Yield adaptability and stability of semi‑prostrate cowpea genotypes

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade produtiva de genótipos de feijão‑caupi (Vigna unguiculata) de porte semiprostrado. Foram avaliados 20 genótipos de feijão‑caupi com uso do modelo de efeitos aditivos principais e interação multiplicativa (AMMI) com genótipo e ambiente suplementares. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em nove ambientes (Balsas, MA, 2010; Balsas, MA, 2011; Bom Jesus, PI, 2010; Bom Jesus, PI, 2011; São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, MA, 2010; São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, MA, 2011; São João do Piauí, PI, 2011; Campo Grande do Piauí, PI, 2011; Buriti, MA, 2011), da região Meio‑Norte do Brasil, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com 20 tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os efeitos de genótipos, ambientes e da interação genótipo x ambiente foram significativos. Os genótipos diferiram quanto à adaptabilidade e à estabilidade da produtividade. A linhagem MNC03‑736F‑2 apresentou genes para adaptabilidade e estabilidade produtiva. Entre as cultivares avaliadas, BR 17‑Gurguéia e Pingo‑de‑Ouro‑1‑2 são as mais previsíveis, e a BRS Xiquexique é a mais adaptada. Entre os locais de teste, Balsas, MA, é o mais adequado para a seleção de genótipos superiores em adaptabilidade e estabilidade produtiva.The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield adaptability and stability of semi‑prostrate cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes. Twenty cowpea genotypes were evaluated using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model with supplementary genotype and environment. The trials were carried out in nine environments (Balsas, MA, 2010; Balsas, MA, 2011; Bom Jesus, PI, 2010; Bom Jesus, PI, 2011; São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, MA, 2010; São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, MA, 2011; São João do Piauí, PI, 2011; Campo Grande do Piauí, PI, 2011; Buriti, MA, 2011) of the Mid‑North region of Brazil in a randomized complete block design with 20 treatments and four replicates. The effects of genotypes, environments, and genotype x environment interaction were significant. Genotypes differed as to yield adaptability and stability. The line MNC03‑736F‑2 presented genes for yield adaptability and stability. Among the evaluated genotypes, BR 17‑Gurguéia and Pingo‑de‑Ouro‑1‑2 are the most predictable, and BRS Xiquexique is the most adapted. Among the test sites, Balsas, MA is the most appropriate for selection of genotypes superior for yield adaptability and stability

Adaptability and stability of mungbean genotypes in the Mid-North of Mato Grosso, Brazil

ABSTRACT Evaluation of genotype x environment interactions is essential in plant breeding aimed at adapting crops to new settings. Considering the need for research on the adaptation of mungbean to grain-production regions of Brazil, this study evaluated the agronomic performance, adaptability, and stability of mungbean production in the mid-north of Mato Grosso using different genotypes. Two experiments (with and without fertilizer application) were carried out in Sorriso and Sinop in 2019 and 2020, totaling eight environments. The treatments were 10 mungbean lines and the control cultivar BRSMG Camaleão. In general, significant differences among the treatments were observed in the yield, mass of 100 grains, and value for cultivation. The genotype x environment interactions were significant for yield. On average, the yield was in the range of 734-1305 kg ha-1, the mass of 100 grains was 4.63-6.56 g, and the value for cultivation was 2.08-3.56. Genotypes BRA-08654-1, BRA-000027, BRA-084654-2, and BG3 combined high average yield and mass of 100 grains. These genotypes also showed good adaptability for cultivation in the mid-north of Mato Grosso. The yellow seed-coated genotype BRA-084689 also showed good agronomic performance and adaptability. Genotypes BRA-08654-1, BRA-000027, BRA-084654-2, BRA-084689, and BG3 are promising for further experiments evaluating the value for cultivation and use, the final breeding stage consisting of tests at a national level

