Security-Aware RWA for Dynamic Traffic Using Path Protection In WDM Networks

Security and attack management have become the prime concern for the network operators due to high data transfer rates and vulnerabilities associated with transparency in WDM networks. In the recent years, there is a substantial increase in perception to develop suitable mechanisms for subduing the adverse effects of malicious attacks such as high power jamming and tapping attacks.In transparent optical networks (TONs) traffic is carried over the optical fibers in the form of signals called lightpaths, creating a virtual topology over the physical interconnections of an optical fiber. This allows an exchange of an enormous amount of data at a very high speed. A fault or an attack on the network can lead to data tampering and data loss. Unlike faults, malicious attacks may not be localized and we cannot handle them with the standard fault-tolerance mechanisms in WDM networks. The Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) problem assigns appropriate routes and wavelengths to all associated lightpaths in the network. Most the researchers considered the static traffic model, where the network requests (i.e. lightpaths to be established) are known in advance and last over long durations. In this thesis, we are solving the security-aware problem for dynamic requests by using protection strategy known as dedicated path protection (DPP). In the dynamic model, lightpaths are generated on-demand, and RWA must be performed based on available resources that are not being used by ongoing lightpaths. We propose an Integer linear programming (ILP) formulation to maximize requests satisfaction and reducing the disruption in the network due to malicious attacks (In-band and out-band)

Comparative Analysis of Universal Primary Education Policy and Progress in India and Sri Lanka in the Era of Globalization

Sustainable Development Goals, like previous Millennium Development Goals, put strong emphasis on the inclusive and quality education for all by 2030 and directed all the nation states to make concerted efforts to ensure this. Many developing countries after the endorsement of time-bound global goals regarding education has resulted in remarkable changes in their national education policy directions by making provisions of free and compulsory education for a stipulated period. However, even today, when the global development agenda is emphasizing inclusive and quality education for all at all levels, the goal of universal primary education remains elusive for many developing countries. The aim of this study was to analyze educational policy changes and progress in universal primary education in India and Sri Lanka under the influence of global policy agenda. India and Sri Lanka are two important countries in South Asian region and both are quite proactive in their efforts towards universalization of primary education. With the help of trend analysis method, it has been observed tremendous progress has been observed in the expansion of access of primary education in these countries. However, the results indicate that the performance of Sri Lanka in primary education is far better than India and India can learn a lot from the experiences of Sri Lanka. But, the high number of out of school children and poor learning outcomes in both the countries need a radical shift in the focus of the policy planning in these countries. The study is quite critical to highlight the glaring gaps in the provision of education for all in these countries and experiences of these countries can provide instructive lessons for other countries struggling with the goal of education for all. Keywords: Universal Primary Education, Education for All, Educational Policy, Globalization, South Asia. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-8-04 Publication date:March 31st 202

A Review on the Need of HVDC Transmission System

With the growing demand of electricity on a daily basis, we cannot rely on conventional electric authority systems like long-haul distributed power stations as well as complicated and heavy load / distribution networks. High voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems include an extremely imperative role in authority systems. Without the appropriate study of the HVDC system, it is unfeasible to obtain an accurate mathematical model of the system and in the absence of proper modeling the influence transmitted in the HVDC system cannot be considered. The power transmitted through the HVDC system depends upon the competence of the controller and the converter station.Conservatively, the PID controller was used for the polar current control of the rectifier and the excitation control on the inverter side. This paper is an indication of the HVDC system and covers the essential part of the foundation of the HVDC system. Due to enlarged demand for power at the load center and concentration to distributed power generation, a lot of high capacity long distance HVDC systems are requisite and are intended to achieve various advantages. As growth in the power electronics field advances, HVDC systems are more consistent

Uphill Catalysis: Generation of Higher Energetic Geometrical Isomers of (Cyclo)alkenes Using Visible Light Photocatalysis and Their Utilization in Chemical Syntheses

