Development and evaluation of wafer loaded with sertaconazole solid dispersion for the treatment of oral candidiasis

Candidiasis is one of the most common fungal infections of oral cavity in humans, causing great oral discomfort, pain and aversion to food. To develop more effective antifungal systems for the treatment of oral candidiasis, an oral mucoadhesive wafer containing sertaconazole solid dispersion (STZ-SD) was developed in this study. Dispersion of STZ in Soluplus® as a solubility enhancement excipient was done by melting, solvent evaporation and freeze drying method at various STZ to Soluplus® ratios. The optimized STZ-SD was then incorporated in the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) gel, xanthan gum gel, or their combination to prepare the lyophilized wafers. The swelling capacity, porosity, and mechanical, release and mucoadhesive properties of the wafers, together with their antifungal activity, were then evaluated. The melting method sample with the ratio of 8:1 showed the best results in terms of saturation solubility and dissolution rate. The STZ-SD-composite wafer exhibited higher hardness and mucoadhesion, as compared to those made of the SCMC polymer. The STZ-SD-wafer also exhibited a greater antifungal effect when compared to the STZ-wafer. The present study, thus, suggested that the STZ-SD-wafer could serve as a novel effective delivery system for oral candidiasis treatment

The Effect of Service Quality Dimensions on Customer Satisfaction: A Case Study of Saderat Bank of Iran

Caring customer opinions and paying attention to its beliefs not only leads to organization attachment, but also causes the customer feels a component of the organization; therefore, such satisfaction may also be the key to bank achievement.  Thus, the objective of the present research is to study the relationship between quality of service dimensions and customer satisfaction in different branches of Saderat Bank in Shiraz. This is an applied research in term of objective and is a survey in term of data collection. Data were collected through using questionnaire. Moreover, variables’ reliability was examined using Cronbach alpha coefficient. Data analysis and research hypothesis testing were conducted using SPSS software and t-student and binominal tests. Research findings indicate that all quality of service dimensions (quality of Service, customer accessibility, service characteristic/feature, and considering customer complaints) influence customer satisfaction in Saderat Bank branches

Synthesis and Evaluation of Antiproliferative Activity of Substituted N-(9-oxo-9H-xanthen-4-yl)benzenesulfonamides

Several novel N-(9-oxo-9H-xanthen-4-yl)benzenesulfonamides derivatives were prepared as potential antiproliferative agents. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of the synthesized compounds was investigated against a panel of tumor cell lines including breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, T-47D) and neuroblastoma cell line (SK-N-MC) using MTT colorimetric assay. Etoposide, a well-known anticancer drug, was used as a positive standard drug. Among synthesized compounds, 4-methoxy-N-(9-oxo-9H-xanthen-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (5i) showed the highest antiproliferative activity against MDA-MB-231, T-47D, and SK-N-MC cells. Furthermore, pentafluoro derivatives 5a and 6a exhibited higher antiproliferative activity than doxorubicin against human leukemia cell line (CCRF-CEM) and breast adenocarcinoma (MDAMB- 468) cells. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that xanthone benzenesulfonamide hybrid compounds can be used for development of new lead anticancer agents

Synthesis and Evaluation of Cytotoxic Activity of Substituted N-(9-oxo-9H-xanthen-4-yl)benzenesulfonamides

Several novel N-(9-oxo-9H-xanthen-4-yl)benzenesulfonamides derivatives were prepared as potential antiproliferative agents. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of the synthesized compounds was investigated against a panel of tumor cell lines including breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, T-47D) and neuroblastoma cell line (SK-N-MC) using MTT colorimetric assay. Etoposide, a well-known anticancer drug, was used as a positive standard drug. Among synthesized compounds, 4-methoxy-N-(9-oxo-9H-xanthen-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (5i) showed the highest antiproliferative activity against MDA-MB-231, T-47D, and SK-N-MC cells. Furthermore, pentafluoro derivatives 5a and 6a exhibited higher antiproliferative activity than doxorubicin against human leukemia cell line (CCRF-CEM) and breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-468) cells. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that xanthone benzenesulfonamide hybrid compounds can be used for development of new lead anticancer agents

On Perfect2-Coloring of the Bicubic Graphs with Order up to12

A perfect coloring of a graphGwithmcolor (a perfectm-coloring) is a surjective mappingP:V(G)→ {1,2, . . . , m}such thateach vertex of colorihas exactlymijneighbors of colorj, for alli, j,whereM= (mij)i,j=1,2,...,mis the corresponding matrix. In this paper,we classify perfect2-colorings of the bicubic graphs with order up to1

Evaluation of diagnostically difficult impacted maxillary canines in orthodontic patients and its effect on the root of adjacent teeth using cone beam computed tomography