Genetic potential of segregating cowpea progenies regarding inflorescence type

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial genético produtivo de progênies de feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata) segregantes quanto ao tipo da inflorescência. Foram avaliadas 68 progênies F4 obtidas dos retrocruzamentos: (TV x 5058‑09C x Cacheado‑roxo) x TV x 5058‑09C e (AU94‑MOB‑816 x Cacheado‑roxo) x AU94‑MOB‑816, com os genitores. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, tendo‑se avaliado 17 progênies, com quatro repetições, em parcelas subdivididas quanto à inflorescência: simples e composta. A análise estatística foi realizada por modelos mistos via procedimento REML/BLUP. As estimativas das variâncias genéticas foram significativas para todos os caracteres estudados. Os caracteres comprimento do pedúnculo, número médio de vagens por pedúnculo e floração inicial apresentaram alta variabilidade e expressão do componente genético para a inflorescência composta. As progênies de inflorescência simples apresentam potencial genético produtivo similar às progênies de inflorescência composta. As progênies resultantes do retrocruzamento (AU94‑MOB‑816 x Cacheado‑roxo) x AU94‑MOB‑816 são promissoras como estratégia para aumentar os níveis atuais de produtividade do feijão-caupi.The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic yield potential of segregating cowpea progenies regarding inflorescence type. Sixty‑eight F4 progenies obtained from the backcrosses (TV x 5058‑09C x Curly‑purple) x TV x 5058‑09C, and (AU94‑MOB‑816 x Curly‑purple) x AU94‑MOB‑816, with parents, were evaluated. Two experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with 17 progenies and four replicates, in a split‑plot arrangement regarding inflorescence: simple and composite. The statistical analysis was carried out by mixed models via REML/BLUP procedure. The estimates of genetic variance were significant for all evaluated traits. The traits peduncle length, average number of pods per peduncle, and initial flowering showed high variability and expression of the composite inflorescence genetic component. Progenies with simple inflorescence show similar genetic yield potential to the progenies with composite inflorescence. The progenies resulting from the backcrosses (AU94‑MOB‑816 x Curly‑purple) x AU94‑MOB‑816 are promising as a strategy to increase the current levels of grain yield in cowpea

Multivariate analysis of ‘bacuri’ reproductive and vegetative morphology

The objective of this study was to characterize sixteen genotypes of P. insignis available in the Embrapa Meio-Norte germplasm collection (Teresina, Piauí, Brazil) with respect to 33 morphological traits relating to leaves, flowers, branches, fruits and seeds. Phenotypic variance among genotypes was estimated using the Mahalanobis distance technique and the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean analysis (UPGMA). The method of Singh (1981) was used to determine which of the traits contributed most to diversity within genotypes. The occurrence of phenotypic variability among P. insignis genotypes indicated that it would be possible to achieve positive gains with selection. The most distant genotypes were BGB 16 and BGB 48, while crosses between genotype BGB 48 and genotypes BGB 32 and BGB 56 offers the greatest potential as parental types for this fruit tree breeding programs . The flesh content, ovary and fruit length , ratio between fruit length and diameter were the characters that most contributed to diversity among the studied genotypes.O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar dezesseis genótipos de bacurizeiro disponível na Coleção de Germoplasma da Embrapa Meio-Norte (Teresina, Piauí, Brasil) com base em 33 caracteres relacionados à folha, flor, ramos, fruto e semente. A divergência fenotípica entre os genótipos foi estimada pela distância de Mahalanobis e a análise de agrupamento dos genótipos por meio do método hierárquico da ligação média não ponderada (UPGMA). O método de Singh foi utilizado na determinação de quais caracteres mais contribuem para a diversidade dos genótipos. Observou-se diversidade fenotípica significativa entre os genótipos estudados, indicando que é possível obter ganhos genéticos importantes por meio da seleção. Os genótipos BGB 16 e BGB 48 são os mais divergentes. Entretanto, cruzamentos entre o genótipo 48 e os genótipos BGB 32 e BGB 56 oferecem potencial como parentais em programas de melhoramento da frutífera. O teor de polpa, comprimento do fruto, comprimento do ovário e relação comprimento / diâmetro do fruto são os caracteres que mais contribuem para a diversidade entre os genótipos estudados

