Komposisi dan Kemelimpahan Fitoplankton di Laguna Glagah Kabupaten Kulonprogo Provinsi Daerah Istimewa YOGYAKARTA

Penelitian bertujuan untuk: 1) mengidentifikasi jenis fitoplankton di laguna Glagah; 2) meng-identifikasi kemelimpahan fitoplankton di laguna Glagah; 3) mempelajari hubungan faktor fisiko-kimia lingkungan dengan kemelimpahan fitoplankton di laguna Glagah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 10 Desember 2012 di laguna Glagah desa Glagah kecamatan Temon Kabupaten Kulonprogo DIY. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada 3 stasiun pengamatan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor fisiko-kimia (pH, DO, dan alkalinitas) dan mengidentifikasi fitoplankton. Pengamatan dilakukan sebanyak 2 kali yaitu pada pukul 08.00 WIB (pagi) dan 13.00 WIB (siang). Pengujian faktor fisiko-kimia dan identifikasi fito-plankton dilakukan di laboratorium ekologi Fakultas Biologi UGM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fitoplankton yang ditemukan di laguna Glagah berjumlah 9 spesies dalam 3 fungsional grup dengan kemelimpahan rata-rata sebesar 1839.667 individu/L pada pagi hari dan 1640,333 pada siang hari. Fitoplankton yang paling melimpah adalah diatom. Berdasarkan analisis regresi korelasi antara kemelimpahan fitoplankton dan faktor fisiko-kimia perairan Laguna Glagah maka diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara faktor fisiko kimia meliputi pH, DO, dan alkalinitas dengan kemelimpahan fitoplankton

Performance of polygenic risk scores for eBMD.

<p>Performance of polygenic risk scores for eBMD.</p

Analysis of predictors used in LASSO4.

<p>A. Histogram of p-values used by predictors in LASSO4. X-axis shows the–Log₁₀ of the p-value for association with eBMD from cohort A, from p = 10⁻² to p = 10⁻⁸. Inset shows data for all p-values used in LASSO4. B. Plot of cumulative score from predictors in LASSO4. X-axis is a running total of number of predictors and y-axis is the cumulative score (T-score units) from those predictors.</p

Receiver Operator and box plots for PRS’s for osteoporosis risk.

<p>A. Receiver Operator plot for the LASSO4 PRS for osteoporosis. B. Box plot for the LASSO 4 PRS. C. Receiver Operator curve for the BOG score for osteoporosis. D. Box plot for the BOG score. AUC; Area Under the Curve. Box plots show the maximum, first quartile, mean, third quartile and minimum scores for LASSO4 and BOG for osteoporosis cases and controls.</p

Manhattan plot for genome-wide association analysis of eBMD.

<p>The -log₁₀ p-values for association with eBMD of SNPs from the LMM analysis are plotted by genomic position with chromosome number listed across the bottom. The y-axis shows the -log₁₀ p-value for association with eBMD. The blue line represents suggestive genome-wide significance (p<5x10^-5) and the red line represents genome-wide significance (p<6.6x10^-9).</p

Quantile-quantile plot for genome-wide association analysis of eBMD.

<p>The expected versus observed log transformed values for the 20,259,828 p-values from the LMM analysis are graphed. The y-axis shows the observed p-values and the x-axis shows the p-values expected by chance. The black dots represent the SNPs arranged by their observed p-values and the red line shows the expected trajectory if the SNPs had p-values expected by chance.</p

Prediction of eBMD, osteoporosis risk and fracture risk using the BOG score.

<p>A. Comparison of the BOG risk score with A. eBMD, B. osteoporosis risk and C. fracture risk. Individuals from cohort C were ranked based on their risk score and placed into bins. Red dots show average eBMD (T score), osteoporosis risk and fracture risk (left y-axes). Gray bars show number of individuals in each bin (right y-axis). Risk score for each bin is shown on the x-axis. Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals.</p

The GATA Transcription Factor <em>egl-27</em> Delays Aging by Promoting Stress Resistance in <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em>

