because the proposed standards were not achieved. Conclusion: the assistance received by these patients is not appropriate since there were difficulties in the program compliance, which influenced in the quality provided

Hipertensión arterial en el cuerpo de guardia de un policlínico principal de urgencia

Se realizó un análisis acerca del motivo de consulta, las causas del control inadecuado, el horario en que son atendidos estos pacientes, y se encontró que un alto porcentaje tiene un mal seguimiento al "controlar" su enfermedad en estas instituciones. Alrededor del 30 % de nuestra población urbana sufre de hipertensión arterial, y aunque el programa para el control diagnóstico y evaluación para esta enfermedad ha abarcado casi en su totalidad su manejo desde la atención primaria, poco se ha escrito acerca del comportamiento de esta entidad y la atención a estos pacientes en los cuerpos de guardia de este nivel de atención. A las consultas de cuerpo de guardia asiste un alto número de pacientes a quienes se les constatan cifras de tensión arterial, y alrededor del 50 % de estos se encuentra hipertenso.<br>An analysis was made on the cheif complaint, the causes of inadequate control, and the hours during which these patients receive attention. It was found that a high percentage of patients had a poor follow-up of their diseases at these institutions. At about 30 % of our urban population suffer from arterial hypertension and eventhough the program for the diagnostic control and evaluation of this disease has comprised almost the totality of its management, including primary attention, a little has been written about the behavior of this entitity and the attention of these patients at the emergency departments corresponding to this health care level. A lot of patients go to the emergency departments to have their arterial pressure checked and approximately 50 % of them are hypertensives

Gaps in the Management of Type 2 Diabetic Patients in a Metropolitan Area of Havana

Foundation: there are flaws in diabetic patient management this makes it difficult to develop intervention strategies to improve the quality of their medical care. Objective: to identify the main gaps which affected the comprehensive management of diabetic people, in a metropolitan area of Havana during 2016. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive investigation was carried out. Sample selection was made by bi periodic conglomerate sampling, it consisted of 580 people, to whom an instrument made for this purpose was applied. Number variables were presented with central tendency and dispersion measures. Categorical variables were shown as frequencies and percentages. Results: 96.4 % of the interviewees needed medical attention in the last year. Out of them, 90.5 % attended primary health care. There were difficulties with attention due to organizational problems and lack of resources, although 85 % of the patients were satisfied with the received care. The main gap was follow-up, with only 69.7 % of the patients consulted in the last year. 68.3 % have indicated pharmacological treatment, and of these 77.5 % is adhered to according to the Morinsky test 83.4 % had their blood glucose levels checked. Conclusions: gaps related to health services access are a direct consequence of the instability of health personnel. This affects the patient control due to noncompliance in the schedule and periodicity of follow-up medical consultations

Evaluation of the Medical Assistance to Patients with Arterial Hypertension in Four Urban Áreas

Foundation: improving the quality of assistance is a challenge for all in charge of providing health services. It is no enough to know what happens but also to modify unsatisfactory results. Objective: to evaluate the quality of the medical assistance which patients with hypertension receive by means of the program observance in four health areas during 2013. Methods: a research of the health systems and services was done, using a two stage conglomerate sample. The variables studied were related to the coverage and quality of human resources, the availability of material resources, the compliance of the main activities set for the process of assistance. Various instruments approved by experts were applied to hypertensive population. More than 85 % of clinical records were audited. For collecting and analyzing data statistic packages Access 2000 and SPSS 15, 0 were used. Results: the evaluation of structure, process and results dimensions was not satisfactory in the studies area, because the proposed standards were not achieved. Conclusion: the assistance received by these patients is not appropriate since there were difficulties in the program compliance, which influenced in the quality provided

