Plea Decision-making: the Influence of Attorney Expertise, Trustworthiness, and Recommendation

Attorney recommendations influence defendant plea decisions; and the degree of influence likely rests on the perceived trustworthiness and level of expertise of the attorney (factors of source credibility). We explored attorney source credibility factors and how these characteristics influence defendants’ plea decision-making. MTurk participants read a hypothetical plea scenario and were asked to imagine themselves as the defendant in a DWI/DUI case making a plea decision; in the scenario, we manipulated the defense attorney’s level of trustworthiness, expertise, and plea recommendation. There was a significant interaction between attorney recommendation and trustworthiness on defendants’ plea decisions; participants who were advised to accept the guilty plea were more likely to plead guilty when the attorney was high in trustworthiness compared to low in trustworthiness. Attorney trustworthiness did not affect plea decisions for defendants advised to reject the guilty plea. Importantly, attorney trustworthiness affected defendants’ decision to follow the attorney’s recommendation and ultimate plea decision (regardless of expertise), and attorney expertise affected defendants’ confidence in their decision (regardless of trustworthiness). Results suggest individual-level characteristics of defense attorneys affect the influence of the attorney and their recommendation, and ultimately defendants’ plea decision-making

Pulse Train™, a Novel Digital Control Method, Applied to a Discontinuous Conduction Mode Flyback Converter

Pulse TrainTM, a new digital control technique for DC-DC converters is introduced and applied to a Flyback converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). In contrast to the conventional analog control methods, the principal idea of this new algorithm is to use real time analysis. The proposed technique is appropriate for any converter operating in DCM. However, this work mainly focuses on Flyback converter. In this paper, the main mathematical concept of the new control algorithm is introduced and simulations as well as experimental results are presented

Suitability of Pulse Train™, A Novel Digitally Implemented Real-Time Control Technique, for BIFRED Converter

Pulse TrainTM, a new control scheme, is presented and applied to a BIFRED converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), which avoids the light-load high-voltage stress problem. In contrast to the conventional control techniques, the principal idea of Pulse Train is to regulate the output voltage using a series of high and low energy pulses generated by the current of the inductor. In this paper, applicability of the proposed technique to both the input and magnetizing inductances of BIFRED converter is investigated. Analysis of BIFRED converter operating in DCM as well as the output voltage ripple estimation are given. Experimental results on a prototype converter are also presented

Suitability of Pulse Train Control Technique for BIFRED Converter

Pulse TrainTM control scheme is presented and applied to a boost integrated flyback rectifier/energy storage dc-dc (BIFRED) converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), which avoids the light-load high-voltage stress problem. In contrast to the conventional control techniques, the principal idea of Pulse Train technique is to regulate the output voltage using a series of high and low energy pulses generated by the current of the inductor. The applicability of the proposed technique to both the input and magnetizing inductances of BIFRED converter is investigated. Analysis of BIFRED converter operating in DCM as well as the output voltage ripple estimation are given. Experimental results on a prototype converter are also presented

SOCIAL ATTENTION THEORY: A NEW LOOK AT KNOWLEDGE FORMATION IN GROUPS

Individuals in crowded theaters, stadiums and lecture halls know that they attend to the events on the stage, on the field, and at the podium with others. Extending the literature on social foundations of knowledge formation, Social Attention Theory posits that knowingly attending to a stimulus with one's group renders that stimulus more cognitively accessible in memory. The theory is tested across three studies where participants attend to stimuli such as words (study 1), goals (study 2), and time pressure (study 3) with members of their group or a control group. Across all three experiments, participants exhibited greater cognitive accessibility for the stimuli attended to with their group (i.e., similar others). Results also showed that individuals felt more social when attending to stimuli with their group, but did not feel happier, more motivated or more alert

THE CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY OF REVENGE IN THE UNITES STATES AND SOUTH KOREA

Although there has been notable progress in the study of the revenge (Vidmar, 2001) its triggers and processes have eluded cross-cultural investigation. I argue that although revenge is likely a universal phenomenon, the process of revenge may be culture-specific. A unifying theme of this thesis is the influence of the cultured self-construal (Markus & Kitayama, 1991; Markus & Wurf, 1987) on the stages of the revenge process: naming, blaming and claiming. Two scenario studies, carried out in the United States and South Korea examined the theory presented. The results generally support the hypotheses posited. Most notably, the found cross-national differences in cognitions of harm, blame and revenge intentions were mediated by construals of the self. Theoretical implications for further cross-cultural study of the revenge process are discussed

