Effect of three formulations of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ICBB200 on lettuce growth (Lactuca sativa L.) in five soil and climate conditions

A produção convencional de hortaliças se baseia no uso de fertilizantes e defensivos químicos, os quais contribuem para o aumento da produção de alimentos. Porém, o uso exagerado e inadequado desses produtos pode causar vários problemas à saúde e ao meio ambiente. O uso de bactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas, como Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, surge como uma alternativa, já que as mesmas atuam diretamente no crescimento vegetal por alterações nas concentrações hormonais e maior aporte de nutrientes, como nitrogênio, fósforo e ferro, além de também atuar indiretamente pela supressão de doenças. Com isso, este trabalho objetiva avaliar o efeito da bactéria B. amyloliquefaciens ICBB200, apresentada em três diferentes formulações, sobre o crescimento de plantas de alface, em cinco condições edafoclimáticas diferentes. Ensaios em campo com três diferentes formulações de B. amyloliquefaciens ICBB200 foram conduzidos em áreas de cultivo de alface, em cinco condições edafoclimáticas distintas, na cidade de Porto Alegre, RS. Após 34 dias de cultivo, as plantas foram coletadas e avaliadas quanto à circunferência e peso de massa fresca de parte aérea. B. amyloliquefaciens ICBB200 promoveu o crescimento de parte aérea de plantas de alface, em qualquer uma de suas formulações testadas, em todas diferentes condições edafoclimáticas testadas.Conventional vegetable production is based on the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which contribute to increased food production. However, excessive and inappropriate use of these products can cause several problems to health and the environment. The use of bacteria promoting plant growth, such Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ICBB200 is an alternative, since they act directly on the plant growth due to changes in hormonal levels and increased intake of nutrients such as phosphorus and iron, and also act indirectly by suppressing diseases. Field tests with three different formulations of B. amyloliquefaciens ICBB200 were conducted in lettuce growing areas, in five different soils and climatic conditions in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State. After 34 days of cultivation, the plants were collected and evaluated for circumference and fresh weight of aerial part. B. amyloliquefaciens ICBB200 promoted shoot growth of lettuce plants in any of their formulations tested, at all the different conditions tested

Climate seasonality limits leaf carbon assimilation and wood productivity in tropical forests

The seasonal climate drivers of the carbon cycle in tropical forests remain poorly known, although these forests account for more carbon assimilation and storage than any other terrestrial ecosystem. Based on a unique combination of seasonal pan-tropical data sets from 89 experimental sites (68 include aboveground wood productivity measurements and 35 litter productivity measurements), their associated canopy photosynthetic capacity (enhanced vegetation index, EVI) and climate, we ask how carbon assimilation and aboveground allocation are related to climate seasonality in tropical forests and how they interact in the seasonal carbon cycle. We found that canopy photosynthetic capacity seasonality responds positively to precipitation when rainfall is  < 2000 mm yr⁻¹ (water-limited forests) and to radiation otherwise (light-limited forests). On the other hand, independent of climate limitations, wood productivity and litterfall are driven by seasonal variation in precipitation and evapotranspiration, respectively. Consequently, light-limited forests present an asynchronism between canopy photosynthetic capacity and wood productivity. First-order control by precipitation likely indicates a decrease in tropical forest productivity in a drier climate in water-limited forest, and in current light-limited forest with future rainfall  < 2000 mm yr⁻¹

Imperio : Diario de Zamora de Falange Española de las J.O.N.S.: Año XIX Número 5594 - 1954 Junio 05