Gaps in the Management of Hypertensive Patients in a Metropolitan Area of Havana

Foundation: knowing and facing the difficulties which appear during the control of the hypertensive patient is a challenge for every health system. Objective: to identify the gaps in the management of hypertensive people in a metropolitan area of Havana. Method: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted between February and June 2016 at the Nguyen Van Troi Polyclinic, in Centro Habana. Out of the total of 18 year-old or older 4480 people, who were identified as hypertensive, a sample of 531 was selected by means of a two-stage cluster sampling, studying 521. They were applied a semi-structured interview and blood pressure measurement, documents of the area were reviewed to identify other gaps. The variables analyzed in the study were: socio-demographic, access to health services, diagnosis and care, monitoring and control treatment. The numerical variables were presented with measures of central tendency and dispersion. Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages. Results: a 92.3 % of the interviewees said they felt the need for care in the last year, of these, 80.7 % had access to health services. 98.1 % had indicated pharmacological treatment, with diuretics being the most used with 61 %. 50.7 % have adherence to treatment according to the Morisky test. 24.2 % were not seen by their doctor in the last year, the main reason was the no programming or appointment to consultation. 56.6 % had their blood pressure figures controlled. Conclusions: access gaps were linked to the lack of attention seeking despite perceiving the need. Poor follow-up and low therapeutic adherences in hypertensive people were the principles that supported the high percentage of individuals with uncontrolled blood pressure figures

Intervención cognitivo-conductual en ancianos hipertensos

Fundamento: las enfermedades asociadas al envejecimiento poblacional afectan la morbilidad y la mortalidad de las poblaciones, lo cual hace necesario trazar estrategias de intervención encaminadas a prevenirlas y/o minimizar sus consecuencias. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de una intervención cognitiva-conductual aplicada a los ancianos hipertensos en el nivel primario de atención de los municipios de Cárdenas y Santiago de Cuba, durante 2011-2013. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de intervención, con los ancianos hipertensos en dos municipios del país: Santiago de Cuba y Cárdenas. Se tomó como grupo de intervención 399 ancianos de las áreas Carlos Juan Finlay y Héroes del Moncada y como grupo de control 377 ancianos de las áreas Julián Grimau y José Antonio Echeverría. La intervención consistió en aplicar una estrategia sistemática para fomentar el conocimiento de la enfermedad para modificar los estilos de vida. Resultados: el grupo de intervención presentó mayor número de pacientes con conocimientos suficientes de la enfermedad (OR: 1,82), mayor control de la hipertensión (OR: 1,51) y mejor adherencia al tratamiento (OR: 1,70). Modelando las variables explicativas con el control de la hipertensión arterial, resultaron factores protectores para la salud: pertenecer al grupo de intervención (OR: 0,695) y tener adherencia al tratamiento (OR: 0,543). Conclusión: la intervención congnitivo-conductual aplicada a los ancianos en el primer nivel de atención de los municipios estudiados fue efectiva para mejorar el control de la hipertensión arterial, especialmente porque generó una mayor adherencia al tratamiento

Intervención cognitivo-conductual en ancianos hipertensos

<strong>Fundamento:</strong> las enfermedades asociadas al envejecimiento poblacional afectan la morbilidad y la mortalidad de las poblaciones, lo cual hace necesario trazar estrategias de intervención encaminadas a prevenirlas y/o minimizar sus consecuencias. <br /><strong>Objetivo:</strong> evaluar la efectividad de una intervención cognitiva-conductual aplicada a los ancianos hipertensos en el nivel primario de atención de los municipios de Cárdenas y Santiago de Cuba, durante 2011-2013. <strong><br />Métodos:</strong> se realizó un estudio de intervención, con los ancianos hipertensos en dos municipios del país: Santiago de Cuba y Cárdenas. Se tomó como grupo de intervención 399 ancianos de las áreas Carlos Juan Finlay y Héroes del Moncada y como grupo de control 377 ancianos de las áreas Julián Grimau y José Antonio Echeverría. La intervención consistió en aplicar una estrategia sistemática para fomentar el conocimiento de la enfermedad para modificar los estilos de vida. <strong><br />Resultados:</strong> el grupo de intervención presentó mayor número de pacientes con conocimientos suficientes de la enfermedad (OR: 1,82), mayor control de la hipertensión (OR: 1,51) y mejor adherencia al tratamiento (OR: 1,70). Modelando las variables explicativas con el control de la hipertensión arterial, resultaron factores protectores para la salud: pertenecer al grupo de intervención (OR: 0,695) y tener adherencia al tratamiento (OR: 0,543). <strong><br />Conclusión:</strong> la intervención congnitivo-conductual aplicada a los ancianos en el primer nivel de atención de los municipios estudiados fue efectiva para mejorar el control de la hipertensión arterial, especialmente porque generó una mayor adherencia al tratamiento

