Fibro-osseous lesion of maxilla. Report of two cases in a family with review of literature

Fibrous dysplasia is a disturbance of bone metabolism that is classified as a benign fibro-osseous lesion. Fibrous connective tissue containing abnormal bone, replaces normal bone. The etiology of fibrous dysplasia is unknown. The radiographic appearance of the irregularly shaped trabeculae aids in the differential diagnosis. Occurring most commonly in the second decade of life, the lesions of fibrous dysplasia can be surgically recontoured for esthetic or functional purposes once they become dormant

Probiotics. Going on the natural way.

Science is providing us the tools to diagnose and treat the infection before it causes damage. For some decades now, bacteria known as probiotics have been added to various foods because of their beneficial effects for human health. It comprises knowledge of the relationship between diet and health and the effects of food ingredients on physiological functions and health. Probiotics are commonly consumed as part of fermented foods with specially added active live cultures; such as in yogurt or as dietary supplements. The potential application of probiotics for oral health has recently been the focus of attention for various health researchers. The number of products containing probiotics entering the market is increasing. These products usually contain streptococci, lactobacilli or bifidobacteria. The application of probiotic strategies may, in near future provide an end to many infections occurring in oral cavity. This article summarizes the currently available data on the potential benefits of probiotics for oral health and potential risks associated with them

Papillon Lefevre syndrome: bridge between Dermatologist and Dentist

Papillon-Lefevre syndrome is a rare autosomal recessively inherited condition which shows features common to both dentistry and dermatology. This disease is characterized by palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and severe periodon- titis. Therefore both the dentist and the dermatologist should be aware of the same because an early diagnosis of the syndrome can help to preserve the teeth by early institution of treatment, using a multidisciplinary approach. Here we present a case report of Papillon-Lefevre syndrome, along with a comprehensive review of the etiology, pathology, clinical features, differential diagnosis and management of the condition

Primary intraosseous carcinoma of mandible: an update on review of literature with a case report

Primary intraosseous carcinoma (PIOC) is a rare malignant neoplasm of the jaws which is locally aggressive with quite poor prognosis. Overall and disease free survival is poor with almost 50% patients failing within first 2 years of follow up and reason can be attributed to the delayed diagnosis. But knowledge of the clinical, radiographic and histopathologic features of PIOC allows accurate and early diagnosis of the lesion so that an early and appropriate treatment can be instituted for better prognosis. Here a typical case of PIOC of the mandible is presented and an attempt is made to discuss all possible differential diagnosis and an update on review of literature is presented. Our case highlights that radiographic examination is one of the most effective methods for detecting early lesions of PIOCs

Significance of pre-treatment panoramic radiographic assessment of edentulous patients-A survey

Objectives: The present study was undertaken to review the significance of pre-treatment panoramic radiographic assessment of edentulous patients, in the dental patient population of Haryana, India. Study Design: In this study a total of 525 completely edentulous patients were selected randomly. A panoramic radiograph was taken using Panoramic machine (Rotagraph plus) and all the radiographs were evaluated by 2 oral radiology specialists for the following clinically significant radiographic findings: retained root fragments, embedded teeth, radiolucencies, radiopacities and location of the mental foramen at the crest of the residual alveolar ridge. The data were analyzed using the chi square test. Results: A total of 245 radiographic findings were seen in 168 (32%) patients. Out of total 525 cases 16.4% (n=86) patients had submucosal or intrabony root stumps, 4.8% (n=25) had embedded teeth, 2.5% (n=13) had radiolucencies, 9.9% (n=52) had radiopacities and 1.7% (n=9) had mental foramen at the crest of the residual alveolar ridge. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that Routine radiographic examination of completely edentulous patients is critical before construction of complete denture. © Medicina Oral S. L

Role of radiology in central hemangioma of jaws

Central hemangioma, a bone destructive lesion, is a benign tumor. Hemangiomas of jaws are rare entity and produ- ces many different radiographic images. Radiographic differential diagnosis includes osteosarcoma, fibrous dysplasia, central giant cell granuloma, ameloblastoma, odontogenic myxoma, multiple myeloma, dentigerous cyst and aneurysmal bone cyst. Since it involves proliferation of blood vessels so aspiration or biopsy of such lesions can lead to severe hemorrhage which can turn out to be lethal. We stress on the importance of radiology in the timely diagnosis of such lesions which can prevent the disaster not only to the patient but also to oral surgeon in legal and professional aspects

