Pellet Water Stability Studies on Lupin Meal Based Shrimp (Penaeus Monodon) Aquaculture Feeds : Comparison of Lupin Meal with Other Dietary Protein Sources

Nutritional quality of lupin based shrimp (Penaeus monodon) aquaculture feeds was evaluated in terms of pellet water stability. Two series of water stability experiments were carried out to study the effects of lupin meal inclusions as an dietary protein alternative for fish meal (Experiment 1) and soybean meal (Experiment 2) on percentage dry matter and protein leachings of the compounded test diets. Increasing the replacement levels of dietary fish meal with lupin meal resulted in significant decrease (P<0.05) of pellet water stability over the 480-minute immersion period. A significant improvement in water stability with the increase of the soybean meal replacement levels with lupin meal up to 50% was found, however, further increase above 50% substitution level resulted in reduced water stability of the diets. It is concluded that lupin meal can not totally replace either fish meal or soybean meal in shrimp formulated diets and a 50% replacement level of dietary fish meal or dietary soybean meal with lupin gives a promising good result in terms of pellet water stability for P. monodon diets

The Performance of Lupin Meal as an Alternative to Fishmeal in Diet of Juvenile Penaeus Monodon Under Pond Conditions

The present study was designed to investigate the performance of isonitrogenous practical diets containing different inclusion levels of dehulled lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) meal as an alternative for fish meal for juvenile Penaeus monodon (4.32 ± 0.57 g) reared in pens under pond conditions with a natural productivity. Five isonitrogenous experimental diets were formulated to contain 0, 10, 20, and 30% dehulled lupin (L. angustifolius) meal with a corresponding reduction in fish meal from 24 (0% replacement; D1 as control) to 18 (25% replacement; D2), 12 (50% replacement; D3) and 6% (75% replacement; D4) and a diet containing dehulled lupin (L. albus) meal formulated to be similar to D2 which was designated as D5 and used for comparison. Each treatment was tested in quadruplicate and arranged in a completely randomised design. In addition, a group of shrimp put in four pond pens was not fed, to estimate the contribution of pond natural production to shrimp growth. There was no significant effect (P>0.05) of different dietary treatments on mean individual weight gain (13.3-14.2 g), survival rate (88-93%) of shrimp, and feed conversion ratio (1.45-1.55). The presence of natural food in the pond was important to boost shrimp production and approximately 36-67% of growth of shrimp in the present study was supplied by natural food. Under such conditions, dehulled lupin (L. angustifolius) meal can replace up to 75% of protein from fish meal at inclusion levels of up to 30% in isonitrogenous practical diets without any adverse effects on growth, survival, and feed conversion ratio of juvenile P. monodon. Although this study was performed using a pond pen model on a small scale, the results obtained have provided useful information on the potential of lupin based meals in a commercial semi-intensive shrimp farming

Pengaruh Rasio C/n Berbeda Terhadap Rasio Konversi Pakan Dan Pertumbuhan Benih Lele (Clarias SP.) Dalam Media Bioflok

