The participial oblique, a verb mood found only in Nunivak Central Alaskan Yup'ik and in Siberian Yupik

L’île de Nunivak possède le plus divergent des dialectes de l’eskimo yup’ik central d’Alaska, langue parlée dans le sud-ouest de l’Alaska. Les divergences lexicales et phonologiques ont été examinées précédemment ailleurs. Dans le présent article, on discute de la forme et de la fonction du mode du verbe de type «oblique participial» que l’on trouve dans le yup’ik de Nunivak, mais dans aucun des autres dialectes du yup’ik central d’Alaska, et dans le yupik central sibérien, langue parlée dans l’île Saint-Laurent en Alaska et à la pointe de la Tchoukotka. On examine également les différences entre la forme tchoukotkane du mode et celle de l’île Saint-Laurent, la présence du mode dans le yupik de Naukan et un éventuel «chaînon manquant» dans la construction participiale des autres dialectes du yup’ik central d’Alaska.Nunivak Island has the most divergent dialect of Central Alaskan Yup'ik Eskimo, the language of southwestern Alaska. Lexical and phonological divergences have been discussed elsewhere. This paper discusses the form and function of the “participial oblique” verb mood found in Nunivak—but not in other Central Alaskan Yup’ik dialects—and in Central Siberian Yupik Eskimo, the language of St. Lawrence Island Alaska and the tip of Chukotka. Discussed also are differences between the Chukotkan form of the mood and that of St. Lawrence Island, the mood’s presence in Naukan Yupik, and a probable “missing link” participial construction in other Central Alaskan Yup’ik dialects

NASA Armstrong Status

Armstrong (formerly Dryden) Flight Research Center continues it's legacy of exciting work in the area of dynamics and control of advanced vehicle concepts. This status presentation highlights the research and technology development that Armstrong's Control and Dynamics branch is performing in the areas of Control of Flexible Structures and Automated Cooperative Trajectories

History of the Naukan Yupik Eskimo dictionary with implications for a future Siberian Yupik dictionary

Naukan is a Yupik Eskimo language spoken now by only a few people on the Russian side of the Bering Strait, but with strong Alaskan affinities. Naukan speaker Dobrieva of Lavrentiya, linguist Golovko of St. Petersburg, and linguists Jacobson and Krauss of Fairbanks have compiled a Naukan dictionary in two parallel volumes: Naukan in a latin-letter orthography to English, and Naukan in the modified Cyrillic alphabet used for Chukotkan Eskimo languages to Russian. It was both appropriate and beneficial that this project involved people from Alaska, European Russia, and Chukotka. The dictionary was recently published by the Alaska Native Language Center of the University of Alaska Fairbanks. The Naukan dictionary in two parallel volumes can serve as a model for a new dictionary of (Central) Siberian Yupik, a language spoken, at least ancestrally, by roughly equal numbers on St. Lawrence Island Alaska and in the New Chaplino-Sirenik area of Chukotka, Russia. Such a dictionary could help to reinvigorate that language and allow it better to serve as a bridge between the two halves of a single people and culture divided only in recent decades by a boundary not of their own making.Naukan est une langue Yupik qui n’est parlée de nos jours que par quelques personnes du côté russe du détroit de Béring, qui ont toutefois de fortes affinités alaskiennes. Dobrieva de Lavrentiya, qui parle naukan, le linguiste Golovko de St Petersbourg et les linguistes Krauss et Jacobson de Fairbanks ont compilé un dictionnaire naukan en deux volumes parallèles: naukan-anglais avec le naukan orthographié en lettres latines et, naukan-russe avec le naukan transcrit dans l’alphabet cyrillique modifié que l’on utilise pour les langues eskimo de Tchoukotka. L’implication dans ce projet de gens de l’Alaska, de l’Europe russe et de la Tchoukotka était à la fois appropriée et bénéfique. Le dictionnaire a été publié récemment par le Centre des langues Autochtones d’Alaska de l’Université d’Alaska à Fairbanks. Le dictionnaire naukan en deux volumes parallèles peut servir de modèle pour produire un nouveau dictionnaire du yupik (central) sibérien, une langue parlée, au moins ancestralement, par à peu près autant de gens sur l’île Saint-Laurent en Alaska que dans la région de Novo Chaplino-Sirenik en Tchoukotka russe. Un tel dictionnaire pourrait aider à revigorer cette langue et lui permettre de mieux servir de pont entre les deux moitiés d’un même peuple et d’une même culture, divisés seulement depuis quelques décennies par une frontière qu’ils n’ont pas créée

Modeling Newborn Piglet Thermal Interactions with a Surface Energy Balance Model

A mathematical model was developed to describe the radiative and convective thermal interactions between a newborn piglet and it’s surroundings. The model incorporates surface energy balances for each surface in the enclosure. The model was verified with results from a simulated creep area and from published calorimetric studies on newborn pigs. Mathematical results were all within 5.5% of the measured results from a simulated creep-area. Compared with published studies, the mathematical model over-predicts heat loss in high-demand environments and under predicts heat loss in low-demand environments

Defining the Newborn Piglet’s Thermal Environment with an Effective Environmental Temperature

An effective environmental temperature (EET) developed for newborn piglets describes the thermal environment by incorporating the mean radiant temperature, dry-bulb temperature, and air velocity near the newborn. The adequacy of the defined EET was analyzed by comparing with three published studies on newborn sensible heat loss. Results from the published studies indicate that the EET predicted between 87% and 98% of the variability in the data

Lattice Black Holes

We study the Hawking process on lattices falling into static black holes. The motivation is to understand how the outgoing modes and Hawking radiation can arise in a setting with a strict short distance cutoff in the free-fall frame. We employ two-dimensional free scalar field theory. For a falling lattice with a discrete time-translation symmetry we use analytical methods to establish that, for Killing frequency $\omega$ and surface gravity $\kappa$ satisfying $\kappa\ll\omega^{1/3}\ll 1$ in lattice units, the continuum Hawking spectrum is recovered. The low frequency outgoing modes arise from exotic ingoing modes with large proper wavevectors that "refract" off the horizon. In this model with time translation symmetry the proper lattice spacing goes to zero at spatial infinity. We also consider instead falling lattices whose proper lattice spacing is constant at infinity and therefore grows with time at any finite radius. This violation of time translation symmetry is visible only at wavelengths comparable to the lattice spacing, and it is responsible for transmuting ingoing high Killing frequency modes into low frequency outgoing modes.Comment: 26 pages, LaTeX, 2 figures included with psfig. Several improvements in the presentation. One figure added. Final version to appear in Phys.Rev.