We have performed a systematic study of utilizing excited state surfaces to promote endergonic reactions. As such, catalysis of potential endergonic reactions has not been considered since thermal catalysis cannot promote these reactions. However, this limitation can be overcome by utilizing excited state surfaces, from which all reaction directions are essentially exergonic. As a result, excitation can pump reactions in endergonic directions. In an approach to develop such reactions, we developed isomerization of trans-styrenoids to their higher energy geometrical cis-isomer using visible light and Ir(ppy)3 as a photocatalyst. This is a rare example of uphill catalysis which is endergonic by 2-7 kcal/mol of energy. We postulated that an energy transfer, from the photo-excited catalyst, was a key step in the operative mechanism. While synthetically useful, this only captured a small fraction of the potential energy of the excited state. In order to utilize a greater portion of the potential energy provided by the photocatalyst, we designed a series of trans-cycloalkenes. We envisioned that upon excitation, these cycloalkenes would undergo isomerization and, because of the small ring size, significant distortion from the ideal geometry, resulting in highly strained trans-cycloalkenes. The strain associated with the trans-cycloalkene raises its ground state energy and simultaneously activates it towards reactions with other functional groups. In contrast, the cis-cycloalkenes are completely unreactive in the absence of light and photocatalyst. Thus, we can use light as a stimulus to "turn on" the reactivity. We have utilized this general strategy to develop a novel bioconjugation strategy with azides, facilitate a rare thermal [2+2] cycloaddition with other alkenes, and facilitate an intramolecular hydroalkoxylation of an alkene to form complex, and previously inaccessible, oxabicycles.Chemistr

Thermal conductivity of evolving quark-gluon plasma in the presence of a time-varying magnetic field

The effect of the temperature evolution of QGP on its thermal conductivity and elliptic flow is investigated here in the presence of a time-varying magnetic field. Thermal conductivity plays a vital role in the cooling rate of the medium or its temperature evolution. The magnetic field produced during the early stages of (non-central) heavy-ion collisions decays with time, where electrical conductivity plays a significant role. As the medium expands, the electrical and thermal properties change, reflecting the effect in various observables. In this study, we have calculated the thermal conductivity of the QGP medium, incorporating the effects of temperature and magnetic field evolution. We discovered that conductivity significantly depends on the cooling rate and its value increases due to temperature evolution. Furthermore, the influence of these evolutions on the elliptic flow coefficient is measured, and elliptic flow is found to decrease.Comment: 14 pages and 3-captioned figures, Submitted for publicatio

Event Control through Motion Detection

Computer Vision is the study of machines that extract information from an image and perform some processing on the captured images to extract necessary data to solve some task. As a scientic discipline, the study of computer vision is concerned with the theories behind articial systems that extract information from images. The image data could in several dierent forms and formats, such as video sequences, views from multiple cameras, or multi-dimensional data acquired from a medical scanner. As a technological discipline, computer vision intends to apply its theories and models to the construction and design of computer vision systems The role of computer vison in robots is providing detailed information about the environment. A robust vision system should be able to detect and identify objects reliably and provide an accurate representation of the environment to higher level processes. The vision system should also be highly ecient, allowing a resource limited agent to respond quickly to a changing environment. Each frame acquired by a digital camera must be processed in a small, usually xed, amount of time. Algorithmic complexity is therefore constrained, introducing a tradeo between processing time and the quality of the information acquired. In most robotic applications, the vision system is the main perception device and autonomous robots must be capable of using it in order to self-localize and locate the objects that they have to manipulate. The objective of the project was to build a computer controlled bot which could collect and deposit balls rolling down a ramp with the help of overhead/onboard camera.The ojective was achieved with the use of Motion History Image(MHI) based image processing algortihms and microcontroller based controling of motors

