17 research outputs found

    Don’t fall in love with your method

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    Talk given during the "How To Be a Skeptical Neuroimager: Functional Connectivity & Causal Modeling" workshop at the 2011 Organization for Human Brain Mapping (OHBM) conference in in Quebec City, June 10-14

    Threshold-Free Cluster Enhancement revisited: Increasing Power and Spatial specificity of TFCE

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    Poster submitted to the 2015 Organization for Human Brain Mapping (OHBM) in Hawaii, 14-18 June

    APACE: Accelerated Permutation Inference for the ACE Model

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    Poster submitted to the 2014 Organization for Human Brain Mapping (OHBM) conference in Hamburg, 8-12 June

    N‑Cadherin Targeted Melanin Nanoparticles Reverse the Endothelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Vascular Endothelial Cells to Potentially Slow the Progression of Atherosclerosis and Cancer

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    Endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) of vascular endothelial cells has recently been considered as a key player in the early progression of a variety of vascular and nonvascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, cancer, and organ fibrosis. However, current strategies attempting to identify pharmacological inhibitors to block the regulatory pathways of EndoMT suffer from poor selectivity, unwanted side effects, and a heterogeneous response from endothelial cells with different origins. Furthermore, EndoMT inhibitors focus on preventing EndoMT, leaving the endothelial cells that have already undergone EndoMT unresolved. Here, we report the design of a simple but powerful nanoparticle system (i.e., N-cadherin targeted melanin nanoparticles) to convert cytokine-activated, mesenchymal-like endothelial cells back to their original endothelial phenotype. We term this process “Reversed EndoMT” (R-EndoMT). R-EndoMT allows the impaired endothelial barriers to recover their quiescence and intactness, with significantly reduced leukocyte and cancer cell adhesion and transmigration, which could potentially stop atheromatous plaque formation and cancer metastasis in the early stages. R-EndoMT is achieved on different endothelial cell types originating from arteries, veins, and capillaries, independent of activating cytokines. We reveal that N-cadherin targeted melanin nanoparticles reverse EndoMT by downregulating an N-cadherin dependent RhoA activation pathway. Overall, this approach offers a different prospect to treat multiple EndoMT-associated diseases by designing nanoparticles to reverse the phenotypical transition of endothelial cells

    mRNA transcription of candidate genes for thermal adaptation in the crimson-spotted rainbowfish.

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    Total mRNA was extracted from laboratory bred and reared individuals (F1); parents were wild-caught and originated from the Brisbane River. At 6 months of age, individuals from each family group were subjected to one of two thermal treatments for a duration of 80 days. Rearing tank (Tank), sex (Sex), thermal treatment group (Treat) individual identifier (animal), parents (DAM & SIRE) and full-sib family group (Fam) are provided for each individual. Immediately following thermal treatment, fish were euthanized and total mRNA extracted from liver tissues. Transcript abundance was estimated via quantitative real-time PCR. LinRegPCR was used to convert raw CT values into estimates of initial/starting mRNA concentrations (N0). Initial mRNA concentrations were standardized relative to the geometric mean of two reference genes (geomean.REFS). Standardized values of candidate genes occupy the final 12 columns; gene symbols (column headings) are the same as those used in the accompanying article (McCairns et al. 2016)

    A Method for Fast Whole-brain Aggregate Heritability Estimation

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    <div>Poster submitted to the 2014 Organization for Human Brain Mapping (OHBM) conference in Hamburg, 8-12 June.</div><div><br></div

    Spectroscopic Imaging and Power Dependence of Near-Infrared to Visible Upconversion Luminescence from NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb<sup>3+</sup>,Er<sup>3+</sup> Nanoparticles on Nanocavity Arrays

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    The spatial variations in upconversion luminescence from NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Er<sup>3+</sup>,Yb<sup>3+</sup> nanoparticles embedded in PMMA on Au nanocavity arrays are investigated over a wide range of excitation powers, spanning the nonlinear and saturation power-dependence regimes. Spatially resolved upconversion spectra on these arrays show a minimum of ≈3× luminescence enhancement compared to the adjacent smooth Au surface under high-intensity excitation, with progressively higher enhancement ratios, up to 30×, at excitation intensities below 100 W/cm<sup>2</sup>. It is found that the average upconversion luminescence enhancement, obtained by spectroscopic imaging and far-field measurements, can be almost entirely accounted for by an effective multiplicative shift in the excitation intensity, <i>P</i><sub>eff</sub> = <i>F</i>·<i>P</i>, which is robust over 5 orders of magnitude variation in excitation intensity. We reconcile this constant excitation enhancement factor, <i>F</i> = 4.46, with the wide range of observed luminescence enhancement factors, ranging from 3× to 30×, using an analytical model for a three level system, and by numerically solving a system of coupled rate equations for the Yb<sup>3+</sup>, Er<sup>3+</sup> system. By analyzing the statistical distributions of luminescence intensities in the spectroscopic images on and off the nanocavity arrays, estimates of the luminescence enhancement factor independent of fluctuations in nanoparticle density are obtained. The results clearly relate observed enhancement factors to the kinetics of the energy-transfer upconversion process, suggesting the primary upconversion enhancement from these substrates is in the Yb<sup>3+</sup> absorption channel, and demonstrate these self-assembled enhancing substrates as a low-cost and scalable route toward efficient near-infrared to visible upconversion at low excitation intensities
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