Polymorphisms in immunoregulatory genes and the risk of histologic chorioamnionitis in Caucasoid women: a case control study

BACKGROUND: Chorioamnionitis is a common underlying cause of preterm birth (PTB). It is hypothesised that polymorphisms in immunoregulatory genes influence the host response to infection and subsequent preterm birth. The relationship between histologic chorioamnionitis and 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 11 immunoregulatory genes was examined in a case-control study. METHODS: Placentas of 181 Caucasoid women with spontaneous PTB prior to 35 weeks were examined for histologic chorioamnionitis. Polymorphisms in genes IL1A, IL1B, IL1RN, IL1R1, tumour necrosis factor (TNF), IL4, IL6, IL10, transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFB1), Fas (TNFRSF6), and mannose-binding lectin (MBL2) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and sequence specific primers. Multivariable logistic regression including demographic and genetic variables and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses of genotype frequencies and pregnancy outcome were performed. RESULTS: Sixty-nine (34%) women had histologic evidence of acute chorioamnionitis. Carriage of the IL10-1082A/-819T/592A (ATA) haplotype [Multivariable Odds ratio (MOR) 1.9, P = 0.05] and MBL2 codon 54Asp allele (MOR 2.0, P = 0.04), were positively associated with chorioamnionitis, while the TNFRSF6-1377A/-670G (AG) haplotype (MOR 0.4, P = 0.03) and homozygosity for TGFB1-800G/509T (GT) haplotype (MOR 0.2, P = 0.04) were negatively associated. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that polymorphisms in immunoregulatory genes IL10, MBL2, TNFRSF6 and TGFB1 may influence susceptibility to chorioamnionitis

Intercultural misunderstandings about health care : recall of descriptions of illness and treatment

Supported in part by the National Institute of Education under contract no. HEW-NIE-C-400-76-011

The effect of cultural knowledge on memory and language

Bibliography: leaves 25-27Supported by the National Institute of Education under contract no. US-NIE-C-400-76-011

A study of the use of conjunctions across grades and ethnic groups

Includes bibliographical references (p. 25-27)Supported in part by the National Institute of Education under contract no. US-NIE-C-400-76-011

Effect of situation on the verbalization of black inner-city children

Includes bibliographical references (p. 20-23)Supported in part by the National Institute of Education under Contract No. US-NIE-C-400-76-011

Black English vernacular and reading comprehension : a cloze study of third, sixth, and ninth graders

Bibliography: p. 25-29Digitized. Photocopy. Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Education, National Institute of Education, Educational Resources Information Center, [1986?] 44 leaves ; 28 cm. (ERIC reports) "Prepared by ERIC Document Reproduction Service." Stamped on t.p.: ED199660. s1986 ilun rSupported in part by the National Institute of Education under contract no. HEW-NIE-C-400-76-011

Register, cohesion, and cross-cultural reading comprehension

Includes bibliographiesSupported in part by the National Institute of Education under contract no. HEW-NIE-C-400-76-011

A cross-cultural perspective on reading comprehension

Bibliography: leaves 28-30Supported in part by the National Institute of Education ... and in part by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Developmen