Kłącze hermeneutyczne, czyli – nie wszystko musi być powiedziane

Recenzja książki Marka Bernackiego Hermeneutyka fenomenu istnienia. Studia o polskiej literaturze współczesnej (Vincenz, Miłosz, Wojtyła, Herbert, Szymborska), ATH, Bielsko-Biała 2010, ss. 39

„Tygodnik Powszechny” Jerzego Turowicza wobec literatury. Medium prawie doskonałe

Jerzy Turowicz’s “Tygodnik Powszechny” and literature. The almost perfect mediumThe subject of the discussion is Jerzy Turowicz’s attitude to the issues of literature (based on queries in the decades when he was the editor-in-chief of “TP”, i.e. in the 1945-1995 half-century). The special position occupied by the journal from Krakow on the map of the communist-era Polish press is stressed. Since its establishment, this journal enjoyed wide and long-time support from the professor communityof the Jagiellonian University, as well as other academies of Krakow. Assorted accounts from poets and prose authors, including Marek Skwarnicki, Jan Józef Szczepański, Jan Twardowski and others, were discussed. Attention was paid to Turowicz’s outstanding merits in discovering and advocating of literary talents (with an example of Father Jan Twardowski and Maria Jarczyńska-Bukowska). Turowicz seldom wrote on poets and poetry, but he continuously monitoredboth domestic and emigrationliterature on this subject. He also had an extraordinary aesthetic sense which allowed him to selecttalented poets as his collaborators, and published authors whose fame wentmuch further than the borders of Poland (cases of Father Karol Wojtyła, Czesław Miłosz, Stanisław Lem and others). Only under Turowicz, Polish literature had such a wide and competent coverage in “TP”. Thanks to this, readers could acquaint themselves with the foremost pens of literary criticism and were becomingthoroughly oriented in the Polish and world’s literature. It seems that since Turowicz’s passing, “Tygodnik Powszechny” has not played such a role in this regard anymore

Doświadczenia górskie w pisarstwie Jerzego Stempowskiego

Brak

Życie wewnętrzne Hansa Grafa von Lehndorff w Dzienniku wschodniopruskim

The article discusses a book by Hans Graf von Lehndorff (1910–1987), famous in the West (especially in the German-speaking world), Ostpreußisches Tagebuch. Aufzeichnungen eines Arztes aus den Jahren 1945–1947. In the People’s Republic of Poland, this book was most strictly prohibited by the communist censorship due to its depictions of atrocities of Red Army soldiers to civilian population, especially to women raped by the Soviets on a mass scale.Lehndorff was born into the Prussian aristocracy whose links with East Prussia went back approx. 600 years. Brought up in the chivalrous spirit since his youth, he secretly opposed Hitler’s rule and was involved to some extent in the assassination attempt of 1944. An opponent of National Socialism since its beginning, he became – like almost all inhabitants of East Prussia – a victim of Hitler’s political folly.The analysis emphasizes the multidimensional character of inner life. Lehndorff appears in the text primarily as a surgeon providing help to suffering people – regardless of any political, racial or territorial divisions. In his practice, he acts with the greatest dedication attainable by a human, particularly during the Soviet siege of the Königsberg fortress (January–December 1945). He rejects violence, even in defense of himself or his close ones. Many times, he miraculously escapes sudden death, also surviving many arrests, detention in a concentration camp, an escape on foot from Königsberg to his native Ermland, and fi nally, departure from Poland to Germany.Lehndorff developed his inner life consciously, joining in his youth – as a worshipper of Reformed Christianity – the Confessing Church (Bekennende Kirche) which opposed National Socialism in Nazi Germany. The surgeon’s constant practice was everyday prayer, reading of the Bible, meditation. In his evangelical radicalism, he even resorted to conducting service to  worshippers (due to a lack of pastors) both in Königsberg and after the war, in Ermland, where he was hiding at his friends’ or relatives’ houses. He used to be arrested by the NKVD and the Polish UB (Office of Security) for “religious propaganda”. Since he treated his persecutors (Russians, Poles) as well, in critical moments he would escape death. For a reader in our century, he is a model of a heroic Christian striving for reconciliation of nations and forgiveness of guilt. Lehndorff’s atonement is service to suffering people, uniting people of goodwill and constituting an evangelical sign of Christ’s presence