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de três ecossistemas sobre, a ocorrência de fungos rizosféricos, endofíticos e epifíticos. As áreas de estudo estão localizadas em uma propriedade rural, situada na cidade de Venâncio Aires, RS. Os fungos endofíticos e epifíticos foram isolados de amostras de raízes de guajuvira, (Patagonula americana L.), coletadas na mata (área 1), de uva-do-japão (Hovenia dulcis Thunb.), na área intermediária (área 2) e de fumo ou de milho, na lavoura (área 3) e, os fungos rizosféricos isolados de solo coletado junto as raízes dos vegetais citados. As amostras foram coletadas nos meses de janeiro, maio, setembro e novembro de 2004 e 2005. Os fungos foram identificados segundo características morfológicas com auxílio de chaves de identificação. As áreas 2 e 3 foram mais similares com relação aos fungos rizosféricos e epifíticos, enquanto, que, as áreas 1 e 2 foram mais similares com relação aos fungos endofíticos. A diversidade dos fungos isolados das três áreas não diferiu ao longo dos dois anos de coleta. A presença de Fusarium spp., em vegetais sem sintomas de doença indica que, as mesmas podem ser raças avirulentas ou patógenos latentes em equilíbrio com o hospedeiro e o ambiente. A presença de fungos antagonistas, principalmente Trichoderma spp. também, são responsáveis por esse equilíbrio, o qual ocorre nas três áreas.The present paper aimed at assessing the effect of three ecosystems, on the occurrence of rhizospheric, endophytic and epiphytic fungi. The study areas are located in a farm in Venâncio Aires, Rio Grande do Sul. Samples were collected in the months of January, May, September and November 2004 and 2005. The endophytic and epiphytic fungi were isolated from samples of guajayvi roots (Patagonula americana L.), picked in the forest (area 1), of Japanese raisin tree (Hovenia dulcis Thunb.), in the intermediate area (area 2), and tobacco or corn, in the cultivated area (area 3) and rhizospheric fungi isolated from soil. The fungi were identified according to morphological characteristics, with the help of identification keys. Areas 2 and 3 were more alike concerning rhizospheric and epiphytic fungi; Areas 1 and 2, in turn, were more alike concerning endophytic fungi. The diversity of the isolated fungi from these three areas did not change during the two years of collection. The abundance of fungi with phytopathogenic potential such as the Fusarium spp. and Macrophomina phaseolina, mostly as endophytic in area 3 shows the influence of the host on them. The presence of antagonistic fungi, principally Trichoderma spp. also, are responsable for this equilibrium, which occured in the three areas

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

WagnerClimateSeasonalityLimitsSupplementalTablesandFigures.pdf

The seasonal climate drivers of the carbon cycle in tropical forests remain poorly known, although these forests account for more carbon assimilation and storage than any other terrestrial ecosystem. Based on a unique combination of seasonal pan-tropical data sets from 89 experimental sites (68 include aboveground wood productivity measurements and 35 litter productivity measurements), their associated canopy photosynthetic capacity (enhanced vegetation index, EVI) and climate, we ask how carbon assimilation and aboveground allocation are related to climate seasonality in tropical forests and how they interact in the seasonal carbon cycle. We found that canopy photosynthetic capacity seasonality responds positively to precipitation when rainfall is  < 2000 mm yr⁻¹ (water-limited forests) and to radiation otherwise (light-limited forests). On the other hand, independent of climate limitations, wood productivity and litterfall are driven by seasonal variation in precipitation and evapotranspiration, respectively. Consequently, light-limited forests present an asynchronism between canopy photosynthetic capacity and wood productivity. First-order control by precipitation likely indicates a decrease in tropical forest productivity in a drier climate in water-limited forest, and in current light-limited forest with future rainfall  < 2000 mm yr⁻¹

WagnerClimateSeasonalityLimits.pdf

The seasonal climate drivers of the carbon cycle in tropical forests remain poorly known, although these forests account for more carbon assimilation and storage than any other terrestrial ecosystem. Based on a unique combination of seasonal pan-tropical data sets from 89 experimental sites (68 include aboveground wood productivity measurements and 35 litter productivity measurements), their associated canopy photosynthetic capacity (enhanced vegetation index, EVI) and climate, we ask how carbon assimilation and aboveground allocation are related to climate seasonality in tropical forests and how they interact in the seasonal carbon cycle. We found that canopy photosynthetic capacity seasonality responds positively to precipitation when rainfall is  < 2000 mm yr⁻¹ (water-limited forests) and to radiation otherwise (light-limited forests). On the other hand, independent of climate limitations, wood productivity and litterfall are driven by seasonal variation in precipitation and evapotranspiration, respectively. Consequently, light-limited forests present an asynchronism between canopy photosynthetic capacity and wood productivity. First-order control by precipitation likely indicates a decrease in tropical forest productivity in a drier climate in water-limited forest, and in current light-limited forest with future rainfall  < 2000 mm yr⁻¹