Intensifikasi budidaya lele dapat memberikan dampak negatif bagi kesehatan lingkungan. Teknologi bioflok merupakan salah satu pemecah masalah lingkungan dan dapat meningkatkan produksi budidaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan sistem bioflok dengan rasio C/N berbeda terhadap rasio konversi pakan, pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan lele, menentukan jenis rasio C/N yang menghasilkan rasio konversi pakan dan pertumbuhan lele terbaik. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diujikan adalah penambahan karbon tapioca dalam media bioflok dengan rasio A C/N 12 (tapioka), B C/N 18 (tapioka), dan C C/N 24 (tapioka). Hewan uji menggunakan benih lele dengan bobot rata-rata individu sebesar 7,16±0,36 g. Lele dipelihara pada ember berdiameter 60 cm dengan volume 10 L selama 42 hari dan pemberian pakan 5% dari berat biomassa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh rasio C/N berbeda terhadap rasio konversi pakan dan pertumbuhan benih lele (Clarias sp.) tidak berpengaruh nyata (P&gt;0,05) terhadap rasio konversi pakan (Clarias sp.) dalam media bioflok. Penggunaan C/N ratio yang berbeda berpengaruh nyata (P&lt;0,05) terhadap pertumbuhan dan tidak berpengaruh nyata (P&gt;0,05) terhadap kelulushidupan lele (Clarias sp.) dalam media bioflok, rasio C/N yang terbaik menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan rasio konversi pakan yaitu C/N 24, dibandingkan dengan C/N 12 dan C/N 18. Laju pertumbuhan spesifik yang dicapai pada perlakuan A, B, dan C berturut-turut adalah 2,20; 2,38; dan 2,58%/hari. Nilai FCR yang dicapai adalah 1,16; 1,12; dan 1,06. Nilai kelulushidupan lele berkisar antara 83-86,7%. Dan total konsumsi pakan sebesar 11,60;11,62; dan 11,18 g. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa pengaruh rasio C/N berbeda terhadap penambahan karbon tapioka dalam media bioflok dapat meningkatkan biomassa sel bakteri yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan tambahan bernutrisi. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa rasio C/N yang berbeda tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata (P&gt;0,05) terhadap rasio konversi pakan dan berpengaruh nyata (P&lt;0,05) terhadap pertumbuhan lele dalam media bioflok. Intensification of catfish cultivation can give negative effects to the health of environment. Biofloc technology is one of the way to solve the environment problems and can increase cultivation production. This research aim to evaluate the of biofloc system with ratio C/N different with the ratio of catfish food convertion, different with growth and catfish survival; determine the ratio type C/N that resulting in food ratio convertion and growth of the best catfish. This research uses Complete Random Desaign (CRD) with 3 treatment and 3 repetition. The treatment that is tested is by adding carbon tapioca in the biofloc medium with ratio A C/N 12 (tapioca), B C/N 18 (tapioca). And C C/N 24 (tapioca). Animals trial uses catfish seeds with weight aproximately per individu 7.16 ± 0.36. Catfish cultivates in buckets with diameter 60 cm and volume 10 liter for 42 days and feeding with 5 % from their biomass. The result of this research shows that the effect of ratio C/N is different with feed convertion ratio and the growth of catfish seeds (Clarias sp.) doesn't any effects (P &gt; 0.05) on food convertion ratio (Clarias sp.) in biofloc medium. The ussing C/N ratio that is different gives the real effects (P &lt; 0.05) towards the catfish survival (Clarias sp.) in the biofloc medium, C/N ratio that gives the best resulting on the growth and food convertion ratio is C/N 24, compared with C/N 12 and C/N 18. The specific growth rate that are achieved on A, B, and C treatments is 2.20 ; 2.38 ; and 2.58 % /day. The FCR value that is achieved 1.16 ; 1.12; and 1.06. The catfish survival value aproximately between 83-86,7 % and the total feeding consumtion is 11.60 ; 11.62 ; and 11.18 g. This reseacrh proves that adding the tapioca carbon in by biofloc medium can increase the biomass bacteria cells that can be used as nourishing additional food. This study proves that the C / N ratio was not different significant effect (P&gt; 0.05) on feed conversion ratio and significantly (P &lt;0.05) on the growth of catfish in biofloc medium

Pengaruh Pemberian Pakan Buatan Dengan Sumber Protein Yang Berbeda Terhadap Efisiensi Pakan, Laju Pertumbuhan, Dan Kelulushidupan Benih Abalone Hybrid

Feeding with artificial feeds in the abalone aquaculture is rarely conducted by abalone farmers. Feeding with artificial feed in the abalone aquaculture is rarely conducted by abalone farmers. Feeding with artficial feed in different protein sources is expected to produce a better quality abalone. This research aimed to determine the effects of different protein sources in artificial feeds on the on levels of feed intake, feed efficiency, growth rate and survival rate of hybrid abalone seeds and to know the best protein sources.This research used an experimental by using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments, in 4 replicates, respeatively. The seeds of hybrid abalone used in this research were with average length size of 2,5 ± 0,08 cm and average weight sized of 3,12 ± 0,28 g. The treatments were (A) Awabi commercial feed from Japanese product; (B) feed with 100% from animals sources; (C) feed with 100% from vegetables sources; and (D) feed combination with 50% animals and 50% vegetables sources. This research was conrried in in November 2012 - January 2013 at Marine Culture Instute of Lombok. The results of this research indicated that feeding abalone with different protein sources was signifantly different (P&lt;0,05) on levels of feed intake, highly significant effect (P&lt;0,01) on the feed utilization efficiency and growth rate but no significant affect (P≥0,05) was observed on the survival rate of hybrid abalone seeds. Awabi feed from Japanese product performed the best effect on the growth of hybrid abalone

Pengaruh C/n Ratio Berbeda Terhadap Efesiensi Pemanfaatan Pakan Dan Pertumbuhan Udang Windu(penaeusmonodon) Pada Media Bioflok