Oral Myiasis: a review

Myiasis is the infestation of tissues, organs of living vertebrate, animals and humans by certain dipterans fly larvae which feed on the host’s tissues and body fluids, often causing extensive damage to the host tissues if left untreated. Oral Myiasis is a rare pathology and is associated with poor oral hygiene, alcoholism, senility, suppurating lesions, severe halitosis. It arises from invasion of body tissues or cavities of living animals by maggots or larvae of certain species of flies. It occurs in tropical areas with poor living conditions and insufficient public and personal hygiene. Mouth-breathing during sleep, alcoholism, mental handicap, cerebral palsy and hemiplegia may facilitate the development of myiasis. The commonest clinical manifestations of myiasis infestation include inflammatory and allergic reactions. Ear, eye and respiratory tract infestations are also frequently encountered. Human myiasis may affect the skin, bones, intestines and body cavities. Treatment consists of manual removal of maggots, broad spectrum antibiotics and oral therapy with Ivermecti

Sonoporation, a redefined ultrasound modality as therapeutic aid: a review.

Traditionally a diagnostic modality, ultrasound is emerging as a promising tool for non-invasive therapy, drug delivery, and gene therapy. The ultrasound is a mechanical wave energy generated in a medium as oscillating pressure in space and time at frequencies above 20 kHz, beyond the audible range. The ultrasound exposure generates bioeffects resulting in tissue heating, shear stress, and cavitation, which have been exploited for therapeutic applications. Ultrasound cavitation, enhanced by injected micro bubbles, perturbs cell membrane structures to cause sonoporation and increases the permeability to bioactive materials. Ultrasound-mediated gene delivery has been applied to heart, blood vessel, lung, kidney, muscle, head and neck tumour with enhanced gene transfection efficiency. The genes can be incorporated into microbubbles which in turn can target a specific disease site. Local drug delivery ensures sufficient drug concentration at the diseased region while limiting toxicity for healthy tissues. Nevertheless, it has only recently become popular as a technique to enhance drug release from drug delivery systems. This review presents the main findings in the field of sonoporation, namely drug delivery, gene delivery and DNA transfer

Osteosarcoma of maxilla: a case report

Osteosarcoma is a common primary malignant bone tumor producing osteoid or bone. It occurs very infrequently in the jaws and comprises of 4% of the tumour number as compared to the osteosarcoma of the long bones. Os- teosarcoma of the maxilla is even rarer presenting with common clinical features of pain and swelling. This pre- sented case is a rare case of osteosarcoma of maxilla in a 21-year-old female patient. Diagnosis and pre-operative assessment was performed using a combination of intraoral periapical radiograph, occlusal radiograph, paranasal view and computed tomography (CT). CT revealed destruction of the walls of maxillary sinus and sunray type of ossification in the soft tissues. Conformation was done with histology report followed by surgical removal of the tumor with safety margins. Dental professionals may be the first to detect jaw osteosarcomas in their initial stages. Regardless of the favourable biological behaviour, the patients of jaw osteosarcoma usually exhibit advanced tumor as it often goes unnoticed by the dental professional thus stressing on the need for early diagnosis of the lesion. The aim of this case report is to draw attention to the possibility of diagnosing this tumor based on clinical and radio- graphical characteristics before confirmation by histology

Toluidine blue staining as an adjunctive tool for early diagnosis of dysplastic changes in the oral mucosa

Prognosis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma depends on early diagnosis, despite advanced surgical techniques, the 5-year survival rate remains ~40-50%. Unfortunately, it is usually detected when it becomes symptomatic. This requires treatment which gives rise to a high rate of morbidity and mortality and, furthermore, early detection of oro-pharyngeal pre-malignant lesions is important to improve the survival rate and quality of life. Since dysplasia and in situ carcinoma contain much more DNA and RNA than the normal surrounding epithelium, the use of in vivo staining, by means of toluidine blue dye, is based on the fact that it is an acidophilic dye that selectively stains acidic tissue components such as DNA and RNA. Toluidine blue staining is considered to be sensitive in identifying early oro-pharyngeal premalignant and malignant lesions. In the present study, the use of toluidine blue staining was taken into consideration to identify clinically doubtful oro-pharyngeal lesions and to compare toluidine blue stain and with the histological evaluation