Energy management structure and behaviour and motivation analysis within each sector

The understanding of the organizational aspects of achieving increased energy efficiency in In-dustrial Water Circuits (IWC) over the course of the WaterWatt project has benefitted from two parallel processes. On the one hand, conducting case studies in a variety of countries and sec-tors has helped to identify and to distinguish what might be referred to as ‘universal’ and ‘local’ factors that influence the degree of energy efficiency in IWC. On the other hand, discussions within the WaterWatt consortium, partly informed by insights established during the case study research, about the direction and focus of the organizational aspects of the project have moved forward. The aim of conducting the case studies as part of WaterWatt Project is to understand how indus-trial water circuits work in practice and in particular contexts. For our technical colleagues, the case study approach has been important to help them in their efforts to incorporate the modelling of water circuits into the E3 Platform. From our sociological perspective, the case study ap-proach has proved to be an excellent method to develop our understanding of the organizational dimensions of achieving greater energy efficiency. The case studies have helped us to formulate organizational factors, as well as produce a list of relevant contextual factors, which essentially represent the conclusions of this work (see D3.3). The following sets of case studies have been conducted - A steelwork in Germany in June 2016 - A steel plant and a non-ferrous metal plant in Norway in October 2016 - A paper & cardboard and a sugar plant in Portugal in November 2016 - A steel plant in the United Kingdom in May 201

Organisational factors by sector

The WaterWatt project is an ambitious project aiming to help companies achieve greater energy efficiency in their industrial water circuits (IWC). From the outset, the WaterWatt project identified (i) low awareness of energy saving potential of industrial water circuits and (ii) uncertainty about positive economic effects as two important barriers to more investment to improve the energy efficiency of water circuits. The principal route to overcome this twin barrier is to develop an interactive online selfassessment tool, the Energy Efficiency Evaluation or E3 Platform. The two main capabilities of the planned E3 Platform are carefully designed to remove the investment barriers. On the one hand, the E3 Platform will allow industrial users to identify and calculate the unrealised energy saving potential of their water circuits. On the other hand, the E3 Platform will also be able to assist companies in working out the cost-effectiveness of any investment into water circuits, thereby indicating whether an investment in energy efficiency has positive or negative cost implications. To develop a useful and usable online tool, the WaterWatt project has relied on both technical and sociological research to gain a deep understanding of industrial water circuits in a variety of sectors and countries. This report summarises the findings of the sociological research on human and organisational challenges that companies wanting to increase the energy efficiency in their industrial water circuits face. The report identifies a range of organisational and contextual factors based on the case studies conducted at different plants and branches (see Deliverable report D3.2 and others for details): - A steelwork in Germany in June 2016 - A steel plant and a non-ferrous metal plant in Norway in October 2016 - A paper & cardboard and a sugar plant in Portugal in November 201

Eighteen Years of the Hawkeye Science Fair

Pre-planning for the first Hawkeye Science Fair began in 1958 when representatives of the Iowa Medical Society, the Des Moines Register and Tribune Co., and Drake University met to discuss the feasibility of organizing to sponsor a science fair. Later, the Scanlon Medical Foundation was added to the list of sponsors. The first fair was held in the spring of 1959

The social construction of labour markets by students in higher education

This study is concerned with higher education students’ social construction of the labour market. It is an exploration of how university students socially construct the labour market and their relationships to it, in the context of the radical and wider restructuring of British higher education. It is a qualitative study focusing on the students of ‘St. David’s’ university in Wales. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with a number of students of various disciplines to elicit knowledge of how relationships with the labour market are socially constructed. The relationship students socially construct with the labour market is understood in terms of the social construction of a labour market identity. The place of higher education in Britain in the latter part of the twentieth century has altered radically, and the relationship the state has with higher education has been reformulated. An unprecedented expansion of student numbers, predicated on the assumption that Britain needs a more highly skilled labour-force to fulfil the needs of a competitive knowledge based economy, funded in part by student financial contributions, has necessitated an almost wholesale restructuring of higher education’s organisation. Moreover, such transformations, and the discourse upon which they have been premised, have reformulated the relationship university students have with their education and the labour market opportunities that might derive from participation. This thesis seeks to explore students’ perceptions of labour market ‘reality’ and ‘graduate employment’, in light of such transformations. More significantly, drawing primarily on Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of habitus - and also on Ulrich Beck’s meta theories of individualisation and risk and Rees et al’s theories of life-time learning - it is concerned with examining ‘differences’ in the students’ evaluation and knowledge of (transformed graduate) labour market opportunity and choice, as shaped by the interpolation of social and economic relations and structures, i.e. the social construction of a labour market identity