Proteggere e Valorizzare: una buona pratica per i siti archeologici

Tra i beni culturali quelli archeologici hanno pi\uf9 animato il dibattito culturale sul rapporto tra conservazione e loro messa in valore. La fragilit\ue0 con cui la materia ci viene consegnata dalla storia, la frammentariet\ue0 del reperto, la scarsa disponibilit\ue0 di risorse finanziarie, anche in relazione alla vastit\ue0 del patrimonio a noi pervenuto, impongono interventi mirati e talvolta urgenti per la salvaguardia e la conservazione dei beni archeologici. Ma la sola conservazione non pu\uf2 per\uf2 costituire l\u2019obiettivo ultimo dell\u2019intervento: poich\ue9 i beni archeologici rappresentano il nostro lontano passato \ue8 anche necessario recuperarne il valore e comunicarne l\u2019identit\ue0. La conoscenza storica, stratigrafica, geometrica, materica, e tecnologica di tali beni costituisce il presupposto per progettare coperture di protezione, capaci di assolvere alla duplice istanza di conservazione e di fruizione del bene stesso che, attraverso nuove forme e strumenti di comunicazione, potr\ue0 riappropriarsi della perduta identit\ue0 e vedere riconosciuto il proprio valore. Il presente contributo fornisce elementi e strumenti di riflessione per valutare sistemi di protezione dei beni archeologici, gi\ue0 nella fase pre-progettuale dell\u2019intervento di conservazione e di messa in valore.Historical, geometrical, material, stratigraphic and technological knowledge of the item constitute the prerequisites for project-design of protective shelters that are capable of performing the dual roles of conservation and fruition of the item, which, through new forms and instruments of communication, will be able to re-possess its lost identity and have its real value acknowledged. This contribution provides elements for reflection, also utilizing previously completed and consolidated interventions, for the evaluation of systems of protection of archaeological heritage in the pre-design phase of the interventions of conservation and valorization

Diabetes and premature death

Sem informação6511

Cardiovascular effects of Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists

Patients with type 2 diabetes have a several-fold increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease when compared with nondiabetic controls. Myocardial infarction and stroke are responsible for 75% of all death in patients with diabetes, who present a 2-4× increased incidence of death from coronary artery disease. Patients with diabetes are considered for cardiovascular disease secondary prevention because their risk level is similar to that reported in patients without diabetes who have already suffered a myocardial infarction. More recently, with a better risk factors control, mainly in intensive LDL cholesterol targets with statins, a significant decrease in acute cardiovascular events was observed in population with diabetes. Together with other major risk factors, type 2 diabetes must be considered as an important cause of cardiovascular disease. Glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists represent a novel class of anti-hyperglycemic agents that have a cardiac-friendly profile, preserve neuronal cells and inhibit neuronal degeneration, an anti-inflammatory effect in liver protecting it against steatosis, increase insulin sensitivity, promote weight loss, and increase satiety or anorexia. This review is intended to rationally compile the multifactorial cardiovascular effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists available for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes

Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetic patients

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic pathologies around the world, involving treatment with general clinicians, endocrinologists, cardiologists, ophthalmologists, nephrologists and a multidisciplinary team. Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) can be affected by cardiac autonomic neuropathy, leading to increased mortality and morbidity. In this review, we will present current concepts, clinical features, diagnosis, prognosis, and possible treatment. New drugs recently developed to reduce glycemic level presented a pleiotropic effect of reducing sudden death, suggesting a potential use in patients at risk.651566

Which marketing condition makes organic products more accessible? A case study in Brazil.

Abstract: Concern over health and environmental and social problems generated by the production of conventional agricultural products, promotes expansion of the organic market. At the same time, it is necessary to understand how and under which conditions the market valorises local production, strengthening organic family farming. This study analyses the commercialisation of organic food production in Vitoria (Brazil), evaluating the diversity and prices of these products in different marketing channels, such as supermarkets, grocery stores and organic farmers markets. It also compares the price of organic products with conventional products in these establishments. The results demonstrated that organic farmers markets had the greatest product diversity, in addition tobetter prices. It concluded that this channel valorises organic family production, helping to empower producers and promoting access to healthy food for local consumers, meeting the goals of Organic 3.0

Recupero di un'area dismessa a Siracusa

The article describes the proposed redevelopment of a derelict industrial zone in Siracusa, through interventions on ten buildings destined to become tourist and hotel accommodation. The types of installation, materials and buildings techniques to be employed will render the proposed salvage operation sustainable, along with innovative technology and bio-architecture, the use of renewable energy source, all in accordance with the principle of energy-saving

Agricultura orgânica do estado do Espírito Santo: diversidade e comercialização de seus produtos na região metropolitana de Vitória.

