A comparative assessment of caries risk using cariogram among smokers and smokeless tobacco users in india – a cross-sectional study

Background: A dearth of literature exists concerning utilization of the unique cariogram model for caries risk assessment in tobacco users.Objective: To assess & compare caries risk among smokers & smokeless tobacco users using Cariogram model. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among smokers and smokeless tobacco users of Udaipur for 3 months. Caries risk assessment was done by employing a survey proforma based on the Cariogram model. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Chi-square test followed by Marascuilo procedure and Stepwise multiple linear regression with 95% confidence interval and 5% significance level. Results: Majority of the smokers (56%) portrayed high caries risk (less chance to avoid new caries) followed by smokeless Tobacco users (34%). Only 40% smokeless tobacco users had relatively high chances (>60%) of avoiding future new caries. The susceptibility sector of the cariogram model contributed primarily to caries risk in the study population. Conclusion: The study findings from the different cariogram elements converged to indicate that smokers were at maximum caries risk, followed by smokeless tobacco users and therefore Cariogram model could be a useful tool to represent caries risk among smokers and smokeless tobacco users. Keywords: Smokers, cariogram, smokeless tobacco, dental caries, sugar

A comparative assessment of caries risk using cariogram among smokers and smokeless tobacco users in india \u2013 a cross-sectional study

Background: A dearth of literature exists concerning utilization of the unique cariogram model for caries risk assessment in tobacco users. Objective: To assess & compare caries risk among smokers & smokeless tobacco users using Cariogram model. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among smokers and smokeless tobacco users of Udaipur for 3 months. Caries risk assessment was done by employing a survey proforma based on the Cariogram model. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Chi-square test followed by Marascuilo procedure and Stepwise multiple linear regression with 95% confidence interval and 5% significance level. Results: Majority of the smokers (56%) portrayed high caries risk (less chance to avoid new caries) followed by smokeless Tobacco users (34%). Only 40% smokeless tobacco users had relatively high chances (>60%) of avoiding future new caries. The susceptibility sector of the cariogram model contributed primarily to caries risk in the study population. Conclusion: The study findings from the different cariogram elements converged to indicate that smokers were at maximum caries risk, followed by smokeless tobacco users and therefore Cariogram model could be a useful tool to represent caries risk among smokers and smokeless tobacco users

Association of sugary foods and drinks consumption with behavioral risk and oral health status of 12- and 15-year-old Indian school children

Aim: This study aims to assess the association of sugary foods and drinks consumption with behavioral risk and oral health status of 12- and 15-year-old government school children in Udaipur. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among of 12- and 15-year-old government schoolchildren of Udaipur. A survey pro forma designed based on HBSC (Health behaviour in School-aged Children) study protocol and WHO Oral Health Assessment Form for Children (2013) was used. Chi-Square test, Independent Sample t-test, and Multinomial Logistic Regression analysis were used with 95% confidence interval and 5% significance level. Results: Out of 710 participants, 455 (64.1%) were males and 255 females (35.9%). Majority of 15 years age (57.3%) consumed more soft drinks than 12-year-old. Males showed a comparatively greater tendency to have sugar sweetened products than females. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) and DMFT scores were relatively higher for subjects who consumed sugary substances more than once/day than who had less than once/day. Gingivitis was associated with high sugar diet. Conclusion: Sugary foods and drinks consumption is significantly associated with behavioral habits of children and is a clear behavioral risk for oral health