Clinico-radiological pattern of pulmonary tuberculosis with diabetes mellitus

Background: The link between diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis has been recognised for centuries. There is growing evidence that diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for tuberculosis and might affect disease presentation and treatment response. The increase in burden of tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is hitting certain Asian countries harder than other areas. In a global estimate, 15% of all TB cases could be attributable to DM, with 40% of those cases coming from India and China.Methods: It is a cross-sectional observational study with 50 TB patients with DM admitted in department of respiratory medicine Smt. B. K. Shah Medical Institute and Research Centre, Piparia, Waghodia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India total 6 months duration patients were included in the study (2015).Results: Total 50 cases were included in the study. The ratio of male: female was 7:3. Age group of 40 years and 60 years was high. Haemoptysis and weight loss were major complaints. There was a higher involvement of lower lung field (56%) as compared to upper lung field. Bilateral involvement was present in (18%). Cavitary lesions were present in (18%) cases and were more frequently confined to upper lung field (62%,5/9). Total 27 patients of pulmonary TB were first time detected with DM among them 20 patients had higher bacillary load (sputum >2+) and out of 27 newly detected DM patient 15 required insulin.Conclusions: Tuberculosis and DM have strong correlation and patients with diabetes mellitus has high probability of getting infected with tuberculosis

Enhanced biosurfactant production through cloning of three genes and role of esterase in biosurfactant release

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Biosurfactants have been reported to utilize a number of immiscible substrates and thereby facilitate the biodegradation of panoply of polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Olive oil is one such carbon source which has been explored by many researchers. However, studying the concomitant production of biosurfactant and esterase enzyme in the presence of olive oil in the <it>Bacillus </it>species and its recombinants is a relatively novel approach.</p> <p>Results</p> <p><it>Bacillus </it>species isolated from endosulfan sprayed cashew plantation soil was cultivated on a number of hydrophobic substrates. Olive oil was found to be the best inducer of biosurfactant activity. The protein associated with the release of the biosurfactant was found to be an esterase. There was a twofold increase in the biosurfactant and esterase activities after the successful cloning of the biosurfactant genes from <it>Bacillus subtilis </it>SK320 into <it>E.coli. </it>Multiple sequence alignment showed regions of similarity and conserved sequences between biosurfactant and esterase genes, further confirming the symbiotic correlation between the two. Biosurfactants produced by <it>Bacillus subtilis </it>SK320 and recombinant strains <it>BioS a, BioS b, BioS c </it>were found to be effective emulsifiers, reducing the surface tension of water from 72 dynes/cm to as low as 30.7 dynes/cm.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The attributes of enhanced biosurfactant and esterase production by hyper-producing recombinant strains have many utilities from industrial viewpoint. This study for the first time has shown a possible association between biosurfactant production and esterase activity in any <it>Bacillus </it>species. Biosurfactant-esterase complex has been found to have powerful emulsification properties, which shows promising bioremediation, hydrocarbon biodegradation and pharmaceutical applications.</p

Melanotic medullary carcinoma of thyroid – report of a rare case with brief review of literature

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Melanin production in medullary carcinoma is extremely uncommon.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report a rare variant of medullary carcinoma of thyroid with melanin production in a 52-year-old woman who presented with swelling in the thyroid of 3 months duration. This tumor recurred thrice in two years after surgery and patient died with metastasis. Microscopic examination showed typical morphology of medullary carcinoma with numerous cells loaded with melanin pigment as confirmed by bleached Fontana-Masson, negative iron and immunohistochemical stains. Tumor cells were diffusely immunopositive for calcitonin, HMB-45, chromogranin, synaptophysin, CEA but showed focal paranuclear dot positivity for cytokeratin. No C-cell hyperplasia was seen in the adjacent thyroid gland. Nature of the pigment was further confirmed on ultra structural examination.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Melanotic medullary carcinoma is an extremely uncommon entity. There is a need to report more number of cases in the literature for exact categorization and prognostication of this subtype of medullary carcinoma.</p