Keterbacaan Teks Buku Ajar Berbasis Aktivitas pada Materi Ruang Lingkup Biologi Kelas X SMA

Keterbacaan merupakan sebuah penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesesuaian buku ajar berbasis aktivitas pada materi ruang lingkup biologi kelas X SMA untuk kelas X. Metode keterbacaan buku ajar yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Keterbacaan buku ajar diukur menggunakan formula keterbacaan grafik Fry. Hasil keterbacaan menunjukkan bahwa teks buku ajar berbasis aktivitas berada pada tingkatan 10, dengan artian buku ajar berbasis aktivitas cocok untuk digunakan pada pembelajaran kelas X SMA Kata kunci : keterbacaan teks, grafik Fry, materi ruang lingkup biolog

Microbial dynamics during various activities in residential areas of Lahore, Pakistan

Bioaerosols are ubiquitous in the atmosphere with their levels affected by a variety of environmental factors as well as type of activities being carried out at any specific time. The present study investigated how indoor activities influence bioaerosol concentrations in five residential houses of Lahore. Agar coated petri plates were exposed face upwards for twenty minutes in kitchens and living rooms during activity and non-activity periods. The temperature and relative humidity levels were noted as well. The bioaerosol concentrations in kitchens during the activity time ranged between 1022 to 4481 cfu/m3 and in living rooms from 1179 to 3183 cfu/m3 . Lower values were observed during non-activity periods. A paired-t test revealed a significant difference in bacterial loads during activity and non-activity times in both micro-environments (p = 0.038 in kitchen and p = 0.021 in living room). The predominant species identified were Micrococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Bacillus spp. which are a common constituent of the indoor environment and are known to be opportunistic pathogens as well

Measurement of NO2 indoor and outdoor concentrations in selected public schools of Lahore using passive sampler

Higher levels of NO2 are a danger to human health especially for children. A seven day study was carried to find out the ambient concentrations of NO2in 27 schools of Lahore with the help of passive samplers. In each school three sites were selected, viz: laboratory, corridor and outdoors. After 7 days exposure the tubes were subjected to spectrophotometric analysis. Results showed that the maximum values measured in laboratory, outdoor and corridors were 376µg/m3 , 222µg/m3 and 77µg/m3 . Minimum values for laboratory, outdoor and corridors were 10µg/m3 , 20µg/m3 and 8µg/m3 . Factors affecting these values were laboratory activities and proximity to main roads. These values were significantly higher than the standard values defined by EPA. Therefore children in schools were at risk of developing health complications

Financial development, fiscal policy and economic growth: The role of institutional quality in Pakistan

The study examines the influence of financial development, fiscal policy , and institutional quality on Pakistan’s economic growth. We investigate whether financial development and or fiscal policies promote economic growth. We also analyse the effect of institutional quality on economic growth in Pakistan. We use time series data from 1985 - 2016 , and use GDP to proxy economic growth. We use unit - root tests to check for stationary of our sample. We perform a logarithmic transformation on the series to reduce outlier effects and use Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model . The results show that financial development and revenue have a positive impact on growth. Our study results implicate that sound, strategic, and result - oriented policies should be formulated to transform our institutions and financial sectors into the well organized, powerful, and trusted frameworks. These transformations will ensure efficient and productive utilization of savings

Microbial dynamics during various activities in residential areas of Lahore, Pakistan

Bioaerosols are ubiquitous in the atmosphere with their levels affected by a variety of environmental factors as well as type of activities being carried out at any specific time. The present study investigated how indoor activities influence bioaerosol concentrations in five residential houses of Lahore. Agar coated petri plates were exposed face upwards for twenty minutes in kitchens and living rooms during activity and non-activity periods. The temperature and relative humidity levels were noted as well. The bioaerosol concentrations in kitchens during the activity time ranged between 1022 to 4481 cfu/m3 and in living rooms from 1179 to 3183 cfu/m3. Lower values were observed during non-activity periods. A paired-t test revealed a significant difference in bacterial loads during activity and non-activity times in both micro-environments (p = 0.038 in kitchen and p = 0.021 in living room). The predominant species identified were Micrococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Bacillus spp. which are a common constituent of the indoor environment and are known to be opportunistic pathogens as well

Orbital aspergillus infection mimicking a tumour: a case report

A 14-year-old male presented to the neurosurgical clinic with swelling just above the right eye which had been growing slowly for the last eight years. The swelling first appeared following a non-penetrating trauma eight years ago. On examination it was a non-tender, non-erythematous, firm, round swelling causing marked proptosis and diplopia on downward gaze only. The visual acuity was intact. MRI showed an intraorbital, extraconal mass isointense on T1 and hypointense on T2 imaging. A diagnosis of orbital tumor was made. A white, friable mass consistent with meningioma was resected. However histopathology report later showed it to be an Aspergilloma. The patient was successfully treated with anti-fungal medicine and was disease-free at one year follow-up

PM2.5 ARISING FROM DIFFERENT COOKING FUELS IN RURAL RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

A study was conducted in the rural area of Kasur district, Pakistan to monitor PM2.5levels generated by different fuel types. Three rural houses were selected, one burning wood as primary cooking fuel while the other two employed LPG for cooking purposes. Burning of wood caused PM levels to increase 37 times above the WHO recommended limit of 25 µg/m³ while smoking also contributed significantly increasing PM levels up to 48 times than the recommended limit. LPG was observed to increase the levels up to 14 times. It is important to promote the use of cleaner fuels as increased exposure to PM levels generated by biomass fuel burning can have a significant impact upon human health

Particulate pollution in urban residential built environments during winter and summer seasons in Lahore, Pakistan

Indoor air pollution in urban residential areas of developing countries is of growing public health concern. The seasonal variation in mass concentration of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10was investigated in a residential built environment in Lahore, Pakistan by two DustTrak aerosol monitor (model 8520, TSI Inc.) during the winter and summer season. The measurements were carried out in the kitchen and living room simultaneously.The 24-hr meanconcentrationsfor PM1, PM2.5 and PM10in the kitchen and living room during the winter season were 157μg/m3 (±54), 733 μg/m3(±243), 409 μg/m3(±177) and 135μg/m3 (±39), 240 μg/m3 (±87), 300 μg/m3 (±115), respectively.During the summer the 24-hr mass concentration, for the same size fraction, in the kitchen and living room fell to 37μg/m3 (±4), 74μg/m3 (±11), 100 μg/m3 (±22) and31μg/m3 (±4), 71 μg/m3 (±19), 190 μg/m3 (±21), respectively. Apart from a higher concentration in winter than summer, a vast variation in 24hr and hourly mean concentration was also observed in the latter than in the former.Moreover background concentrations (hourly minimum) were also higher in winter than summer. These clearly highlight the impact of ventilation on indoor particulate matter as the sampling spaces (kitchen and living room) were more ventilated in summer than winter. The higher concentrationof the coarse size fraction in the living room than in the kitchen during summer time also shows the contribution from outdoor sources. These findings highlightthe impact of location, use and management of a residential built environment on exposure to indoor air pollutants