Evaluation of Pit-trap Transects With Varied Trap Spacing in a Northern Michigan Forest

The study compared effects of four distances between traps (range 0.5-4.0 m) on arthropod captures. Twelve traps were aligned in each of four transects, and 20 samples. trap were obtained during summer and fall in a northern Michigan deciduous forest. Catches proved to be unaffected by trap spacing. Rather, they reflected local within-site differences in abundance of dominant species

\u3ci\u3eSminthurus Mencenbergae,\u3c/i\u3e New Species from Canada and Michigan (Collembola: Sminthuridae)

A new species, Sminthurus (Sminthurus) mencenbergar Snider, is described from Canada and Michigan

Analysis of Uncharacterized mKiaa1211 Expression during Mouse Development and Cardiovascular Morphogenesis

Mammalian Kiaa1211 and Kiaa1211-like are a homologous pair of uncharacterized, highly conserved genes cloned from fetal and adult brain cDNA libraries. Herein we map the in utero spatiotemporal expression of mKiaa1211 and mKiaa1211L mRNA and their expression patterns in postnatal testis, skin, gastrointestinal, and adipose progenitor tissues. Significantly, mKiaa1211 is present throughout the early stages of mouse heart development, particularly in the second heart field (SHF) lineage as it differentiates from mesenchymal cells into cardiomyocytes. We also show that mKiaa1211 is expressed within several early neuronal tissues destined to give rise to central, peripheral, and sympathetic nervous system structures. Expression profiling revealed that the paralog mKiaa1211L is not expressed during the normal developmental process and that mKiaa1211 expression was noticeably absent from most adult terminally differentiated tissues. Finally, we confirm that a previously uncharacterized CRISPR/CAS-generated mKiaa1211 mouse mutant allele is hypomorphic

The Life Cycle Relative to Temperature of Protaphorura Armatus (Tullberg) (Collembola: Onychiuridae), a Parathenogenetic Species

Apparent parthenogenetic reproduction in Collembola has sometimes been attributed to accidental transfer of spermatophores with the food material from one culture to another (Schaller, 1953; Mayer, 1957). Conclusive evidence of parthenogenesis has only in recent years been accumulated for a number of species of Collembola, of which some were found in field populations consisting entirely of females (Choudhuri, 1958; Huther, 1961; Marshall and Kevan, 1962; Petersen, 1965; 1971 ; Snider, 1973). In Onychiuridae, parthenogenesis is apparently quite common. Onychiurus parthenogeneticus Choudhuri and Tullbergia krausbaueri (Bomer) undoubtedly reproduce in the absence of males (Choudhuri, 1958; Hale, 1966; Petersen, 1971); so does Tullbergia granulata Mills, where individuals reared in isolation from the time of hatching invariably lay viable eggs (unpublished observations). Large females of Onychiurus procampatus Gisin 1956 breed through a form of thelytokous parthenogenesis (Hale, 1964). The size groupings found in O. procarnpatus (two sizes of females and only small males) were also observed in O. firnatus Gisin 1952 and O. quadriocellatus Gisin 1947 and may indicate the existence of both parthenogenetic and sexually reproducing forms in these species (Hale, 1964). Recent laboratory observations on Protaphorura armatus (Tullberg) revealed that this species too reproduces parthenogenetically. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of temperature on the biology of the species

Plagiarism Detection Avoidance Methods and Countermeasures

Plagiarism is a major problem that educators face in the information age. Today\u27s plagiarist has a near limitless supply of well-written articles via the internet. Due to the scale of the problem, detecting plagiarism has now become the domain of the computer scientist rather than the educator. With the use of computers, documents can be conveniently scanned into a plagiarism detection system that references public web pages, academic journals, and even previous students\u27 papers, acting as an all-seeing eye. However, plagiarists can overcome these digital content detection systems with the use of clever masking and substitutions techniques. These systems cost universities tens of thousands of dollars, and also infringe upon intellectual property ownership rights without the informed consent of individual students. In this work, we examine the efficacy of commercial plagiarism detection systems when used against some selected masking techniques, and then present a simple countermeasure to combat the aforementioned detection avoidance technique

An Annotated List of the Collembola (Springtails) of Michigan

Excerpt: When work began on the Michigan Collembolain 1959, the Entomology Museum at Michigan State University included only one specimen of the order in its catalog of insects. The University of Michigan had a few vials of specimens determined by Harlow B. Mills, and a modest number was in the Robert R. Dreisbach collection at Midland, Michigan. At the beginning of my investigation very little was known about the order in Michigan, although monographs had been written on the collembolan faunae of the nearby s t a t e s of Minnesota (Guthrie, 1903), Iowa (Mills, 1934) and New York (Maynard, 1951). I expected to find species that had been recorded from surrounding areas, and hoped to find a few new to science. Both aims have been fulfilled. In addition, some European species are recorded from North America for the first time. These include Orchesella irregularilineata Stach, Tetracanthella montana Stach, Odontella lamellifera (Axelson), Sminthurinus bimaculatus Axelson, and Sminthrinus igniceps (Reuter). A new subspecific name i s proposed for Sminthurinus quadrimaculatus Maynard. The present paper lists 132 species and subspecies of 46 genera that occur in Michigan. New species will be described in the future. The present work follows a style s i m i l a r to that of Sherman Moore\u27s A Revised Annotated List of the Butterflies of Michigan (1960), except that keys to the genera and species have been included. The taxonomy follows that of Salmon (1964); thus instead of the usual two suborders, four a r e recognized

Influence of Exercise Environment on Stress and Affect in Sedentary Adults: A Comparison of Indoor and Natural Environments

The national need for increased physical activity, especially among sedentary populations, has been well documented. The need now is for fitness programs to be more effective at encouraging individuals to adopt and maintain a physically active lifestyle. This study investigated the relationship between exercise environment, stress, affect, and Nature Relatedness. Because stress reduction has been seen as a benefit of being exposed to nature, stress and affect were assessed in sedentary adults at the beginning and end of short walks in an outdoor and indoor environment in an effort to determine which environment had the greater ability to reduce stress. Stress and affect were measured using salivary cortisol concentration and alpha-amylase activity, as well as surveys and questionnaires. Additionally, the link between Nature Relatedness and environmental preference was assessed. Ultimately, our results indicated that this population expressed a preference for exercising in the outdoor environment over the indoor environment

New Species of Sminthuridae from North America (Collembola: Symphypleona)

(excerpt) This account is the result of efforts by Drs. Kenneth Christiansen and Peter Bellinger to amass and examine the major collections of North American Collembola. Their work will culminate in a descriptive monograph on the Collembola-fauna of North America. The author agreed to describe part of the new species of Sminthuridae extracted from those collections. The analysis of specimens justifies erection of 17 species new to science

NCAR telemetry and command system

The development of a pulse code modulation data encoder, a computerized ground station, and a PCM command system for obtaining and reproducing data from a balloon-borne experiment is discussed. The components of the system and the manner of operation are described. The capabilities and limitations of the system are analyzed