Biliary cystadenoma and choledochal polyp: a rare association

Biliary cystadenomas are rare, potentially malignant neoplasms of biliary origin occurring predominantly in middle aged women. Here we report a case of biliary cystadenoma in a young female who presented with an epigastric mass and features of obstructive jaundice. Imaging studies showed a mass in the left lobe of liver with dilated intra hepatic biliary ducts, right hepatic duct and common bile duct. Patient was subjected to left hepatectomy and hepatico-jejunostomy. Histopathology confirmed the lesion as biliary cystadenoma with choledochal polyp

A cohort study of lymphatic filariasis on socio economic conditions in Andhra Pradesh, India.

BACKGROUND: To assess the impact of socioeconomic variables on lymphatic filariasis in endemic villages of Karimnagar district, Andhra Pradesh, India. METHODS: A pilot scale study was conducted in 30 villages of Karimnagar district from 2004 to 2007. These villages were selected based on previous reports from department of health, Government of Andhra Pradesh, epidemiology, entomology and socioeconomic survey was conducted as per protocol. Collected data were analysed statistically by Chi square test, Principal Component Analysis, Odds ratio, Bivariate, multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Total of 5,394 blood samples collected and screened for microfilaria, out of which 199 were found to be positive (3.7%). The socioeconomic data of these respondents/participants were correlated with MF prevalence. The socioeconomic variables like educational status (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.6, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.1-6.5), house structure (hut OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.2-3.1; tiled OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.8-2) and participation in mass drug administration program (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.3-2.6) were found to be highly associated with the occurrence of filarial disease. The socioeconomic index was categorized into low (3.6%; OR-1.1, 95% CI: 0.7-1.5) medium (4.9%; OR-1.5, 95% CI = 1-2.1) and high (3.3%) in relation to percentage of filarial parasite prevalence. A significant difference was observed among these three groups while comparing the number of cases of filaria with the type of socioeconomic conditions of the respondents (P = 0.067). CONCLUSIONS: From this study it is inferred that age, education of family, type of house structure and awareness about the filarial disease directly influenced the disease prevalence. Beside annual mass drug administration program, such type of analysis should be undertaken by health officials to target a few socioeconomic factors to reduce the disease burden. Health education campaigns in the endemic villages and imparting of protection measures against mosquitoes using insecticide treated bed nets would substantially reduce the disease in these villages

Influence of socioeconomic aspects on lymphatic filariasis: A case-control study in Andhra Pradesh, India

Background & objectives: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a major public health problem in India. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of socioeconomic conditions on LF in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Methods: A survey was carried out from 2004 to 2007 during which, an epidemiological and socioeconomic data were collected and analysed. The microfilaria (mf) positive samples were taken as cases and matched with control group by sex and age (1:1) for case-control study. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the potential risk factors for filariasis. Using principal component analysis (PCA), a socioeconomic index was developed and the data/scores were classified into low, medium and high categories. Results: In total 5,133 blood smears were collected, of which 77 samples were found positive for microfilaria (1.52%). Multivariate analysis showed that the risk of filariasis was higher in groups of people with income < ₹1000 per month [OR = 2.752 (95%CI, 0.435-17.429)]; ₹ 1000-3000 per month [3.079 (0.923-0.275)]; people living in tiled house structure [1.641 (0.534-5.048)], with kutcha (uncemented) drainage system [19.427 (2.985- 126.410)], respondents who did not implemented mosquito avoidance measures [1.737 (0.563-5.358)]; and in people who were not aware about prevention and control of filariasis [1.042 (0.368-2.956)]. PCA showed that respondents with low (41.6%) and medium (33.8%) socioeconomic status are more prone to filariasis (p=0.036). Interpretation & conclusion: The cross sectional study showed that the population with low and medium socioeconomic status are at higher risk of filariasis. The identified socioeconomic risk factors can be used as a guideline for improving the conditions for effective management of filariasis

An epidemiological and spatiotemporal analysis to identify high risk areas of malaria in Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh, India, 1999-2015

Malaria is a major public health problem in Vishakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh, India. To understand malaria prevalence a retrospective surveillance study was conducted in the district from 1995 to 2015. A total of 204,229 malaria cases were reported from 1999 to 2015. Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are the major parasites that accounted for 66.8% and 33.2% of the total cases. Tribal population (67%) affected more than the coastal population (33%). Similarly, males were affected (56%) more than female (44%) populace and the highest prevalence was observed in > 15 years age group (83.74%). The spatial analysis reveals that the distribution of malaria is having high spatial autocorrelation (0.231 to 0.493) and scan statistics declare that the malaria cases were significantly clustered in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal distribution. The most likely spatiotemporal cluster of malaria (LLR = 26,562.24, RR = 6.62, P < 0.001) occurred in the Northern part of the district covering 11 mandals with the time frame from April 2010 to September 2015. The results confirm that the presence of spatial and space–time clusters concentrated in the North and North-eastern region of the district, which contribute for better understanding of disease spreading dynamics in high-risk areas for future malaria prevention and control.</p

Distribution of microfilaremia prevalence in villages of Karimnagar district of Andhra Pradesh, India.

<p>Distribution of microfilaremia prevalence in villages of Karimnagar district of Andhra Pradesh, India.</p

Data Base Management System for Lymphatic Filariasis - A Neglected Tropical Disease

<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Researchers working in the area of Public Health are being confronted with large volumes of data on various aspects of entomology and epidemiology. To obtain the relevant information out of these data requires particular database management system. In this paper, we have described about the usages of our developed database on lymphatic filariasis.</p> <h3>Methods</h3><p>This database application is developed using Model View Controller (MVC) architecture, with MySQL as database and a web based interface. We have collected and incorporated the data on filariasis in the database from Karimnagar, Chittoor, East and West Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh, India.</p> <h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The importance of this database is to store the collected data, retrieve the information and produce various combinational reports on filarial aspects which in turn will help the public health officials to understand the burden of disease in a particular locality. This information is likely to have an imperative role on decision making for effective control of filarial disease and integrated vector management operations.</p> </div