Die Sprache zwischen Globalisierung und Glokalisierung

Surrounding globalism , due to digital connections, is felt in all the fields of our life. Globalism causes changes in local conditions. However, there are also local realities and peope live with local conditions. As a result of this, according to R. Robertsson emerge “globalocalisation”. How is a language influenced from this “globalocalisation” process? This study trys to research with samples the changes in language as a consequence of globalocal interactions

Microarray analysis of mRNAs extracted from the Peyer's patch cells of mice given a diet including Escherichia coli and its specific bovine milk IgG

Five-week-old mice were given a diet consisting of ovalbumin alone (OVA, control diet) or a mixture of OVA, Escherichia coli, and its specific bovine milk IgG (IgG/E.coli added diet) as a protein source for 5 weeks, and mRNAs extracted from Peyer's patch cells of the mice were analyzed by means of DNA microarray. The gene expression of proteins relating to immunoglobulin production and development of immune diseases was reduced in mice given the IgG/E.coli-added diet compared with those given the control diet. In contrast, the gene expression of marker proteins on Th1, Th3, and negatively regulatory T cells was noticeably increased. On the other hand, Peyer's patch cells from mice that had not been given any E. coli or milk IgG were cultured with milk IgG, E. coli, or a mixture of E. coli and its specific milk IgG, and were subjected to a cell function analyzer. The numbers of CD19(+) cells and interleukin-4(+)CD4(+) cells increased significantly when the cells were cultured with either milk IgG or E. coli, while the mixture of E coli and its specific milk IgG hardly influenced the numbers of these cells. These results indicate that the result obtained by DNA microarray analysis is not due to free milk IgG or E. coli alone, but is attributable to a mixture of E. coli and its specific IgG, suggesting that a mixture of E. coli and its specific IgG in intestinal tracts would reduce the development of allergic symptoms and autoimmune diseases.ArticleMILCHWISSENSCHAFT-MILK SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL. 64(4):354-357 (2009)journal articl

An Analysis of Cardiopulmonary Hemodynamics During Hemorrhagic Shock in Dogs

Utilizing the standard Wiggers' method, hemorrhagic shock was induced in ten anesthetized dogs by bleeding to a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 50 mmHg for 2 hr and then to 30 mmHg for 1 hr, followed by reinfusion of the shed blood. The experimental protocol was designed to evaluate the effect of hemorrhagic shock on sequential pulmonary hemodynamic changes in relation to those of cardiac and systemic circulation. All selected cardiopulmonary hemodynamic parameters were recorded throughout the experiment on a multi-channel poly-oscillograph monitor. Total pulmonary resistance (TPuR) started rising early in hemorrhagic shock and was found to rise to a level that was 10-fold greater than pulmonary arteriolar resistance (PAR). This meant that, 90% of TPuR came from the venous side of the pulmonary vascular bed. Persistently raised TPuR even after reinfusion was linked to early death of the experimental animals. Myocardial contractility (max dp/dt mmHg/sec) which is one of the indices for cardiac performance was found to be severely depressed at terminal stage (p<0.001). Both total pulmonary and peripheral resistances were found to have an inverse relationship to ventricular performance which was measured by left ventricular stroke work (LVSW) and right ventricular stroke work (RVSW). There is a high suspicion that reinfusion or resuscitation following prolonged hypovolemic shock may aggrevate the hemorrhagic shock effects by facilitating the distribution of accumulated blood-borne toxic substances to various target organs and that, this has been linked with the early and sustained pulmonary hemodynamic disturbance found in these experiments

MUSCLE INERTIA DURING RUNNING: A MASSIVE CHANGE OF MOMENTS?