<div><p>Stress is a fundamental aspect of aging, as accumulated damage from a lifetime of stress can limit lifespan and protective responses to stress can extend lifespan. In this study, we identify a conserved <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> GATA transcription factor, <em>egl-27</em>, that is involved in several stress responses and aging. We found that overexpression of <em>egl-27</em> extends the lifespan of wild-type animals. Furthermore, <em>egl-27</em> is required for the pro-longevity effects from impaired insulin/IGF-1 like signaling (IIS), as reduced <em>egl-27</em> activity fully suppresses the longevity of worms that are mutant for the IIS receptor, <em>daf-2</em>. <em>egl-27</em> expression is inhibited by <em>daf-2</em> and activated by pro-longevity factors <em>daf-16</em>/FOXO and <em>elt-3</em>/GATA, suggesting that <em>egl-27</em> acts at the intersection of IIS and GATA pathways to extend lifespan. Consistent with its role in IIS signaling, we found that <em>egl-27</em> is involved in stress response pathways. <em>egl-27</em> expression is induced in the presence of multiple stresses, its targets are significantly enriched for many types of stress genes, and altering levels of <em>egl-27</em> itself affects survival to heat and oxidative stress. Finally, we found that <em>egl-27</em> expression increases between young and old animals, suggesting that increased levels of <em>egl-27</em> in aged animals may act to promote stress resistance. These results identify <em>egl-27</em> as a novel factor that links stress and aging pathways.</p> </div

Hypergeometic p-value for EGL-27 targets and 16 stress conditions and aging.

<p>Hypergeometic p-value for EGL-27 targets and 16 stress conditions and aging.</p

Assays showing functional activity of the aging genes.

<p>a. Levels of total ATP in extracts from L4 stage hermaphrodites. ATP levels were measured using a luciferase bioluminescent assay. y-axis shows ATP levels (nmoles per mg of protein). * indicates p<0.01, t-test. Error bars are SEM of three independent experiments. Red bar indicates transgenic line expected to show decreased level of ATP. b. <i>B. subtilis</i> does not extend the lifespan of worms expressing <i>D. rerio lyz</i>. Worms expressing <i>D. rerio lyz</i> live longer than control strains when grown on <i>E. coli</i> (p<0.01, log-rank) but not when they are grown on <i>B. subtilis</i> (p>0.05, log rank). Shown are representative data from one of six experiments. At least 80 worms were score in each experiment. Additional data are in <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002780#pgen.1002780.s006" target="_blank">Table S4</a>. c. Induction of <i>hsp-16.2</i> and <i>hsp-16.11</i> in worms expressing either <i>C. elegans hsf-1</i> or <i>C. elegans aakg-2(sta2)</i>. y-axis shows normalized RNA levels of either <i>hsp-16.11</i> or <i>hsp-16.2</i> relative to control, measured by qPCR. Error bars are SEM of three independent experiments. Each bar represents transgenic worms expressing the corresponding gene. * indicates p<0.01 (t-test) for both <i>hsps</i> . Red text indicates transgenic line expected to show increased expression of <i>hsp-16.2</i> and <i>hsp-16.11</i>. d. Oxidative damage to proteins in long-lived transgenic worms. Oxidative damage levels in worm extracts increase about five fold from young adult (day 1) to old adult (day 14). At 14 days of adulthood, transgenic worms expressing <i>D. rerio ucp2</i> or <i>C. elegans hsf-1</i> have less damage (*, p<0.05, t-test). Oxidative damage to proteins was measured by the Oxiblot method, and is expressed relative to oxidative damage in a control strain in arbitrary units. Each bar represents transgenic worms expressing the corresponding gene. Error bars are SEM of three independent experiments. Red bars indicate transgenic lines expected to show decreased levels of oxidative protein damage. e. Expression of <i>sod-3::mCherry</i>. Worms expressing <i>C. elegans hsf-1</i> or <i>C. elegans aakg-2(sta2)</i> show higher expression (p<0.01, t-test) and worms expressing <i>D. rerio lyz</i> show lower expression (p<0.01, t-test) of <i>sod-3::mCherry</i>. y-axis show fluorescence in arbitrary units. Error bars are SEM of three independent experiments. Each bar represents transgenic worms expressing the corresponding gene. Red bar indicates transgenic line expected to show increased expression of <i>sod-3::mCherry</i>. <i>Ce</i> – <i>C. elegans</i>, <i>Dr</i> – <i>D. rerio</i>.</p