Outstanding universal value vs zoning regulations : Willemstad as case-study

Even though World Heritage cities are of global importance, the management of World Heritage is often the responsibility of local authorities. The Operational Guidelines of UNESCO cover a great part of the management process for these properties of Outstanding Universal Value, but leave out how they should be managed on national and local levels. This article aims to contribute to the enhancement of the currently implemented management practices for the World Heritage city of Willemstad, Curaçao. The documents produced during and after the process of nomination of Willemstad have been surveyed in search for the justifications on its Outstanding Universal Value. This paper aims to demonstrate that the management of a World Heritage City can be fostered by making use of the information compiled in the official documents prepared for the nomination and, if applicable, during the protection process

Enhancing the Outstanding Universal Value assessment practices of Willemstad

Like any other city, World Heritage (WH) Cities have a constant need for development. The challenge is to accommodate the needs of society without compromising their cultural significance, without compromising their Outstanding Universal Value (OUV). New interventions in architecture and urban development and the absence of dynamics pressure properties inscribed at the WH list. These dynamics bring new challenges to urban heritage conservation, especially because instead of enhancing, these developments are often jeopardizing the OUV of WH Cities.In order to reconcile the development and conservation of these protected zones, their potential impact on the OUV needs to be assessed in a more systematic and objective manner. This paper proposes enhancements to the OUV assessment practices undertaken at the WH City ofWillemstad, Curayao, Netherlands Antilles, by revealing the management process, the cultural values and significant attributes, as well as, its current threats.

Enhancing the Outstanding Universal Value assessment practices of Willemstad

Like any other city, World Heritage (WH) Cities have a constant need for development. The challenge is to accommodate the needs of society without compromising their cultural significance, without compromising their Outstanding Universal Value (OUV). New interventions in architecture and urban development and the absence of dynamics pressure properties inscribed at the WH list. These dynamics bring new challenges to urban heritage conservation, especially because instead of enhancing, these developments are often jeopardizing the OUV of WH Cities.In order to reconcile the development and conservation of these protected zones, their potential impact on the OUV needs to be assessed in a more systematic and objective manner. This paper proposes enhancements to the OUV assessment practices undertaken at the WH City ofWillemstad, Curayao, Netherlands Antilles, by revealing the management process, the cultural values and significant attributes, as well as, its current threats.

Outstanding universal value vs zoning regulations : Willemstad as case-study

Even though World Heritage cities are of global importance, the management of World Heritage is often the responsibility of local authorities. The Operational Guidelines of UNESCO cover a great part of the management process for these properties of Outstanding Universal Value, but leave out how they should be managed on national and local levels. This article aims to contribute to the enhancement of the currently implemented management practices for the World Heritage city of Willemstad, Curaçao. The documents produced during and after the process of nomination of Willemstad have been surveyed in search for the justifications on its Outstanding Universal Value. This paper aims to demonstrate that the management of a World Heritage City can be fostered by making use of the information compiled in the official documents prepared for the nomination and, if applicable, during the protection process

Enhancing the Outstanding Universal Value assessment practices of Willemstad

Like any other city, World Heritage (WH) Cities have a constant need for development. The challenge is to accommodate the needs of society without compromising their cultural significance, without compromising their Outstanding Universal Value (OUV). New interventions in architecture and urban development and the absence of dynamics pressure properties inscribed at the WH list. These dynamics bring new challenges to urban heritage conservation, especially because instead of enhancing, these developments are often jeopardizing the OUV of WH Cities.In order to reconcile the development and conservation of these protected zones, their potential impact on the OUV needs to be assessed in a more systematic and objective manner. This paper proposes enhancements to the OUV assessment practices undertaken at the WH City ofWillemstad, Curayao, Netherlands Antilles, by revealing the management process, the cultural values and significant attributes, as well as, its current threats.

Detecting somatoform disorders in primary care with the PHQ-15.

Contains fulltext : 80228.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)PURPOSE: Because recognition and management of patients with somatoform disorders are difficult, we wanted to determine the specificity, sensitivity, and the test-retest reliability of the 15-symptom Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15) for detection of somatoform disorders in a high-risk primary care population. METHODS: We studied the performance of the PHQ-15 in comparison with the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV Axis I disorders (SCID-I) as a reference standard. From January through September 2006, we approached patients for participation. This study was conducted in primary care settings in the Netherlands. Patients aged between 18 and 70 years were eligible if they belonged to 1 or more of the following groups: (1) patients with unexplained somatic complaints, (2) frequent attenders, and (3) patients with mental health problems. For the SCID-I interview we invited all patients with a PHQ-15 score of 6 or greater and a random sample of 30% of patients with a PHQ-15 score of less than 6. The primary study outcomes were the sensitivity and specificity for the validity and the kappa coefficient for the test-retest reliability. RESULTS: Of 2,147 eligible patients, 906 (42%) participated (mean age 48 years, 62% female). At a cutoff level of 3 or more severe somatic symptoms during the past 4 weeks, sensitivity was 78% and specificity 71%. The test-retest reliability was 0.60. CONCLUSIONS: The PHQ-15 is a valid and moderately reliable questionnaire for the detection of patients in a primary care setting at risk for somatoform disorders

Adding mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to maintenance antidepressant medication for prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depressive disorder: Randomised controlled trial

Item does not contain fulltextBACKGROUND: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and maintenance antidepressant medication (mADM) both reduce the risk of relapse in recurrent depression, but their combination has not been studied. Our aim was to investigate whether the addition of MBCT to mADM is a more effective prevention strategy than mADM alone. METHODS: This study is one of two multicenter randomised trials comparing the combination of MBCT and mADM to either intervention on its own. In the current trial, recurrently depressed patients in remission who had been using mADM for 6 months or longer (n=68), were randomly allocated to either MBCT+mADM (n=33) or mADM alone (n=35). Primary outcome was depressive relapse/recurrence within 15 months. Key secondary outcomes were time to relapse/recurrence and depression severity. Analyses were based on intention-to-treat. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the groups on any of the outcome measures. LIMITATIONS: The current study included patients who had recovered from depression with mADM and who preferred the certainty of continuing medication to the possibility of participating in MBCT. Lower expectations of mindfulness in the current trial, compared with the parallel trial, may have caused selection bias. In addition, recruitment was hampered by the increasing availability of MBCT in the Netherlands, and even about a quarter of participants included in the trial who were allocated to the control group chose to get MBCT elsewhere. CONCLUSIONS: For this selection of recurrently depressed patients in remission and using mADM for 6 months or longer, MBCT did not further reduce their risk for relapse/recurrence or their (residual) depressive symptoms8 p