Professor Dragendorffi teadustegevuse jäljed Tartu Ülikooli ajaloo muuseumi kogudes

Evidence of Dragendorff’s scientific work inThe University of Tartu History MuseumCollectionsJ. G. N. Dragendorff (20.04.1836 – 26.03.1898) was a Professor of Pharmacy at the University of Tartu from 1864 to 1894. The development of equipment and increase in the number of chemical and herbal substances used (3882 different substances) was significant between 1840 and 1885. Currently, there are 5 different collections of herbal and chemical substances in the University of Tartu HistoryMuseum from the Dragendorff period: Herbal substances, Microscopic preparations, Park substances, Wallpaper sample and Textile sample collections. The collection of herbal substances is the largest (ca 1200). Mostherbal substance exhibits are from the period between 1879 and 1889. However, there are also some exhibits from earlier times (for example 1829 Huanuco, 1846 Hamburg, 1863 Paris and 1867 Venezuela). Professor Dragendorff conducted extensive research to discover the cure for malaria – he was sent Cinchona (Cinchonae cortec) from overseas to be able to prepare a pharmaceutical that helped cure malaria. The microscopic preparations are also from late 19th century – all together 1197 preparations have been described.The Park substances collection consists of 90 closed glassampoules. Research has focused on park substances extracted from 7 different herbal substances or plants. Wallpaper sample and textile sample collections demonstrate the research focused on finding arsenic in wallpaper and textiles to possibly explain some cases of poisoning. The collection consists of approximately 700 wallpaper and 200 textile samples

Eesti muuseumide meditsiinilooliste kogude ja esemete väljaselgitamine

Mapping of the Collections of History of Medicinein Estonian MuseumsLeili Kriis, Sirje SisaskUniversity of Tartu MuseumThe work plan of the University of Tartu Museum for the followingyears includes creating a new exposition for the university’s Old AnatomicalTheatre. This made us wonder, what kinds of collections ofhistory of medicine are there in other Estonian museums. A greatopportunity to obtain information opened up with the Ministry ofCulture’s support programme for developing museums that we participatedin with our project “Mapping of the Collections of History ofMedicine in Estonian Museums” from 17 April to 31 December 2013.To obtain data, we designed a questionnaire for the chief treasurersof the museums. Based on the answers we received, the followingoverview was compiled.At the time we conducted the survey, more than half of the materialsof history of medicine in the museum collections had beenentered also into the Estonian Museum Information System MuIS.Keywords related to the topic of medicine have been used. Most ofthe corresponding materials in Estonian museums are connected topharmacies (material objects as well as photographs and archive materials),and furnishings of dental practices (Pärnu Museum, VõruCounty Museum, etc.). Regional museums also contain objects of veterinarymedicine. There are rare items of history of medicine suchas an inoculation knife, cupping lancets, bloodletting devices, a bonesaw, an irritation instrument, healing stones, a homoeopathic pharmacy,and many more. The most noteworthy archive materials areprobably the inoculation materials, mud treatment materials (materialsand manuscripts of Dr Hunnius from Haapsalu, mud treatmenthistory of Saaremaa), and manuscripts by medics (historical overviews).Topics like doping (the Estonian Sports Museum), designingmedical institutions (hospitals, sanatoriums, etc.) (Museum of EstonianArchitecture, Museum of Viljandi), diseases and stress, and howthese are reflected in a person’s creative work (Estonian Theatre andMusic Museum) have also been documented. Most valuable are thestories found in the collections of county museums that tell of medicalinstitutions (hospitals, pharmacies, sanatoriums, leprosariums, etc.)that have operated or are operating in the region and reflect the specificcharacter of the region, as well as the materials of well-known localmedics. Also materials related to alternative and folk medicine. Allthis enriches the general picture of the Estonian history of medicine.Our working group reached the conclusion that the contents ofthe MuIS dictionary should be structured in a better manner andsupplemented with topics that are reflected in specific museum collections(alternative medicine, nutrition, environment, etc.). Imagesof museum objects are also important data carriers in the database.Rare historical documents deserve to be digitised as soon as possiblesince they tend to become fragile with time. Regional museumsshould also find room for materials related to the history and doctorsof local medical institutions

