Modulatory effect of Calendula officinalis on altered antioxidant status and renal parameters in diabetic rats

Calendula officinalis (Family Compositae) flowers are recognized as safe substance for food use by Food and Drug Administration. Present study was aimed to determine the modulatory effect of floral extracts of C. officinalis administrations on mean blood glucose (MBG), per cent glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile [(total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low and high density lipoproteins (LDL, HDL)], antioxidant and renal parameters in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Increased (P < 0.05) levels of MBG and HbA1c fraction indicate the induction of diabetes in rats. Enhanced (P < 0.05) TC, TG, LDL, total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and renal indices were observed in blood of diabetic rats. However, levels of HDL, protein profile, total antioxidant status (TAS), glutathione (GSH), total thiols (TTH) and activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) were significantly reduced in diabetic rats. Repeated administrations of ethanolic floral extract of C. officinalis reduced the enhanced levels of MBG, HbA1c and TC while restored OSI, TTH, GSH, CAT, SOD, GST and MDA levels; it also increased activities of G6PDH and GPx in diabetic rats compared to untreated diabetic rats. Hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, restored antioxidant level, and reduced altered renal functions by the floral extract of C. officinalis in diabetic rats. Further, the modulatory effect was better in aqueous as compared to ethanolic floral extract of C. officinalis

Polyphenolic constituents and antioxidant/antiradical activity in different extracts of Alstonia scholaris (Linn.)

Alstonia scholaris (Linn.) leaves extracted in aqueous, dichloromethane (DCM), methanolic and ethanolic solvents were assessed for different polyphenolic constituents endowed with antioxidant/antiradical activity. Total phenolic, flavonoids and tannin contents were significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher in ethanolic extract as compared to other extracts. The antiradical activity and efficiency was significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher in ethanolic extract followed by methanolic, DCM and aqueous extracts. The ethanolic extract as compared to other extracts also exhibited high total antioxidant capacity, superoxide and nitric oxide anion scavenging activity. However, aqueous extract has shown high hydroxyl radicals scavenging activity as compared to other extracts. Total phenolic content of the ethanolic extract of A. scholaris was positively correlated with total antioxidant capacity (r = 0.901), antiradical activity (r = 0.948) and antiradical efficiency (r = 0.891). Therefore, ethanolic extract showed maximum, contents endowed with high total antioxidant capacity, superoxide and nitric oxide radicals scavenging activity as compared to other solvents. Thus, the dietary supplementation of ethanolic extract may provide protection in preventing the free radicals induced damage besides improve the food quality by retarding oxidative degeneration of food lipids.Keywords: Total phenolics, antioxidant potential, free radicals, Alstonia scholari

Experimental study on the effect of vitamin C administration on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity in rats exposed to chlorpyriphos and lead acetate

Aim :To evaluate the effects of chlorpyriphos, lead acetate, vitamin C alone, and in combination on the activity of oxidative stress parameters in wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Rats of 150-200g body weight were divided into eight groups of six animals each and were subjected to various daily oral treatment regimes for 98 days. Group I served as control receiving only corn oil, group II received th chlorpyriphos @ 5.5 mg/ kg in corn oil, group III received lead acetate @100 ppm in water, whereas animals in group IV th received a combination of chlorpyriphos @ 5.5mg/kg in corn oil and lead acetate @ 100 ppm in water. Group V received th vitamin C @ 100mg/kg in water, group VI received a combination of chlorpyriphos @ 5.5mg/kg and vitamin C @ th th 100mg/kg , group VII received lead acetate @ 100 ppm in water and vitamin C @ 100mg/kg and group VIII received chlorpyriphos @ 5.5mg/kg , lead acetate @100ppm in water and vitamin C @ 100mg/kg. Results: Administration of both chlorpyriphos and lead acetate caused a significant decrease in oxidative stress parameters viz. blood glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) along with a significant increase in lipid peroxidation level when given alone or in combination. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that treatment of chlorpyriphos and lead treated rats with vitamin C significantly improved some of altered oxidative stress parameters revealing the protective effect of this vitamin C against oxidative stress induced by chlorpyriphos and lead. [Vet World 2013; 6(8.000): 461-466