A 1/24 degree resolution Mediterranean analysis and forecast modeling system for the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service

The Mediterranean Forecasting System (MFS) is a numerical ocean prediction system that operationally produces analyses, reanalyses and short-term forecasts of the main physical parameters for the entire Mediterranean Sea and its Atlantic Ocean adjacent areas. This work is specifically focused on the description and evaluation of the analysis and forecast modeling system that covers the analysis of the current situation and produces daily updates of the following 10 days forecast. The system has been recently upgraded in the framework of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) by increasing the grid resolution from 1/16o to 1/24o in the horizontal and from 72 to 141 vertical levels, by increasing the number of fresh water river inputs and by updating the data assimilation scheme. The model has a non-linear explicit free surface and it is forced by surface pressure, interactive heat, momentum and water fluxes at the air-sea interface. In order to validate the modeling system and to estimate the accuracy of the model products, a quality assessment is regularly performed including both pre-operational qualification and near real time (NRT) validation procedures. Pre-operational qualification activities focus on testing the improvements of the quality of the new system with respect to the previous version and relies on past simulation and historical data, while NRT validation activities aim at routinely and on-line providing the skill assessment of the model analysis and forecasts and relies on the NRT available observations. The focus of this work is to present the new operational modeling system and the skill assessment including comparison with independent (insitu coastal moorings) and quasi-independent (insitu vertical profiles and satellite) datasets.PublishedBergen, Norway3SR. AMBIENTE - Servizi e ricerca per la Societ

A 1/24° resolution Mediterranean physical analysis and forecasting system for the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service

This study describes a new model implementation for the Mediterranean Sea that has been achieved in the framework of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS). The numerical ocean prediction system, that operationally produces analyses and forecasts of the main physical parameters for the entire Mediterranean Sea and its Atlantic Ocean adjacent areas, has been upgraded by increasing the grid resolution from 1/16o to 1/24o in the horizontal and from 72 to 141 unevenly spaced vertical levels, by increasing the number of fresh water river inputs and by updating the data assimilation scheme. The model has a non-linear explicit free surface and it is forced by surface pressure, interactive heat, momentum and water fluxes at the airsea interface. The focus of this work is to present the new modelling system which will become operational in the near future and the validation assessment including the comparison with an independent non assimilated dataset (coastal moorings) and quasi-independent (in situ vertical profiles and satellite) datasets. The results show that the higher resolution model is capable of representing most of the variability of the general circulation in the Mediterranean Sea, however some improvements need to be implemented in order to enhance the model ability in reproducing specific hydrodynamic features particularly the Sea Level Anomaly.PublishedBergen, Norway3SR. AMBIENTE - Servizi e ricerca per la Societ

Higher resolution physical numerical model of the Mediterranean Sea in the Copernicus Marine Service

INGV is responsible for the operational production of the physical component of the Mediterranean Sea Monitoring and Forecasting Centre (Med-MFC) of the Copernicus Marine Service Monitoring System (CMEMS). The system was implemented in 2000 by the INGV National Group of Operational oceanography (GNOO) and has been developed in years thanks to a number of European projects. The Med-MFC is a coupled hydrodynamic-wave model with data assimilation component with a resolution of 1/16°. The model solutions are corrected by the variational assimilation (based on a 3DVAR scheme) of Temperature and Salinity vertical profiles (from ARGO, CTD, XBT and Gliders observations) and along track satellite Sea Level Anomaly (SLA) observations. In order to meet the requirements for Copernicus Marine Service Phase I the increase of the horizontal (to 1/24°) and vertical resolution of the hydrodynamic component of Med-MFC has been planned. The major improvements expected from this development are the following: 1) to better resolve the mesoscale processes in the Mediterranean region where the Rossby radius of deformation is about 12-15 km (1/24° is about 4-5 km); 2) to resolve the tidal forcing at Gibraltar, entering from the Atlantic into the Mediterranean, known to provide about 30% amplitude of the tidal signal in the Mediterranean; 3) to better resolve vertical mixing processes.UnpublishedIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia. Sede Centrale. Roma3SR. AMBIENTE - Servizi e ricerca per la Societ

Mediterranean monitoring and forecasting operational system for Copernicus Marine Service

The MEDiterranean Monitoring and Forecasting Center (Med-MFC) is part of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS, http://marine.copernicus.eu/), provided on an operational mode by Mercator Ocean in agreement with the European Commission. Specifically, Med MFC system provides regular and systematic information about the physical state of the ocean and marine ecosystems for the Mediterranean Sea. The Med-MFC service started in May 2015 from the pre-operational system developed during the MyOcean projects, consolidating the understanding of regional Mediterranean Sea dynamics, from currents to biogeochemistry to waves, interfacing with local data collection networks and guaranteeing an efficient link with other Centers in Copernicus network. The Med-MFC products include analyses, 10 days forecasts and reanalysis, describing currents, temperature, salinity, sea level and pelagic biogeochemistry. Waves products will be available in MED-MFC version in 2017. The consortium, composed of INGV (Italy), HCMR (Greece) and OGS (Italy) and coordinated by the Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change (CMCC, Italy), performs advanced R&D activities and manages the service delivery. The Med-MFC infrastructure consists of 3 Production Units (PU), for Physics, Biogechemistry and Waves, a unique Dissemination Unit (DU) and Archiving Unit (AU) and Backup Units (BU) for all principal components, guaranteeing a resilient configuration of the service and providing and efficient and robust solution for the maintenance of the service and delivery. The Med-MFC includes also an evolution plan, both in terms of research and operational activities, oriented to increase the spatial resolution of products, to start wave products dissemination, to increase temporal extent of the reanalysis products and improving ocean physical modeling for delivering new products. The scientific activities carried out in 2015 concerned some improvements in the physical, biogeochemical and wave components of the system. Regarding the currents, new grid-point EOFs have been implemented in the Med-MFC assimilation system; the climatological CMAP precipitation was replaced by the ECMWF daily precipitation; reanalysis time-series have been increased by one year. Regarding the biogeochemistry, the main scientific achievement is related to the implementation of the carbon system in the Med-MFC biogeochemistry model system already available. The new model is able to reproduce the principal spatial patterns of the carbonate system variables in the Mediterranean Sea. Further, a key result consists of the calibration of the new variables (DIC and alkalinity), which serves to the estimation of the accuracy of the new products to be released in the next version of the system (i.e. pH and pCO2 at surface). Regarding the waves, the system has been validated against in-situ and satellite observations. For example, a very good agreement between model output and in-situ observations has been obtained at offshore and/or well-exposed wave buoys in the Mediterranean Sea.PublishedVienna3SR. AMBIENTE - Servizi e ricerca per la Societ