Lühiülevaade professor Carl Schmidti kivimi- ja mineraalikollektsioonist TÜ ajaloo muuseumis

Overview of professor Carl Schmidt’s rock collection in the University of Tartu History Museum Sirje Sisask, University of Tartu History Museum   Carl Ernst Heinrich Schmidt was born on the 13th of June 1822 in Miitavi (Jelgava in Latvia) to pharmacist parents. After graduating from a local high school, Mr Schmidt continued his studies in Germany until 1845 when he moved to Russia to work. In 1847 (on the 20th of February) Prof. Schmidt officially started working at The University of Tartu (Estonia). His scientific work was extremely diverse. Since the 1860s Prof Schmidt’s research was mainly focusing on analyzing the chemical components of earth/soils, minerals, fertilizers, water and other substances and objects. From that period Prof. Schmidt, Professor of Chemistry at the University of Tartu, also left behind his impressive rock collection which on the 20th of December 1995 was gathered from the Department of Chemistry and deposited in the museum of Tartu University History thanks to the initiative of docent Tullio Ilomets. All together there are 1340 samples of rock in this collection. Out of all the samples in the collection, 89 of them have a year noted on their labels. The most common years on these labels are 1864 (23 times ) and 1855 (16 times). Years mentioned are mainly between 1855 and 1890 and it can therefore be assumed that most samples in the collection were gathered in the second half of the 19th century. Besides the date, the labels sometimes also include the name of the place where the sample was found. Most of the labels follow some kind of label format and are mainly handwritten on a normal piece of paper. As the collection is over 100 years old a lot of samples have also lost their labels or have been mixed up between the samples. Despite that, Prof. Schmidt’s collection is extremely interesting and has a very important scientific value. In 1996, 150 samples in the collection went through a determination of the chemical and mineral composition by a contemporary method of X-ray difractometric identification by Kalju Utsal. Prof. Schmidt used to bring most of his rock samples from his many expeditions overseas. Other scientists and co-operation with them also assisted Prof. Schmidt to have such a high number of rock samples in his collection. It has been proposed that Prof. Schmidt had a close professional relationship with Dr. Krantz from Bonn (Germany). Catalogues and letters sent by Dr. Krantz offer some more exciting information

Joonistused ja fotod mikroskoobipreparaatidest Tartu Ülikooli muuseumi kogudes: Photos and drawings of microscopic preparations in the museum of the University of Tartu

Microscopes are fascinating tools that can make the invisible visible.They are useful educational and scientific aids that have been usedfor a few hundred years and besides real life observations, photos anddrawings of what can be seen have been captured. The museum of theUniversity of Tartu has a collection of various drawings and photos ofmicroscopic preparations that have been used in teaching medicineat the university.These photos and drawings have significant historic, scientificand cultural value. Many photos in this collection have their authorlisted as Dr Kull, whereas most drawings do not have an author listed.Drawings have captions in Estonian as well as some in Russian;however, originally, these were written in German using Latin terminology.It is assumed that most of the drawings were likely illustratedby university students when making preparations and usingmicroscopes as part of their practicum. It is assumed that these, nowuseful study aids and fascinating museum items, were made in thefirst half of the 20th century.The collection of specimens used in these photos and drawingsis diverse. The majority of them are of various human and animaltissues, along with some photos and drawings which are able to showprocesses such as cell proliferation. Even the processes happening inthe nucleus of a cell can be seen. Microscopic views of human bone,pancreas, ovary, kidney and even an unborn child’s eye are all examplesof what can be seen in these interesting photos and drawings

Üliõpilaste valmistatud mikroskoobipreparaatide komplektid Tartu Ülikooli muuseumis: Sets of microscopic samples developed by the students of University of Tartu in the first half of the 20th century