Costo-efectividad del tratamiento antihipertensivo en pacientes de 2 áreas de salud del municipio de Santiago de Cuba en 2013

En 2013 se realizó un estudio de evaluación para determinar la eficiencia económica del tratamiento antihipertensivo en pacientes mayores de 15 años de uno u otro sexo, pertenecientes a 2 áreas de salud del municipio de Santiago de Cuba desde las perspectivas social e institucional. Mediante un muestreo no probabilístico se escogió una muestra de 700 integrantes y se estimaron los costos directos, indirectos y totales para cada alternativa terapéutica. La medida de efectividad se basó en las razones de costo - efectividad y efectividad incremental. Desde las mencionadas perspectivas, el costo promedio de la asistencia al paciente hipertenso en el Policlínico Universitario "Julián Grimau García" fue superior al del "Dr. Carlos J. Finlay", debido a que en el primero resultó más costosa la atención secundaria de salud en comparación con el segundo. En el área de salud "Julián Grimau García" se logró ser más eficientes en el control de la hipertensión arterial, tanto en los costos promedios como incrementales. La mayor efectividad compensó el costo adicional, principalmente desde el punto de vista instituciona

Intervención cognitivo-conductual en ancianos hipertensos

Background: aging-associated diseases contribute to morbidity and mortality in the population; therefore, it is necessary to develop intervention strategies to prevent and/or minimize their consequences. Objectives: to evaluate the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral intervention aimed at older hypertensive patients treated in primary care in Cardenas and Santiago de Cuba municipalities during 2011-2013. Methods: an intervention study of older adults with hypertension was conducted in two municipalities: Santiago de Cuba and Cardenas. The intervention group was composed of 399 older patients living in the catchment areas of the Carlos Juan Finlay and Heroes del Moncada polyclinics while the control group included 377 older adults served by the Julian Grimau and Jose Antonio Echeverria polyclinics. The intervention consisted of a systematic strategy to increase knowledge of the disease in order to change lifestyles. Results: in the intervention group, there were more patients with sufficient knowledge of the disease (OR: 1.82), greater control of hypertension (OR: 1.51) and better adherence to treatment (OR: 1.70). By modeling the explanatory variables with hypertension control, being in the intervention group (OR: 0.695) and adhering to treatment (OR: 0.543) were found to be health protective factors. Conclusion: the congnitive-behavioral intervention for older adults treated in primary care of the municipalities studied was effective in improving blood pressure control since it contributed to a greater adherence to treatment

Modelos de atención a pacientes con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en Cuba y el mundo Care patterns for patients with non-communicable chronic diseases in Cuba and in the world

Esta revisión tuvo como objetivo realizar un breve bosquejo acerca de cómo funciona el Modelo de Atención a Crónicos en el mundo, desarrollado por Edward Wagner, con sus diferentes variantes de atención a las enfermedades no transmisibles y sus semejanzas con el modelo cubano de la Atención Primaria de Salud, puesto que el uso de todos esos paradigmas pudiera servir como catalizador para un cambio futuro a escala global, teniendo en cuenta que comparten puntos de coincidencia.<br>This review aimed at making a brief outline on how the care pattern developed by Edward Wagner for chronic patients in the world is carried out. It contains different care variants for non communicable diseases and similarities to the Cuban pattern of Primary Health care, since all those paradigms could be used as a catalyst for a worldwide future change, keeping in mind that they share coincidence points