Udang merupakan salah satu komoditas yang di andalkan dalam peningkatan devisa negara dari sektor non migas. Udang mampu berkembang dengan pesat bila dibudidayakan secara baik, terpenuhi segala kebutuhan hidupnya dan tidak ada gangguan lingkungan. Pakan merupakan komponen budidaya yang menyerap biaya paling besar sampai 80%. Teknologi bioflok merupakan salah satu alternatif penyediaan pakan tambahan berprotein untuk kultivan sehingga dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pakan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan sistem bioflok dengan sumber C/N yang berbeda terhadap efisiensi pakan dan pertumbuhan udang windu dan mengetahui ratio C/N yang menghasilkan efisiensi pakan dan pertumbuhan udang windu yang terbaik. Parameter variable bebas yang dikaji meliputi pertumbuhan mutlak, laju pertumbuhan spesifik (SGR), tingkat konsumsi pakan (TKP), efesiensi pemanfaatan pakan (EPP) dan kelulushidupan (SR). Rancangan percobaan penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan, yaitu perlakuan A (C/N ratio 12), perlakuan B (C/N ratio 18), dan perlakuan C (C/N ratio 24). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah karbon yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh yang sangat nyata (P&lt;0,01) terhadap laju pertumbuhan harian dan efesiensi pemanfaatan pakan dan tidak berpengaruh nyata (P&gt;0,05) terhadap kelulushidupan (SR). Ratio C/N yang memberikan efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan dan pertumbuhan terbaik adalah 24, dengan nilai SGR 1,08±0,079%; EPP 72,32±6,17g; TKP 39,27±1,58; SR 90,00±10,00 dan kualitas air masih dalam kisaran layak untuk kehidupan udang windu (Penaeus monodon). Shrimp is one commodity in the count in an increase in national income of the non-oil sector. Shrimp able to thrive if cultivated properly, meet all the needs of life and no environmental interference. Feed an cultivating components that absorb the greatest costs up to 80%. Bioflok technology is an alternative to the provision of additional food protein kultivan so as to improve growth and feed effeciency. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of the system with the source bioflok C/N is different to the feed effeciency and growth of balck tiger shrimp and determine the ratio C/N which produces feed effeciency and growth of tiger shrimp are best. Free variabel parameters studied include the absolute growth, specific growth rate (SGR), the level of feed intake (TKP), effeciency of feed utilization (EPP), survival rate (SR). Parameters of this study supports using a completely randomized design (RAL) with 3 treatments and 3 replications, namely treatment A (C/N ratio 12), treatment B (C/N ratio 18), and treatment C (C/N ratio 24). The results showed that the number of different carbon gives significant influence (P&lt;0,01) the daily growth rate and effeciency of feed utilization and not significant effect (P&gt;0,05) to survival rate (SR). Ratio C/N which gives the best growth and feed effeciency was 24, with a value of SGR 1,08±0,079%; EPP 72,32±6,17g; TKP 39,27±1,58; SR 90,00±10,00 and the water quality is still within the range for a decent life tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)

Penggantian Tepung Ikan Dengan Tepung Kepala Lele Dalam Pakan Terhadap Efisiensi Pemanfaatan Pakan Dan Pertumbuhan Juvenil Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus Vannamei)

Industri pengolahan ikan lele dapat menghasilkan produk hasil samping (kepala lele) yang dapat dibuat tepung sebagai pengganti bahan baku protein utama dalam pakan. Tepung kepala lele digunakan untuk menggantikan tepungikan dalam pembuatan pakan buatan untuk juvenil udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Penelitian ini dirancang untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggantian tepung ikan dengan tepung kepala lele dalam pakan terhadap efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan dan pertumbuhan juvenil udang vaname dalam skala laboratorium. Perlakuan yang diujikan adalah penggantian tepung ikan dengan tepung kepala lele sebesar 0% (A), 25% (B), 50% (C), 75% (D) dan 100% (E). Juvenil udang vaname (2,47±0,07g) dipelihara dengan kepadatan 10 ekor perwadah (10 L) dan diberi pakan buatan tiga kali sehari pada pagi (07.00), siang (12.00) dan sore hari (17.00) secara ad libitum mengikuti kebutuhan jumlah pakannya. Juvenil udang vaname dipelihara selama 42 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tepung kepala lele mampu menggantikan tepung ikan hingga 50% dan tidak berpengaruh (P&gt;0,05) terhadap efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan (25,59-29,64), protein efisiensi rasio (0,89-0,98) dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik (1,69-1,85%bobot/hari) juvenil udang vaname. Penggantian tepung ikan hingga 100% dengan tepung kepala lele tidak berpengaruh (P&gt;0,05) terhadap kelulushidupan juvenil udang vaname. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa tepung kepala lele dapat menggantikan tepung ikan dalam ransum pakan buatan, sampai dengan penggantian 50% tanpa mempengaruhi efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan dan pertumbuhan juvenil udang vaname. Catfish processing industry can produce byproducts (catfish) which can be made of flour as a substitute for primary raw materials in feed protein. Flour catfish heads used to replace fish meal in the manufacture of artificial diets for juvenil shrimp vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). This study was designed to determine the effect of flour replacement of fish meal with catfish heads in the feed efficiency of feed utilization and growth of juvenil shrimp vaname on a laboratory scale. The treatment being tested is the replacement of fish meal with catfish heads flour at 0% (A), 25% (B), 50% (C), 75% (D) and 100% (E). Vaname juvenil shrimp (2.47 ± 0.07 g) maintained at densities of 10 individuals per container (10 L) and artificial fed three times daily in the morning (07:00), lunch (12:00) and afternoon (17:00) ad libitum follow amount of feed needs. Vaname juvenil shrimp maintained for 42 days. The results showed that the flour could replace the head catfish up to 50% fish meal had no effect (P&gt; 0.05) on feed utilization efficiency (25.59 to 29.64), protein efficiency ratio (0.89 to 0.98) and specific growth rate (1.69 to 1.85% / day) of juvenil shrimp vaname. Replacement of fish meal up to 100% with flour head catfish no effect (P&gt; 0.05) on the survival of juvenil shrimp vaname. This study proves that the flour can replace the head catfish fish meal made in feed rations, up to the replacement of 50% without affecting the efficiency of feed utilization and growth of juvenile shrimp vaname