Design and management considerations for subsurface drip irrigation systems

Presented at the Central Plains irrigation short course and exposition on February 17-18, 1998 at the Camino Inn in North Platte, Nebraska

Design and management considerations for subsurface drip irrigation systems

Presented at the Central Plains irrigation short course and exposition on February 4, 1997 at the Colby Community Building in Colby, Kansas

Design and management considerations for subsurface drip irrigation systems

Presented at the 15th annual Central Plains irrigation conference and exposition proceedings on February 4-5, 2003 at the City Limits Convention Center in Colby, Kansas.Includes bibliographical references

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival

Water productivity of corn and dry bean rotation on very fine sandy loam soil in western Nebraska

Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) was used to irrigate corn and dry beans in a crop rotation study for four years from 2005 to 2008 to evaluate the accumulative effect of irrigation amount on yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE). This study was conducted on a very fine sandy loam soil using a short season corn hybrid typical for the area. Four irrigation treatments based on providing a fraction of the estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc) were evaluated. The treatments were designed to replace a certain percentage of ETc and were denoted as I125, I100, I75, and I50 where the subscript indicates the percentage of ET replacement. The ETc was accumulated, subtracting rain and irrigation amounts, to estimate soil water depletion. Irrigations were made at the various percentages when estimated depletion exceeded the I100 irrigation amount. The average corn yield response to applied irrigation water was 10.5 kg ha-1 mm-1 (excluding the I125 treatment). Corn yield was generally statistically different between the I125 and I100 treatments and each of the I75 and I50 treatments in dry years. Average dry bean yield response to irrigation was 1.5 kg ha-1 mm-1. Dry bean yield was not statistically different. IWUE was calculated by subtracting a representative dryland yield from the measured yield and then dividing by the amount of irrigation water applied. Average IWUE for corn ranged from 17.8 kg ha-1 mm-1 for I125 to 31.1 kg ha-1 mm-1 for I50 and was not statistically different among all treatments overall due to a year interaction. Corn IWUE values were generally statistically different between I50 and I125 in most years. Values for corn IWUE were similar for I100 and I75 treatments. Average IWUE for dry beans ranged from 4.55 kg ha-1 mm-1 for I125 to 9.15 kg ha-1 mm-1 for I50. Bean IWUE values for the I50 irrigation treatment were generally greater than the others, especially in dry years. Maximum corn yield occurred with 300 mm of irrigation water in a wet year and approximately 375 mm in dry years. For this study, dry bean yield was highly variable, partly due to treatments being over-watered when based on ETc estimates developed for sprinkler irrigation. Bean yield showed little increase for irrigation amounts greater than 300 mm. Further research is needed examining smaller levels of irrigation, including dryland treatments, as well as different timing treatments based on actual soil water and crop stage of growth

Design and management considerations for subsurface drip irrigation systems

Presented at the Central Plains irrigation short course and exposition on February 5-6, 2001 at the Holiday Inn in Kearney, Nebraska.Includes bibliographical references

Overcoming the structural versus energy dissipation trade-off in highly crosslinked polymer networks: Ultrahigh strain rate response in polydicyclopentadiene

Ballistic performance, at effective strain rates of (104–105 s-1), for polymeric dicyclopentadiene (pDCPD) was compared with two epoxy resin/diamine systems with comparable glass transition temperatures. The high rate response was characterized in terms of a projectile penetration kinetic energy, KE50, which describes the projectile kinetic energy at a velocity with a 50% probability of sample penetration. pDCPD showed superior penetration resistance, with a 300–400% improvement in ballistic energy dissipation, when compared with the structural epoxy resins. In addition, unlike typical highly crosslinked networks that become brittle at low temperatures, the improved pDCPD performance occurred over a very broad temperature range (55 to 75 ˚C), despite exhibiting a glass transition temperature characteristic of structural resins (~142 ˚C). In addition to the high Tg, pDCPD exhibited a room temperature glassy storage modulus of 1.7 GPa, offering the potential to circumvent the common structural versus energy dissipation trade-off encountered with conventional crosslinked polymers. Quasi-static measurements suggested that the performance of pDCPD is phenomenologically related to higher fracture toughness and lower yield stress relative to typical epoxies, while molecular dynamics simulations suggest the origin is the lack of strong non-covalent interactions and the facile formation of nanoscale voids to accommodate strain in pDCPD

The Fundamentals : a testimony to the truth Vol. 9

The true church / Bishop Ryle The mosaic authorship of the pentateuch / Prof. George Frederick Wright The wisdom of the world / Rev. A.W. Pitzer Holy scripture and modern negations / Prof. James Orr Salvation by grace / Rev. Thomas Spurgeon Divine efficacy of prayer / Authur T. Pierson What Christ teaches concerning future retribution / Rev. Wm. C. Procter A message from missions / Rev. Chas A. Bowen Eddysim : commonly called Christian Science / Rev. Maurice E. Wilsonhttps://digitalcommons.biola.edu/the-fundamentals/1008/thumbnail.jp