Pulse Train Control Technique for Flyback Converter

Pulse TrainTM control technique is introduced and applied to flyback converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). In contrast to the conventional pulse width modulation (PWM) control scheme, the principal idea of Pulse Train is to achieve output voltage regulation using high and low power pulses. The proposed technique is applicable to any converter operating in DCM. However, this work mainly focuses on flyback topology. In this paper, the main mathematical concept of the new control algorithm is introduced and simulations as well as experimental results are presented

Интуитивная экспертиза в прогнозах социальных процессов (методика «Трехфазный движок»)

Статья посвящена проблеме обоснования краткосрочных научно-практических прогнозов социальных процессов на основе интуитивной экспертизы. Рассматривается методика экспертных интервью «Трехфазный движок», способствующая снижению рисков ошибочных прогнозов такого типа. Особенностями методики являются: 1) использование в выборке для экспертных интервью, нацеленных на краткосрочный прогноз, двух типов экспертов — «эксперты для рабочей модели феномена» и «эксперты по отдельным факторам этой модели»; 2) вместо анализа интервью с мультидис-циплинарными «экспертами по будущему» проводится анализ экспертизы по факторам, определяющим состояние социального явления; результаты анализа этих факторов составляют основу прогноза; 3) при использовании в прогнозах интуитивной экспертизы применяется методика «удержания» эксперта в поле профессиональной компетенции, основанная на идее «экспертизы на тонких срезах» Малкольма Гладуэлла. Применение методики на практике иллюстрировано примером краткосрочного прогноза развития предприятий технопарка при саратовском вузе. Рассматривается проблема выборки для экспертных интервью в целях краткосрочных научно-практических прогнозов особых типов экспертов — «сталкеров», которые уже имеют опыт соприкосновения с «будущим». Оцениваются перспективы и приводятся примеры использования в интуитивной экспертизе прогноза развития социальных процессов «метода Ферми»

Association of Personality Facets with Unique Dimensions of PTSD

The present study aims to examine which maladaptive and Big Five personality traits, as well as which lower order facets, are related to symptoms specific to PTSD (i.e., intrusions and avoidance). Unique effects were isolated by controlling for nonspecific general depression that occurs in the disorder but is not specific to it. 707 undergraduate students were administered a self-report online survey to assess their personality, trauma history, PTSD and mood symptoms. Additionally, data from 536 9/11 World Trade Center (WTC) responders who have been administered personality, PTSD, and mood surveys as part of a longitudinal study were analyzed. As expected, neuroticism was highly correlated with PTSD, but had fewer associations with PTSD dimensions after controlling for depression. Trust and agreeableness emerged as important, being negatively related to PTSD, while most maladaptive personality domains and facets were positively related to PTSD (perceptual dysregulation had the highest association). Other traits, such as antagonism and openness, were not significantly related to PTSD. There is growing evidence that clinical interventions can change personality traits; the present study provides new personality targets for intervention that are uniquely related to PTSD

ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ИНСТРУМЕНТОВ ПОЛИТИКИ ПРОТЕКЦИОНИЗМА В ПРОЦЕССЕ ПРЕОДОЛЕНИЯ КРИЗИСА ИЗБЫТОЧНЫХ МОЩНОСТЕЙ В ЧЕРНОЙ МЕТАЛЛУРГИИ

The article focuses on strengthening of protectionism policy and on trade defense measures, which significantly influence the current global steel market situation. The detailed analyses of the type, product scope and potential effect on international iron and steel market was conducted. The characteristics of the crisis period of exceed capacities problem caused by structural disbalance of global supply and demand in combination with the further steel products consumption decline are presented in the article. The particular focus is on the effectiveness evaluation of protectionism policy on the national level taken the US steel market as an example. The study concludes that protectionism policy of 2017-2019 not only has not solved the global problem of steel exceed capacities, but also escalated national level challenges: lack of motivation of local manufactures to decrease emissions, high unemployment rate and consumer product prices growth. The core outcome of the article is that unbased import trade barriers in steel sector are ineffective for global and national problems solving and that the only way is to implement coordinated actions by the major global steel market players