A Systematic Review of Grounded Theory Methodology: Re-Grounding in Weber

Grounded theory is considered one of the most rigorous methodologies in qualitative research. Debate on its philosophical paradigm has trended toward endless over the past 50 years, as it was not clarified in its first canon. Scholars from multiple disciplines and philosophical backgrounds have contributed throughout its development, necessitating a comparison of the evolving dynamics of philosophies in the key grounded theory methodological schools. This article provides a systematic comparison at both substantive and formal levels, analyzing the philosophical approaches and methodological designs of Glaser, Strauss and Corbin, and Charmaz. The philosophical paradigms chosen by these three key schools and how they are perceived by researchers who adopted grounded theory methodology are presented. Formal grounded theory methodological design is limited in comparison to substantive grounded theory methodology. A novel Weberian approach is proposed to re-ground formal grounded theory methodology; contributing to initial grounded theory methodological design

Passive detection of moving aerial target based on multiple collaborative GPS satellites

Passive localization is an important part of intelligent surveillance in security and emergency applications. Nowadays, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) have been widely deployed. As a result, the satellite signal receiver may receive multiple GPS signals simultaneously, incurring echo signal detection failure. Therefore, in this paper, a passive method leveraging signals from multiple GPS satellites is proposed for moving aerial target detection. In passive detection, the first challenge is the interference caused by multiple GPS signals transmitted upon the same spectrum resources. To address this issue, successive interference cancellation (SIC) is utilized to separate and reconstruct multiple GPS signals on the reference channel. Moreover, on the monitoring channel, direct wave and multi-path interference are eliminated by extensive cancellation algorithm (ECA). After interference from multiple GPS signals is suppressed, the cycle cross ambiguity function (CCAF) of the signal on the monitoring channel is calculated and coordinate transformation method is adopted to map multiple groups of different time delay-Doppler spectrum into the distance−velocity spectrum. The detection statistics are calculated by the superposition of multiple groups of distance-velocity spectrum. Finally, the echo signal is detected based on a properly defined adaptive detection threshold. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method. They show that the detection probability of our proposed method can reach 99%, when the echo signal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is only −64 dB. Moreover, our proposed method can achieve 5 dB improvement over the detection method using a single GPS satellite

Modulation parameter estimation of LFM interference for direct sequence spread spectrum communication system in alpha-stable noise

The linear frequency modulation (LFM) interference is one of the typical broadband interferences in direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) communication system. In this article, a novel modulation parameter estimation method of LFM interference is proposed for the DSSS communication system in alpha-stable noise. To accurately estimate the modulation parameters, the alpha-stable noise should be eliminated first. Thus, we formulate a new generalized extended linear chirplet transform to suppress the alpha-stable noise, for a robust time-frequency, transformation of LFM interference is realized. Then, using the Radon transform, the maximum value after transformation and the chirp rate according to the angle related to the maximum value are estimated. In addition, a generalized Fourier transform is introduced to estimate the initial frequency of the LFM interference. For the performance analysis, the Cramér-Rao lower bounds of the estimated chirp rate and the initial frequency of the LFM interference in the presence of alpha-stable noise are derived. Moreover, the asymptotic properties of the modulation parameter estimator are analyzed. Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed parameter estimation method significantly outperforms existing methods, especially in a low SNR regime

History, Development, and Enlightenment of Adapted Physical Education National Standards

As the total number and proportion of individuals with disabilities worldwide are increasing, the international community is paying more and more attention to the equal education rights of individuals with disabilities. Since the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act issued in 1975, physical education (PE) played a significant part in special education. According to the requirements of the United States federal legislation, a national certification examination system has been established and developed subsequently to better promote the development of physical education for children with disabilities. The National Consortium for Physical Education for Individuals with Disabilities (NCPEID) has formulated the Adapted Physical Education National Standards (APENS). The first version of APENS was developed in 1995 to certify adaptive sports professionals across the United States. The second edition came out in 2006. In addition, many undergraduate and graduate teacher education programs use APENS as a basis for preparatory courses. At some universities, completion of APENS has become a graduation requirement. The NCPEID reviews APENS every few years to keep it up to date, and it also reviews national tests as needed to reflect current knowledge and practice. This paper was to understand the primary contents of APENS. We found that the APENS include Human Development, Motor Behavior, Exercise Science, Measurement and Evaluation, History and Philosophy, Unique Attributes of Learners, Curriculum Theory and Development, Instructional Design and Planning, Teaching, Consultation and Staff Development, Student and Program Evaluation, Continuing Education, Ethics and Communication. These standard fields guide teachers, administrators, and families in basic knowledge, skills, and attitudes. In addition, the establishment of APENS has reference value and significance for the system construction, legal regulations, discipline construction, personnel training, peer education, community support, and other aspects of PE for individuals with disabilities in China

