Table_1_Worldwide analysis of reef surveys sorts coral taxa by associations with recent and past heat stress.xlsx

Coral reefs around the world are under threat from anomalous heat waves that are causing the widespread decline of hard corals. Different coral taxa are known to have different sensitivities to heat, although variation in susceptibilities have also been observed within the same species living in different environments. Characterizing such taxa-specific variations is key to enforcing efficient reef conservation strategies. Here, we combine worldwide-reef-survey data with remote sensed environmental variables to evaluate how local differences in taxa-specific coral cover are associated with past trends of thermal anomalies, as well as of non-heat related conditions. While the association with non-heat related environmental variation was seldom significant, we found that heat stress trends matched local differences in coral cover. Coral taxa were sorted based on the different patterns of associations with recent heat stress (measured the year before the survey) and past heat stress (measured since 1985). For branching, tabular and corymbose Acroporidae, reefs exposed to recent heat stress had lower coral cover than locally expected. Among such reefs, those previously exposed to frequent past heat stress displayed relatively higher coral cover, compared to those less frequently exposed. For massive and encrusting Poritidae, and for meandroid Favidae and Mussidae, we observed a negative association of coral cover with recent heat stress. However, unlike with Acroporidae, these associations were weaker and did not vary with past heat exposure. For Pocilloporidae, we found a positive association between coral cover and recent heat stress for reefs frequently exposed to past heat, while we found a negative association at reefs less frequently exposed to past heat. A similar pattern was observed for the branching Poritidae, although the associations were weaker and not statistically significant. Overall, these results show taxa-specific heat association patterns that might correspond to taxa-specific responses to past heat exposure, such as shifts in the assembly of coral communities, evolutionary adaptation or physiological acclimation.</p

DataSheet_1_Worldwide analysis of reef surveys sorts coral taxa by associations with recent and past heat stress.pdf

Coral reefs around the world are under threat from anomalous heat waves that are causing the widespread decline of hard corals. Different coral taxa are known to have different sensitivities to heat, although variation in susceptibilities have also been observed within the same species living in different environments. Characterizing such taxa-specific variations is key to enforcing efficient reef conservation strategies. Here, we combine worldwide-reef-survey data with remote sensed environmental variables to evaluate how local differences in taxa-specific coral cover are associated with past trends of thermal anomalies, as well as of non-heat related conditions. While the association with non-heat related environmental variation was seldom significant, we found that heat stress trends matched local differences in coral cover. Coral taxa were sorted based on the different patterns of associations with recent heat stress (measured the year before the survey) and past heat stress (measured since 1985). For branching, tabular and corymbose Acroporidae, reefs exposed to recent heat stress had lower coral cover than locally expected. Among such reefs, those previously exposed to frequent past heat stress displayed relatively higher coral cover, compared to those less frequently exposed. For massive and encrusting Poritidae, and for meandroid Favidae and Mussidae, we observed a negative association of coral cover with recent heat stress. However, unlike with Acroporidae, these associations were weaker and did not vary with past heat exposure. For Pocilloporidae, we found a positive association between coral cover and recent heat stress for reefs frequently exposed to past heat, while we found a negative association at reefs less frequently exposed to past heat. A similar pattern was observed for the branching Poritidae, although the associations were weaker and not statistically significant. Overall, these results show taxa-specific heat association patterns that might correspond to taxa-specific responses to past heat exposure, such as shifts in the assembly of coral communities, evolutionary adaptation or physiological acclimation.</p

Data input and characteristics for socio-economic and environmental assessment.

<p>Data input and characteristics for socio-economic and environmental assessment.</p

Simulation data

The final generation (generation 1250) of each simulation run and replicate. Simulations are divided into no selection simulations ("Nsims"), gradient selection simulations ("Gsims"), and discrete selection simulations ("H1/H5/H9sims")

Geographical distribution of the local agriculture sustainability (LAS) index.

<p>The computation based on weights and thresholds described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0176362#pone.0176362.s001" target="_blank">S1 Appendix</a>. The colors of the areas that do not contain any Valais Blacknose sheep are faded. Sustainable areas are shown in green (e.g. area 1) while low sustainability is represented in red (e.g. area 2 situated in an urban low-land zone). The pale yellow shows intermediate values.</p

The geographical distribution of inbreeding coefficients per ZIP-code for the Valais Blacknose (VBN) sheep.

<p>The mean inbreeding is computed over the last generation interval (2010–2012).</p

Simplified overview of the GENMON Process.

<p>GENMON takes into account five main categories (or indices) aggregated into one final score: pedigree information (pedig-index); introgression (introg); geographic distribution (geog); cryo conservation plan (cryo); socio-economic and environmental information (BAS, standing for breed agriculture sustainability). Some of these indices come from an aggregation of criteria themselves.</p

Link between the different geographic data types (point, polygons and grids).

<p>All components are brought to the ZIP code level. The links are done either by joining attributes (ZIP code number, BFS ID) or according to geometries. BFS ID: unique identifier from the statistical office.</p

Overall GENMON Process.

<p>The process starts with data input followed by criteria processing, integration and aggregation; GI: generation interval, GIS: Geographic Information System, Pedig-Index: index accounting for pedigree and genetic diversity, Introg-Index: introgression index, LAS/BAS Index: Local/Breed Agriculture Sustainability indices, accounting for socio-economic and environmental sustainability of breeding conditions; swisstopo is the Swiss Federal Office of Topography (<a href="http://www.swisstopo.admin.ch/" target="_blank">http://www.swisstopo.admin.ch/</a>, WSL is the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research.</p

Clusters resulting from the bivariate LISA analysis of the frequency of marker M16.

<p>The plot shows the distribution of the clusters obtained from the bivariate LISA analysis of the correlation of the frequency of marker M16 with the weighted values of the environmental variable “number of days with more than 0.1 mm of rain in November”. The colors of the cluster correspond to different spatial autocorrelation regimes: red = high marker frequencies correlated with high mean of environmental variables values measured at the nearest 90 neighbouring farms (see the text for further details); blue = low marker frequency correlated with low environmental variable values; purple = low marker frequency correlated with high environmental variable values; pale red = high marker frequency correlated with low environmental variable values. Locations with frequencies showing no spatial dependence are displayed in white.</p