Resumo: O presente estudo apresenta a análise da diversidade das formas de comercialização de produtos orgânicos em Vitória (ES), além da discussão sobre essa temática da pesquisa. O objetivo é entender como e em que condições o mercado valoriza a produção local, fortalece a produção familiar ecológica e a soberania alimentar. A metodologia da pesquisa levou em consideração dados quantitativos e qualitativos, utilizando informações públicas disponíveis e dados adquiridos na pesquisa de campo. A avaliação mostra que os produtos orgânicos são comercializados por vendas diretas, em feiras livres de orgânicos e feiras de exposição, e por vendas indiretas em supermercados, lojas especializadas e restaurantes. Dentre os canais de comercialização avaliados, foram as feiras livres de produtos orgânicos que apresentaram a maior diversidade de produtos, além do melhor preço, que foi até cinco vezes menor do que nos supermercados. Ainda, os preços dos produtos orgânicos, quando comparado com os convencionais equivalentes, apresentaram-se sempre com valores maiores em canais de comercialização indiretos. Porém, entre feiras livres convencionais e orgânicas encontraram-se preços de produtos orgânicos maiores, iguais ou menores que seus equivalentes convencionais. Portanto, conclui-se que esse canal de comercialização valoriza a produção familiar orgânica, promovendo o empoderamento dos produtores familiares e o acesso à alimentação saudável para o consumidor local.Dissertação (Mestrado em Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Rural) - Programa de Pós-graduação em Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Rural, UFSCar, Araras. Orientadora: Lucimar Santiago de Abreu (CNPMA)

Hydrologic Transport of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon and Its Control on Chemical Weathering

Chemical weathering is one of the major processes interacting with climate and tectonics to form clays, supply nutrients to soil microorganisms and plants, and sequester atmospheric CO2. Hydrology and dissolution kinetics have been emphasized as factors controlling chemical weathering rates. However, the interaction between hydrology and transport of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in controlling weathering has received less attention. In this paper, we present an analytical model that couples subsurface water and chemical molar balance equations to analyze the roles of hydrology and DIC transport on chemical weathering. The balance equations form a dynamical system that fully determines the dynamics of the weathering zone chemistry as forced by the transport of DIC. The model is formulated specifically for the silicate mineral albite, but it can be extended to other minerals, and is studied as a function of percolation rate and water transit time. Three weathering regimes are elucidated. For very small or large values of transit time, the weathering is limited by reaction kinetics or transport, respectively. For intermediate values, the system is transport controlled and is sensitive to transit time. We apply the model to a series of watersheds for which we estimate transit times and identify the type of weathering regime. The results suggest that hydrologic transport of DIC may be as important as reaction kinetics and dilution in determining chemical weathering rates

Not simply a matter of fish intake

Recent findings have highlighted enhanced fish consumption as a potential measure to increase intake of healthy fatty acids, particularly omega-3. The generalizability of this recommendation, however, may fall short of differences in fish species and cooking techniques. Hence, we investigated how these 2 variables affect the lipid content in fish flesh. Nine species of freshwater, deep sea or shore fish were grilled, steamed or fried with or without the addition of soybean oil, olive oil or butter. The lipid composition was analysed and a significant difference was observed in cholesterol, saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids and omega-6 fatty acids contents between species (p<0.05). The use of soybean or olive oil was associated with a significant change in flesh concentration of polyunsaturated, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids (p<0.05). This study calls attention to the specific lipid content that must be expected from different fish species and cooking techniques135676678CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPsem informação2012/18044-

Dysfunctional high-density lipoproteins in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications

High density lipoproteins (HDLs) are commonly known for their anti-atherogenic properties that include functions such as the promotion of cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport, as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, because of some chronic inflammatory diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), significant changes occur in HDLs in terms of both structure and composition. These alterations lead to the loss of HDLs’ physiological functions, to transformation into dysfunctional lipoproteins, and to increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review, we describe the main HDL structural/functional alterations observed in T2DM and the molecular mechanisms involved in these T2DM-derived modifications. Finally, the main available therapeutic interventions targeting HDL in diabetes are discussed