Purpose: To evaluate the morphology of apical portion of impacted maxillary canines and their effects on root resorption of adjacent teeth as well as their locations and inclinations with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in an individual group of orthodontic patients. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 71 diagnostically difficult impacted canines of 55 orthodontic patients were studied with CBCT images. In this group, the orthodontic treatment approaches for eruption of their impacted teeth were not successful. A radiologist opined about the angulation, the position of apical and coronal portion of maxillary canine tooth, resorption of adjacent teeth as well as existence of apical hook and root curvature in reconstructed images. The simultaneous existence of hook and root resorption with other data was subjected to statistical analysis by Chi-square and Fisher′s Exact tests. Results: In this cross-sectional study, the position of crown in buccopalatal dimension were respectively 16.9, 73.2 and 9.9% in buccal, palatal and middle portion of the alveolar bone. Apical hook was seen in 28.2% of cases. Root resorption of the adjacent teeth was induced in 32.3% of the cases, 69.6% of which were slight. Overall, there were no significant statistical differences between the presence of hook, and the positions and angulations of impacted teeth. Conclusions: Apical and palatal positions of crowns of the impacted maxillary canines were the most common locations in the selected groups. The possibility of root resorption of adjacent teeth could be related to angulation of impacted tooth

The protective effect of Nigella sativa against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

Objective: The clinical use of cisplatin is highly restricted, because of its nephrotoxicity.In this study the protective effect of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity was investigated in rats. Materials and Methods: In the current study, the effects of the administration of aqueous-ethanolic extract of N. sativa (100 and 200 mg/kg, BW) and vitamin E (100 mg/kg, BW) against blood and urine biochemical alterations and kidney function in rats treated with cisplatin were investigated. Cisplatin was injected at a dose of 6 mg/kg, BW, on the sixth day of the experiment. Results: The results indicated significant changes in serum urea and creatinine concentration, urine glucose concentration, and urine output in cisplatin group compared with control group. Serum urea and creatinine concentration in preventive and preventive+treatment vitamin E and preventive+treatment N. sativa (200 mg/kg, BW) groups and also serum creatinine concentration in preventive+treatment N. sativa (100 mg/kg, BW) group significantly decreased compared with cisplatin group. Urine glucose concentration in preventive and preventive+treatment N. sativa groups and urine output in preventive and preventive+treatment N. sativa (200 mg/kg, BW) groups significantly decreased compared with cisplatin group.Osmolarity excretion rate in preventive and preventive+treatment vitamin E and preventive N. sativa groups was significantly higher than control group. Conclusions: The current study suggests that N. sativa extract and vitamin E in a dose- and time-dependent manner improved the serum and urine biochemical parameters and kidney function in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. However, it needs more investigations to determine the mechanism of N. sativa action on cisplatin-induced kidney toxicity

Effect of commercial (vimang) and hydroalcoholic extract of Mangifera indica (Mango) on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rat

Objectives: Mangifera indica (Mango) is used in folk medicine for treatment of different types of diseases, and its anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging activities have been demonstrated. The present study evaluated the effects of commercial (vimang) and hydroalcoholic extract of Mango on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rat. Materials and Methods: Female Wistar rats were treated with vimang (50 and 100 mg/kg) for 18 days, or hydroalcoholic extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) for 18 days as preventive groups and others with vimang (100 mg/kg) for 8 days, or hydroalcoholic extract (400 mg/kg) for 8 days as treatment groups and also gentamicin (GM) was used at 80 mg/kg/day for eight days, starting from day 10. At the end of treatment, blood and urine samples were taken for measurement of creatinine (Cr) and BUN. The kidney was prepared for histological evaluation. Results: Serum Cr and urea concentrations as well as renal tissue injury increased significantly in GM group compared with the control group. Hydroalcoholic extract of Mango at 200mg/kg was able to reduce plasma Cr and urea concentrations significantly as well as kidney tissue necrosis. Vimang (50 and 100 mg/kg) and hydroalcoholic extract of Mango (200mg/kg) also prevented kidney tissue damage compared with the control group. Conclusion: Mango products were able to improve kidney function in an established model of GM-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat. The beneficial effects of Mango on the rat kidney seem to be dose and time-dependent. However, more investigations are needed to elucidate Mango action on GM-induced renal toxicity

Effect of Nigella sativa on ischemia-reperfusion induced rat kidney damage

Objective(s):There are a few previously reported studies about the effect of Nigella sativa oil on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis whether pre- or post-treatment with N. sativa hydroalcoholic extract (NSE) would reduce tissue injury and oxidative damages in a clinically relevant rat model of renal IRI.    Materials and Methods: IRI was induced by clamping of bilateral renal arteries for 40 min fallowed by reperfusion for 180 min. NSE was prepared in a Soxhlet extractor and administrated with doses of 150 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg at 1 hr before ischemia induction (P-150 and 300) or at the beginning of reperfusion phase (T-150 and 300), via jugular catheter intravenously. The kidneys were then removed and subjected to biochemical analysis, comet assay or histopathological examination. Results: The kidneys of untreated IRI rats had a higher histopathological score (