Expression of KIM-1, VEGF and bFGF in the transplanted kidney as predictive factors of kidney allograft function

Introduction: Transplantation is now a common treatment for kidney failure. However, it is associated with numerous complications, among which is rejection. Currently, factors that can predict the function of the transplanted kidney are being sought. This study aimed to investigate whether the expression of KIM-1 (kidney injury molecule-1), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor) assessed in the transplanted kidney before transplantation can be a predictive marker of the later function of the transplanted kidney and the occurrence of complications such as delayed graft function (DGF) and acute rejection (AR). Material and methods: The study group included 44 kidney allograft recipients who underwent kidney transplantation. Results: There were no statistically significant correlations between KIM-1, VEGF and bFGF gene expression in transplanted kidney biopsies and the occurrence of DGF and AR. The expression of the bFGF gene correlated significantly with the creatinine levels before and on the first day after transplantation. There were no statistically significant correlations between creatinine levels and expression of the KIM-1 and VEGF genes. There was also no statistically significant correlation between bFGF, KIM-1 and VEGF gene expression in the transplanted kidney and later eGFR and diuresis values. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between bFGF and serum potassium levels before transplantation and up to one month after transplantation. KIM-1 expression correlated significantly negatively with pre-transplant serum potassium levels. VEGF expression correlated significantly negatively with potassium levels 2 and 24 months after transplantation. Conclusions: The present results suggest that the expression of KIM-1, VEGF and bFGF assessed in the transplanted kidney before transplantation is not a significant predictor of the later function of the transplanted kidney. The expression of the bFGF gene correlates with the creatinine levels before and on the first day after transplantation. The expression of KIM-1, VEGF and bFGF may correlate with potassium serum levels

Jan Twardowski's Suplikacje and Śpieszmy się. An Interpretation

Interpretacja dwóch wierszy ks. Twardowskiego.An interpretation of two of Father Twardowski's poems

Życie wewnętrzne Hansa Grafa von Lehndorff w Dzienniku wschodniopruskim

The article discusses a book by Hans Graf von Lehndorff (1910–1987), famous in the West (especially in the German-speaking world), Ostpreußisches Tagebuch. Aufzeichnungen eines Arztes aus den Jahren 1945–1947. In the People’s Republic of Poland, this book was most strictly prohibited by the communist censorship due to its depictions of atrocities of Red Army soldiers to civilian population, especially to women raped by the Soviets on a mass scale.Lehndorff was born into the Prussian aristocracy whose links with East Prussia went back approx. 600 years. Brought up in the chivalrous spirit since his youth, he secretly opposed Hitler’s rule and was involved to some extent in the assassination attempt of 1944. An opponent of National Socialism since its beginning, he became – like almost all inhabitants of East Prussia – a victim of Hitler’s political folly.The analysis emphasizes the multidimensional character of inner life. Lehndorff appears in the text primarily as a surgeon providing help to suffering people – regardless of any political, racial or territorial divisions. In his practice, he acts with the greatest dedication attainable by a human, particularly during the Soviet siege of the Königsberg fortress (January–December 1945). He rejects violence, even in defense of himself or his close ones. Many times, he miraculously escapes sudden death, also surviving many arrests, detention in a concentration camp, an escape on foot from Königsberg to his native Ermland, and fi nally, departure from Poland to Germany.Lehndorff developed his inner life consciously, joining in his youth – as a worshipper of Reformed Christianity – the Confessing Church (Bekennende Kirche) which opposed National Socialism in Nazi Germany. The surgeon’s constant practice was everyday prayer, reading of the Bible, meditation. In his evangelical radicalism, he even resorted to conducting service to  worshippers (due to a lack of pastors) both in Königsberg and after the war, in Ermland, where he was hiding at his friends’ or relatives’ houses. He used to be arrested by the NKVD and the Polish UB (Office of Security) for “religious propaganda”. Since he treated his persecutors (Russians, Poles) as well, in critical moments he would escape death. For a reader in our century, he is a model of a heroic Christian striving for reconciliation of nations and forgiveness of guilt. Lehndorff’s atonement is service to suffering people, uniting people of goodwill and constituting an evangelical sign of Christ’s presence