How does technological system design affect value creation? A systematic literature review of digital co-production

The existing studies on co-production display two research gaps. First, most studies focus on non-digital/offline co-production and value creation; little attention has been paid to value creation of digital/online co-production cases. Second, traditional co-production studies examine political, organizational, administrative, and personal factors that influence co-production. However, few studies investigate how technological factors will affect co-production in terms of value creation. To bridge the gaps, this article conducts a systematic literature review of 52 articles. The review results distill seven technological factors and five value categories from digital co-production cases. It further examines how these technological factors affect the creation of various value categories. Based on the review results, this article proposes a future research agenda on digital co-production

Vliv kalendářního efektu na trh s kryptoměnami

With the continuous development of financial markets, the traditional financial theory and the reality of the financial market are often colliding. Traditional financial theories based on investor rationality and efficient markets have been challenged like never before. A large number of empirical studies also show that financial investments are affected by subjective factors, such as peoples‘ behavior and feelings. Behavioral finance is a relatively new theoretical field compared to traditional financial theory, integrating theories of psychology, especially the behavioral sciences, into finance. Trading in the cryptocurrency market has gained momentum over the past few years and has become a new investment venue for investors, while understanding the calendar anomalies that may exist in the market can help investors adopt better investment strategy. The goal of this thesis is to examine the presence of the day of the week effect and the month of the year effect on the cryptocurrency market and try to give possible explanations from the perspective of behavioral finance, giving investors a better understanding of the cryptocurrency market. The goal was achieved by testing of the effects on three well-known cryptocurrencies-Bitcoin, Ethereum, and XRP. Results of statistical tests as well as GARCH model showed that the calendar effect was not so strong, or even didn´t exist, within used data sample.With the continuous development of financial markets, the traditional financial theory and the reality of the financial market are often colliding. Traditional financial theories based on investor rationality and efficient markets have been challenged like never before. A large number of empirical studies also show that financial investments are affected by subjective factors, such as peoples‘ behavior and feelings. Behavioral finance is a relatively new theoretical field compared to traditional financial theory, integrating theories of psychology, especially the behavioral sciences, into finance. Trading in the cryptocurrency market has gained momentum over the past few years and has become a new investment venue for investors, while understanding the calendar anomalies that may exist in the market can help investors adopt better investment strategy. The goal of this thesis is to examine the presence of the day of the week effect and the month of the year effect on the cryptocurrency market and try to give possible explanations from the perspective of behavioral finance, giving investors a better understanding of the cryptocurrency market. The goal was achieved by testing of the effects on three well-known cryptocurrencies-Bitcoin, Ethereum, and XRP. Results of statistical tests as well as GARCH model showed that the calendar effect was not so strong, or even didn´t exist, within used data sample.154 - Katedra financívýborn

Srovnání spotřebitelských úvěrů a P2P úvěrování v Číně

In recent years, China's economic development is sound, promoting the arrival of the era of financial technology. The progress and innovation of financial technology have brought great impact and challenge to China's banking industry. Consumer credit, the main source of revenue for commercial Banks, has been hardest hit. With its technical advantages, Internet finance can accurately analyze and predict customers' risk appetite and potential financial needs. P2P lending is an indispensable part of Internet finance. The rapid development of P2P lending in China has also had a negative impact on bank lending. At present, there is a competitive relationship between P2P lending and commercial bank lending. Studying the long-term stability of this relationship is conducive to the stable and healthy development of China's financial market. The purpose of this paper is to make a comprehensive comparison between bank consumer loans and P2P lending in China. Several different Chinese Banks and P2P lending platforms are selected for detailed comparison. Based on the multi-criteria decision analysis method, we found the best choice of customer loan. There are many big Banks in China, and P2P lending is also developing rapidly in China, so it is necessary for consumers to make more favorable choices. This paper is divided into five chapters. The first part is the introduction of the paper. The second part is the introduction of the characteristics of China's banking industry. The third chapter is the characteristics of financial technology and banking products. The fourth chapter will use the multi-criteria analysis method to compare China's bank consumer loans and P2P lending. The last chapter is the conclusion of this paper.In recent years, China's economic development is sound, promoting the arrival of the era of financial technology. The progress and innovation of financial technology have brought great impact and challenge to China's banking industry. Consumer credit, the main source of revenue for commercial Banks, has been hardest hit. With its technical advantages, Internet finance can accurately analyze and predict customers' risk appetite and potential financial needs. P2P lending is an indispensable part of Internet finance. The rapid development of P2P lending in China has also had a negative impact on bank lending. At present, there is a competitive relationship between P2P lending and commercial bank lending. Studying the long-term stability of this relationship is conducive to the stable and healthy development of China's financial market. The purpose of this paper is to make a comprehensive comparison between bank consumer loans and P2P lending in China. Several different Chinese Banks and P2P lending platforms are selected for detailed comparison. Based on the multi-criteria decision analysis method, we found the best choice of customer loan. There are many big Banks in China, and P2P lending is also developing rapidly in China, so it is necessary for consumers to make more favorable choices. This paper is divided into five chapters. The first part is the introduction of the paper. The second part is the introduction of the characteristics of China's banking industry. The third chapter is the characteristics of financial technology and banking products. The fourth chapter will use the multi-criteria analysis method to compare China's bank consumer loans and P2P lending. The last chapter is the conclusion of this paper.154 - Katedra financívýborn