GENOTYPE BY ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN COWPEA LINES USING GGE BIPLOT METHOD

The GGE Biplot method is efficien to identify favorable genotypes and ideal environments for evaluation. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the genotype by environment interaction (G×E) and select elite lines of cowpea from genotypes, which are part of the cultivation and use value tests of the Embrapa Meio-Norte Breeding Program, for regions of the Brazilian Cerrado, by the GGE-Biplot method. The grain yield of 40 cowpea genotypes, 30 lines and 10 cultivars, was evaluated during three years (2010, 2011 and 2012) in three locations: Balsas (BAL), São Raimundo das Mangabeiras (SRM) and Primavera do Leste (PRL). The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and adjusted means were obtained to perform the GGE-Biplot analysis. The graphic results showed variation in the performance of the genotypes in the locations evaluated over the years. The performance of the lines MNC02-675F-4-9 and MNC02-675F-4-10 were considered ideal, with maximum yield and good stability in the locations evaluated. There mega-environments were formed, encompassing environments correlated positively. The lines MNC02-675F-4-9, MNC02-675F-9-3 and MNC02-701F-2 had the best performance within each mega-environment. The environment PRL10 and lines near this environment, such as MNC02-677F-2, MNC02-677F-5 and the control cultivar (BRS-Marataoã) could be classified as those of greater reliability, determined basically by the genotypic effects, with reduced G×E. Most of the environments evaluated were ideal for evaluation of G×E, since the genotypes were well discriminated on them. Therefore, the selection of genotypes with adaptability and superior performance for specific environments through the GGE-Biplot analysis was possible

Adaptability and yield stability of cowpea elite lines of semi-prostrate growth habit in the cerrado biome

ABSTRACT The effects of the genotype × environment interaction can be reduced by using cultivars with high adaptability and good yield stability. Studies on this subject allow identification of genotypes of predictable behavior, and responsive to environmental variations in specific and general conditions, in favorable or unfavorable environments. The objective of this work was to evaluate the adaptability and phenotypic stability of cowpea elite lines of semi-prostrate growth habit in the Cerrado biome in Brazil. Twenty cowpea genotypes of semi-prostrate growth habit were evaluated in nine VCU (value for cultivation and use) tests from 2010 to 2012. Grain yield data were subjected to analysis of variance, and stability and adaptability analyses were carried out by the methods of Eberhart and Russell (1966), Lin and Binns (1988) (modified), Wricke (1965), and Annicchiarico (1992). The method of Wricke (1965) was not very descriptive, since it indicates only the contribution of each genotype to the genotype × environment interaction. The results obtained by the methods of Lin and Binns (1988) (modified), Annicchiarico (1992) and Eberhart and Russell (1966) were more descriptive, and similar in indicating the most promising cultivar (BRS-Xiquexique) and lines (Pingo-de-Ouro-1-2, MNC02-676F-1, MNC01-649F-2-1 and MNC02-677F-2). These lines have potential for the development of new cultivars because they present adaptability and yield stability in the Cerrado biome of Brazil

ARTICLE - Path analysis of iron and zinc contents and others traits in cowpea

The objective of this study was to estimate the direct and indirect effects of agronomic and culinary traits on iron and zinc contents in 11 cowpea populations. Correlations between traits were estimated and decomposed into direct and indirect effects using path analysis. For the study populations, breeding for larger grain size, higher number of grains per pod, grain yield, reduced cooking time, and number of days to flowering can lead to decreases in the levels of iron and zinc in the grain. Genetic gains for the iron content can be obtained by direct selection for protein content by indirect effects on the number of grains per pod, 100-grain weight and grain yield. The positive direct effect of grain size and protein content on the zinc content indicates the possibility of simultaneous gain by combined selection of these traits