Skeletal muscles have substantial inertia that cause inertial forces working around joints. These inertial forces are not typically considered in musculoskeletal models used for sport biomechanics research, which can lead to considerable errors in estimated joint kinetics. How large these errors are in common sports movements is yet unclear. We therefore examined the role of shank muscle inertia on ankle joint moments during the swing phase of running at different speeds. Ankle moments were considerably affected when muscles were modelled as separate masses, with a general shift towards reduced dorsiflexion and higher plantarflexion moments. These results show that ignoring inertial muscle forces in musculoskeletal simulations can lead to under- or overestimations of structure-specific loads and possibly erroneous conclusions. We therefore encourage sport biomechanics researchers to consider the impact of muscle inertia on inverse dynamics calculations

Boxelization: folding 3D objects into boxes

We present a method for transforming a 3D object into a cube or a box using a continuous folding sequence. Our method produces a single, connected object that can be physically fabricated and folded from one shape to the other. We segment the object into voxels and search for a voxel-tree that can fold from the input shape to the target shape. This involves three major steps: finding a good voxelization, finding the tree structure that can form the input and target shapes' configurations, and finding a non-intersecting folding sequence. We demonstrate our results on several input 3D objects and also physically fabricate some using a 3D printer

One-stage hybrid procedure for aberrant right subclavian artery and thoracic aneurysm

A 60-year-old man without any symptoms was referred to our department because computed tomography revealed an aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) and a saccular aortic aneurysm arising opposite to the ARSA. We performed the following procedures through a median sternotomy: total arch replacement, insertion of a frozen elephant trunk to exclude the aneurysm and ARSA, placement of a vascular plug under transesophageal ultrasonography to occlude the dilated ARSA, and right axillary artery bypass. Postoperative computed tomography showed complete occlusion of the ARSA and exclusion of the aneurysm. This procedure should be considered an alternative strategy for treatment of patients with an ARSA

Enzyme-based protein tagging system

Various protein-labeling methods based on the specific interactions between genetically encoded tags and synthetic probes have been proposed to complement fluorescent protein-based labeling. In particular, labeling methods based on enzyme reactions have been intensively developed by taking advantage of the highly specific interactions between enzymes and their substrates. In this approach, the peptides or proteins are genetically attached to the target proteins as a tag, and the various labels are then incorporated into the tags by enzyme reactions with the substrates carrying those labels. On the other hand, we have been developing an enzyme-based protein-labeling system distinct from the existing ones. In our system, the substrate protein is attached to the target proteins as a tag, and the labels are incorporated into the tag by post-translational modification with an enzyme carrying those labels followed by tight complexation between the enzyme and the substrate protein. In this review, I summarize the enzyme-based protein-labeling systems with a focus on several typical methods and then describe our labeling system based on tight complexation between the enzyme and the substrate protein

Orally administered penta-ethyl ester prodrug of DTPA for the decorporation of americium-241

Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) is an intravenously administered chelating agent that is used to facilitate the elimination of 241Am from contaminated individuals. Despite its long history of use in chelation therapy, its optimal dose has not been clearly established. To evaluate the potential of DTPA to bind 241Am under biological conditions, in vitro binding studies were conducted in rat, beagle, and human plasma. Dose-response curves for DTPA were established, and DTPA was determined to be most efficient in human plasma and least efficient in rat plasma. These results suggest that species differences must be considered when translating the efficacy of DTPA from animals to humans. The oral delivery of DTPA is challenged by its permeability-limited bioavailability, limiting its utility in mass casualty emergencies. To overcome this limitation, a prodrug strategy using the penta-ethyl ester of DTPA was explored. Initial assessments of the prodrug identified favorable physicochemical properties for oral delivery. Consistent with the measured pK?a? values, the prodrug exhibited pH-dependent solubility and lipophilicity of a weak base that is suitable for absorption. Caco-2 permeability assay confirmed the improved epithelial transport of the prodrug over DTPA. From in vitro assessments, the prodrug appeared to be sufficiently stable against premature hydrolysis during gastrointestinal transit. The prodrug was further evaluated in pharmacokinetic, biodistribution, and efficacy studies in rats. A single dose oral administration of the prodrug demonstrated significant absorption over 24 h based on the urinary excretion data. From the urine composition, bioactivation was determined to be extensive but incomplete. Tissue distribution at 12 h was limited primarily to the gastrointestinal tract. A single dose intravenous administration of the prodrug resulted in significant fecal excretion, indicating that biliary clearance is also important to the elimination process. From the pharmacokinetic analysis, the oral administration of the prodrug appeared to be exhibit favorable characteristics for decorporation, including some potential improvements over intravenously administered DTPA. In rats contaminated with 241Am by inhalation, a single dose treatment with the prodrug significantly enhanced decorporation compared to placebo. Overall, DTPA penta-ethyl ester exhibited promising physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and therapeutic attributes as an orally administered prodrug of DTPA for radionuclide decorporation.Doctor of Philosoph