Collective Flows in a Transport Approach

We introduce a transport approach at fixed shear viscosity to entropy ratio \etas to study the generation of collective flows in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Transport theory supplies a covariant approach valid also at large \etas and at intermediate transverse momentum $p_T$, where deviations from equilibrium is no longer negligible. Such an approach shows that at RHIC energies a temperature dependent \etas enhances significantly the $v_4/v_2^2$ respect to the case of constant \etas. Furthermore if NJL chiral dynamics is self-consistently implemented we show that it does not modify the relation between $v_2$ and \etas.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of Hot Quarks 2010, 21-26 June 2010 Las Londe Les Maures; to appear in Journal of Physics: Conference Serie

Highly-Accurate Electricity Load Estimation via Knowledge Aggregation

Mid-term and long-term electric energy demand prediction is essential for the planning and operations of the smart grid system. Mainly in countries where the power system operates in a deregulated environment. Traditional forecasting models fail to incorporate external knowledge while modern data-driven ignore the interpretation of the model, and the load series can be influenced by many complex factors making it difficult to cope with the highly unstable and nonlinear power load series. To address the forecasting problem, we propose a more accurate district level load prediction model Based on domain knowledge and the idea of decomposition and ensemble. Its main idea is three-fold: a) According to the non-stationary characteristics of load time series with obvious cyclicality and periodicity, decompose into series with actual economic meaning and then carry out load analysis and forecast. 2) Kernel Principal Component Analysis(KPCA) is applied to extract the principal components of the weather and calendar rule feature sets to realize data dimensionality reduction. 3) Give full play to the advantages of various models based on the domain knowledge and propose a hybrid model(XASXG) based on Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model(ARIMA), support vector regression(SVR) and Extreme gradient boosting model(XGBoost). With such designs, it accurately forecasts the electricity demand in spite of their highly unstable characteristic. We compared our method with nine benchmark methods, including classical statistical models as well as state-of-the-art models based on machine learning, on the real time series of monthly electricity demand in four Chinese cities. The empirical study shows that the proposed hybrid model is superior to all competitors in terms of accuracy and prediction bias

Paste structure and rheological properties of lotus seed starch–glycerin monostearate complexes formed by high-pressure homogenization

peer-reviewedStarch–lipid complexes were prepared using lotus seed starch (LS) and glycerin monostearate (GMS) via a high-pressure homogenization (HPH) process, and the effect of HPH on the paste structure and rheological properties of LS–GMS was investigated. Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) profiles showed that HPH treatment inhibited the formation of the second viscosity peak of the LS–GMS paste, and the extent of this change was dependent on the level of homogenized pressure. Analysis of the size-exclusion chromatography, light microscopy, and low-field 1H nuclear magnetic resonance results revealed that high homogenized pressure (70–100 MPa) decreased molecular weight and size by degrading the branch structure of amylopectin; however, intact LS–GMS granules can optimize the network structure by filler–matrix interaction, which causes free water to transition into immobile water in the starch paste. The steady-shear results showed that the LS–GMS pastes presented non-Newtonian shear-thinning behavior, with higher homogenized pressure producing a smaller hysteresis loop area. During the oscillation process, the LS–GMS pastes prepared at 100 MPa exhibited the lowest loss tangent values in all the complexes, indicating a stronger resistance to vibration