In this article, five different sets of microscopic samples developedby the students of the University of Tartu during their studies in theperiod of 1917–49 are examined. The sets were donated to the Universityof Tartu by the students or their relatives and friends. Thearticle provides details of the biographies of all authors as well as anoverview of the contents of the sample kits.Professor Albert Valdes, who studied at the University of Tartufrom 1908 to 1914, developed a collection of 52 microscopic samples(UAM_1166:1-52) and these were donated to the university by MrsMare Viiralt and Valdes’s daughter Mrs Viiu Sillastu. The writingson the samples are in both Russian and Latin, some also in Estonian.Most of the samples belong to the field of anatomical pathology.Hilja Pauline Tulp entered the University of Tartu in 1924 tostudy mathematics and natural sciences and graduated cum laudein 1930. A special box of microscopic samples developed by her(UAM_584:1-128) in 1928 contains 128 samples, including both zoologicaland botanical items.Ermine Leontine Paluoja (Peterson) entered the Faculty of Medicineat the University of Tartu in 1932. There were hiatuses in herstudies due to financial and personal reasons. Paluoja left the universityin 1946 due to a high workload and applied to re-enter in 1948.In her second semester in 1939 she developed a set of microscopicsamples (UAM_1028:1-45) containing 45 samples of different humangrowths and tumours.Leonidia Orviku (Saar) started voluntarily attending the Universityof Tartu on 18 September 1922 whilst still in secondary school.She officially commenced her studies on 16 September 1924. Aftergraduating from the university, she worked in Tartu and later went toTallinn. A set of microscopic samples developed by her (UAM_1095:1-82) in 1940 contains 82 specimens, predominantly human tissuesand organs. She was a natural scientist and geologist and the set ofher samples were provided to the university by her family.Maret Kask graduated the Tartu II Secondary School in 1945 andentered the Department of Biology (Faculty of Mathematics and NaturalSciences) of the University of Tartu. She graduated in 1950with a biologist-botanist’s qualification. The set of her microscopicsamples (UAM_1043:1-42) were donated to the museum of the Universityof Tartu by Maret Kask herself. The set was prepared in 1948and contains 42 samples of various botanical items.In conclusion, the kits of scientific samples described in this articleare considered very important material for illustrating practicalteaching and studying in the field of natural sciences and medicine inthe first half of the 20th century. Most samples are very well preservedand can still be used, viewed and further studied in the EstonianMuseum Information System MuIS (https://www.muis.ee)

Tartu Ülikooli patoloogilise anatoomia instituudi kollektsioon inimorganismist pärit kividest: The University of Tartu Institute of Pathological Anathomy's Collection of Human Stones

This article describes a rare collection of human stones originallyowned by the Institute of Pathological Anatomy and assumed to be astudy collection that dates back to the 19th century.Prior to writing this article, I familiarised myself with the collectionof stones that form in human bodies at the UT Museum(ÜAM_1613:1–65 AjM).Reviewing these collections, one often returns to the question ofwhy do these stones form in our bodies? The most common stones inthe human body are kidney and bladder stones, gallstones, calculiand salivary gland stones. Some of these rarely appear in humanbodies or they may be present without causing any real symptoms,while the person is completely unaware of their existence. It is knownthat poor diet or metabolism disorders may contribute to the build-upof the stones either in the kidneys or bladder or the growth of dentalplaque around our teeth, for example.The collection described in this article ((ÜAM_1613:53/1 AjM) alsohad a note from 1873 in German addressed to the then Professor ofPathological Anatomy Jakob Ernst Arthur Böttcher (1831–1889) attachedto one of its gallstones.The collection was delivered to the museum in May 2000 from theNew Anatomical Theatre. The whole collection is rare and holds significanthistorical and scientific meaning for the University of Tartu.Hence, it was accepted to the main collection of exhibits of the UTMuseum in September 2017.The collection that now belongs to the UT Museum has been ondisplay in the foyer of the education innovation centre in the OldAnatomical Theatre since February 2020

Pedagoogilise koolipraktika täiustamine õpetamisoskuse hindamisega

https://www.ester.ee/record=b3585862*es