Sobre el concepto problemático de la voluntad en la filosofía de Schopenhauer. Una interpretación trascendental de la corporalidad de la voluntad

In Schopenhauer’s main work, "The world as will and representation", he tries to explain the world with an apparatus, representation and will. In his description, Schopenhauer analyzes the body and finds two sides in it, namely will and representation, then he transfers the duality of the body to all beings. However, it is problematic that such two sides are recognized directly in the body. So, in this paper I determine, how the will that is directly perceived in the body is to be seen. In the following I will first show where there are problems in his description and how the “will” is characterized. Based on Schopenhauer’s main work and on his dissertation “the want (das Wollen)” and Schopenhauer's theory of character are discussed. I confirm that “the ideas” are the condition of our perception and actions. According to some research, the ideas also have transcendental functions. Finally, I identify the will, which is recognized directly in the body, with the entire want, and at the same time with the intelligible character. By examining the will on a transcendental level, it can be understood more precisely and also related to the theory of character.In Schopenhauer’s main work, The world as will and representation, he tries to explain the world with an apparatus, representation and will. In his description, Schopenhauer analyzes the body and finds two sides in it, namely will and representation, then he transfers the duality of the body to all beings. However, it is problematic that such two sides are recognized directly in the body. So, in this paper I determine, how the will that is directly perceived in the body is to be seen. In the following I will first show where there are problems in his description and how the ‘will’ is characterized. Based on Schopenhauer’s main work and on his dissertation “the want (das Wollen)” and Schopenhauer’s theory of character are discussed. I confirm that ‘the ideas’ are the condition of our perception and actions. According to some research, the ideas also havetranscendental functions. Finally, I identify the will, which is recognized directly in the body, with the entire want, and at the same time with the intelligible character. By examining the will on a transcendental level, it can be understood more precisely and also related to the theory of character.En su obra capital, El mundo como voluntad y representación, Schopenhauer trata de explicar el mundo con un sistema, representación y voluntad. En su descripción, Schopenhauer analiza el cuerpo y encuentra en él dos caras (la voluntad y la representación), y luego transfiere esta dualidad del cuerpo a todos los seres. Sin embargo, es problemático que estas dos caras se reconozcan directamente en el cuerpo. En este artículo estipulo cómo debe ser considerada la voluntad que se percibe directamente en el cuerpo. A continuación, muestro, en primer lugar, dónde se presentan problemas en su descripción y cómo se debe caracterizar la ‘voluntad’. A partir de la obra capital de Schopenhauer y de su tesis doctoral se discute acerca de “la voluntad” (das Wollen) y acerca de su teoría del carácter. Afirmo que “las ideas” son la condición de nuestra percepción y nuestras acciones. Según algunas investigaciones, las ideas tienen también funciones trascendentales. Por último, identifico la voluntad, que se manifiesta directamente en el cuerpo, con todo el querer, y al mismo tiempo con el carácter inteligible. Al investigar la voluntad en un nivel trascendental, ella puede ser comprendida con mayor precisión y puede ser también relacionada con la teoría del carácter