23,077 research outputs found
Final remarks: becoming aware of our fundamental limits in knowing and doing, implications for the question of the existence of God
Dynamical mechanism for ultra-light scalar Dark Matter
Assuming a double-well bare potential for a self-interacting scalar field,
with the Higgs vacuum expectation value, it is shown that non-perturbative
quantum corrections naturally lead to ultra-light particles of mass
eV, if these non-perturbative effects occur at a time
consistent with the Electroweak phase transition. This mechanism could be
relevant in the context of Bose Einstein Condensate studies for the description
of cold Dark Matter. Given the numerical consistency with the Electroweak
transition, an interaction potential for Higgs and Dark Matter fields is
proposed, where spontaneous symmetry breaking for the Higgs field leads to the
generation of ultra-light particles, in addition to the usual Higgs mechanism.
This model also naturally leads to extremely weak interactions between the
Higgs and Dark Matter particles.Comment: 12 pages, includes the derivation of the effective potential
suppressed by the volum
Did working families' tax credit work? The final evaluation of the impact of in-work support on parents' labour supply and take-up behaviour in the UK
With micro-data from before and after a major reform in 1999 to the structure and form of in-work transfers in the UK, this paper uses a structural model of labour supply and programme participation to evaluate the labour market impact of Working Families' Tax Credit (WFTC). Estimates suggest that by 2002, WFTC had increased labour supply of lone mothers by around 5.11 percentage points, slightly reduced labour supply of mothers in couples by 0.57 percentage points, and increased the labour supply of fathers in couples by 0.75 percentage points, compared with the benefit that preceded it, called Family Credit. In aggregate, these changes are equivalent to a fall of 99,000 in the number of workless families with children, and a net increase in labour market participation of 81,000 workers. However, contemporaneous tax and benefit reforms acted to reduce the labour supply of parents, and so the overall impact of tax and benefit changes introduced since 1999 is lower than stated above. Participating in Family Credit, the UK's in-work programme before October 1999, conferred a utility loss as well as a utility gain from the extra income, but we find this utility cost of participation to be lower in the final year of WFTC than it was in the last year of Family Credit for lone mothers, and no different for individuals in couples: this in itself induced more lone mothers to work
Did Working Families' Tax Credit work? Analysing the impact of in-work support on labour supply and programme participation
With micro-data from before and after a major reform in 1999 to the structure and form of in-work transfers in the UK, this paper uses a structural model of labour supply and programme participation to show the impact of a reform to in-work support (Working Families' Tax Credit) on both labour supply and programme participation (or take-up). Estimates suggest that the changes in in-work incomes through the introduction of WFTC increased labour supply of lone mothers by around 4.6 percentage points, slightly reduced labour supply of mothers in couples by 0.2 percentage points, and increased the labour supply of fathers in couples by 0.8 percentage points, equivalent to a net increase in participation of 94,000 workers. Participating in Family Credit, the UK's in-work programme before October 1999, conferred a utility loss as well as a utility gain from the extra income, but we find this utility cost of participation to be lower under WFTC
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