Un luogo sospeso nel tempo - progetto di restauro e valorizzazione per Villa Cesarini e il suo parco.

Situata nel comune di Corinaldo (AN), questa dimora signorile viene edificata su precedenti resti dal botanico Paolo Spadoni attorno alla metà del Settecento. Passata poi in mano a diversi proprietari, di cui l’ultimo risulta essere il Conte Giacomo Cesarini Romaldi, assume attorno agli inizi del novecento l’attuale aspetto. L’intero sistema si compone di diverse parti: la residenza del signore, la chiesa, la limonaia, la stalla, la rimessa delle carrozze e la casa del custode, connessi tra loro dal grande parco di circa due ettari di superficie, all’interno del quale sono disseminati innumerevoli manufatti, grotte e reperti archeologici. La presente tesi si pone come obiettivo quello di proporre un progetto di restauro che risponda alla richiesta del luogo di essere salvato; in esso sono stati riconosciuti dei valori che vanno necessariamente recuperati e trasmessi

Statistical mooring devices data quality control and ocean model validation

Marine data recorded by fixed observatories at key geographic sites represent a huge and extensive source of information on the real sea conditions. Nowadays these data are not completely reliable yet due to their functioning. Marine environment it’s not the ideal condition where electronic can work long and optimally, causing sampling discontinuities and needing frequent maintenance and sensors’ calibration. This requires a continuous control of the device state and of the sampled data quality both from the data provider and the Data Assembly Center. The goals of this work are the following: • to have data of the best possible quality for the final users release (quality control); • to use these data to calibrate and validate (Cal/Val) ocean circulation models both in real time and in delayed mode. Data from 150 moorings located in the Mediterranean Sea have been downloaded from the European Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service CMEMS (https://doi.org/10.25423/MEDSEA_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_006_001) in situ TAC (Thematic As- sembly Center) Med FTP server (ftp://medinsitu.hcmr.gr/), the data is accessible after free registration to Copernicus marine service portal) and analyzed to implement an automated secondary quality check procedure based on simple statistical properties (mean and standard deviation). Two model data from the RITMARE (http://www.ritmare.it/) Italian project and from CMEMS have been considered to test the Cal/Val procedure. The analyzed ocean variables are: temperature, salinity, sea level, 3D water speed. A Python module has been set up to automatically assess the data quality of all moorings, which returns the best hourly and daily time series to be compared with any model data. in order to create a validation of the model in terms of RMSE (root mean square error) and statistical bias. The quality control procedure is divided in three phases: 1. in situ TAC quality flag application and discard of too sparse variables or stations; 2. spike removal (gross check); 3. redundant statistic quality check by computing standardized anomaly and the probability distribution (kernel density estimation). Data are flagged as good if the standardized anomaly does not exceed a specific standard deviation threshold chosen during the calibration phase of the quality control procedure. The statistic check is then repeated iteratively in order to increase data quality. The results are promising, both daily and hourly moorings data are not anymore influenced by statistically improbable data and the model Cal/Val is now providing more reliable skill scores.RITMARE ProjectPublishedVienna4A. Oceanografia e clim

Feasibility Analysis of Engine Control Tasks under EDF Scheduling

Engine control applications include software tasks that are triggered at predetermined angular values of the crankshaft, thus generating a computational workload that varies with the engine speed. To avoid overloads at high rotation speeds, these tasks are implemented to self adapt and reduce their computational demand by switching mode at given rotation speeds. For this reason, they are referred to as adaptive variable rate (AVR) tasks. Although a few works have been proposed in the literature to model and analyze the schedulability of such a peculiar type of tasks, an exact analysis of engine control applications has been derived only for fixed priority systems, under a set of simplifying assumptions. The major problem of scheduling AVR tasks with fixed priorities, however, is that, due to engine accelerations, the interarrival period of an AVR task is subject to large variations, therefore there will be several speeds at which any fixed priority assignment is far from being optimal, significantly penalizing the schedulability of the system. This paper proposes for the first time an exact feasibility test under the Earliest Deadline First scheduling algorithm for tasks sets including regular periodic tasks and AVR tasks triggered by a common rotation source. In addition, a set of simulation results are reported to evaluate the schedulability gain achieved in this context by EDF over fixed priority scheduling

Mediterranean Sea Reconstruction Reanalysis (RR) 1955-2015

INGVPublished4A. Oceanografia e clim