„Tygodnik Powszechny” Jerzego Turowicza wobec literatury. Medium prawie doskonałe

Jerzy Turowicz’s “Tygodnik Powszechny” and literature. The almost perfect mediumThe subject of the discussion is Jerzy Turowicz’s attitude to the issues of literature (based on queries in the decades when he was the editor-in-chief of “TP”, i.e. in the 1945-1995 half-century). The special position occupied by the journal from Krakow on the map of the communist-era Polish press is stressed. Since its establishment, this journal enjoyed wide and long-time support from the professor communityof the Jagiellonian University, as well as other academies of Krakow. Assorted accounts from poets and prose authors, including Marek Skwarnicki, Jan Józef Szczepański, Jan Twardowski and others, were discussed. Attention was paid to Turowicz’s outstanding merits in discovering and advocating of literary talents (with an example of Father Jan Twardowski and Maria Jarczyńska-Bukowska). Turowicz seldom wrote on poets and poetry, but he continuously monitoredboth domestic and emigrationliterature on this subject. He also had an extraordinary aesthetic sense which allowed him to selecttalented poets as his collaborators, and published authors whose fame wentmuch further than the borders of Poland (cases of Father Karol Wojtyła, Czesław Miłosz, Stanisław Lem and others). Only under Turowicz, Polish literature had such a wide and competent coverage in “TP”. Thanks to this, readers could acquaint themselves with the foremost pens of literary criticism and were becomingthoroughly oriented in the Polish and world’s literature. It seems that since Turowicz’s passing, “Tygodnik Powszechny” has not played such a role in this regard anymore

Kłącze hermeneutyczne, czyli – nie wszystko musi być powiedziane

Recenzja książki Marka Bernackiego Hermeneutyka fenomenu istnienia. Studia o polskiej literaturze współczesnej (Vincenz, Miłosz, Wojtyła, Herbert, Szymborska), ATH, Bielsko-Biała 2010, ss. 39

Godzinki o Niepokalanym Poczęciu Najświętszej Maryi Panny [Officium parvum Conceptionis Immaculatae]. Statements, Hypotheses, Interpretations

The article concerns an Old Polish matins to the Holy Mary from the 17th century, which were created as a sung prayer, especially for laics. Its composition is similar to the breviary office of the Catholic Church, whereas the versification is based on prominent poetry examples from the Polish Renaissance (Jan Kochanowski, Mikołaj Sęp Szarzyński et al.). The author states that this form of prayer was attacked or even ridiculed in the times of reformation and counter-reformation by Protestant writers. Thanks to philological analysis of every distich – with consideration of the European background – the author shows intense and direct relations of the text to the Bible in Renaissance translations (priest Jakub Wujek, the Gdańsk Bible) and sometimes also to Marian apocryphic texts. A crucial role is played here by the symbolism of numbers (especially 7, 3, 1) and the semantic differences in many lexemes and language forms of the virtually 16th century Polish, if compared with contemporary Polish. A full concretization of this poetic cycle becomes visible when the text is sung first – hence the musical and prosodic aspects of the Little Office: its melodic line, physiological effects as the deepening and regularity of the breath have been considered. This is the way the prayer influences the human body, it opens and purifies the spiritual space for the influence of God’s grace. The author localized the prayer within the daily cycle of Old Polish and contemporary civilization, he pointed out the radical changes in life habits within the last century and an evolution of folk spirituality. The Little Office also has its place in the weekly cycle whereby every part is assigned to one specific day of the week. During the philological and prosodic analysis potential performers of the Little Office in Old Poland from the circles of peasants and craftsmen were named. The text has been well acquired in the community for twenty generations – the Little Office is often sung from memory exclusively. Because of the sociological changes it pervaded, thanks to the Roman-Catholic liturgy, into the contemporary urban ceremonial.