Investigation the Antioxidant and the Antimicrobial Effects of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extract of Astragals. on In-vitro Indicator Microorganisms

Abstract: Extraction was performed by using maceration method for dried flower sample. Then, the antimicrobial effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts on eight bacterial sp. and two fungi were tested using disc diffusion method. The antioxidant effect was also determined through ferric reducing potency and phosphor molybdenum followed by total phenol determination.  Introduction: The Astragals. is high in certain antioxidants. The fruit is noted for its high level of vitamin C, and is used to make syrup, tea, and marmalade. It has been grown or encouraged in the wild for the production of vitamin C from its fruit (often as rose-hip syrup), especially during conditions of scarcity or during wartime. The species has also been introduced to other temperate latitudes. During World War II in the United States, Rosa canina was planted in victory gardens, and can still be found growing throughout the country, including roadsides and in wet, sandy areas along the coastlines. Methods and Results: Extraction was performed by using maceration method for dried flower sample. Then, the antimicrobial effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts on eight bacterial sp. and two fungi were tested using disc diffusion method. The antioxidant effect was also determined through ferric reducing potency and phosphomolybdenum followed by total phenol determination. Finally, partial detection of bioactive compounds was conducted using chemical and calorimetric methods. The results showed that ethanolic extract had the most antimicrobial effect; while aqueous extract weakly affected bacterial and fungal strains. Antioxidant experiments also revealed that ethanol extract had more antioxidant effects than aqueous extract. The most content of total phenolic compounds was found in ethanol extract. The results of the plant chemical determination showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, tannins, glycosides, and reducing sugars. Conclusions: Considering that few reports about the therapeutic effect of Astragals. has been published, this study could be considered as a valuable report about the important role of this plant on preventing infections and neutralizing oxidant agents

Antioxidant Study Of Berberis Integerrima Aqueous Extracts Using Cyclic Voltammetry

Introduction: Natural antioxidants, particularly in fruits and vegetables have gained increasing interest among consumers and the scientific community because epidemiological studies have indicated that frequent consumption of natural antioxidants is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer.The Fruit of Berberis  integerrima were collected from tarom, Iran, during Sep 2017. Methods and Results: Extraction was performed by using maceration method for dried flower sample. The aqueous extract of the Fruit of Berberis vulgaris were obtained by adding 1 l of boiling water to 500 g of  powdered plant material in a glass 2.5-l flask and incubated at room temperature for 8 h on a rotating shaker  (200 rpm). The aqueous extract was filtered using Whatman No. 1 filter paper and then concentrated in  vacuum at 40 °C using a rotary evaporator.  in  recent  decades,  the  oxidation  potentials determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV), enable a  comparative  investigation  of  the  antioxidant  potency  of  phenolics  like  benzoic  acids,  hydroxycinnamic  acids, and  flavonoids,  with distinction  between substrate types. Low  oxidation potentials values  reflect  the propensity of a given molecule for electron donation and thus,  for exhibiting  significant  antioxidant (antiradical) activity.The oxidation behavior of Berberis  integerrima was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in a solution of 200 mM Berberis  integerrima in pH= 5 acetate buffer. In the first cyclic voltammogram, two anodic peaks were observed at scan rate v=100 mV s_1, first peak  at Epa =0.660 V and second peak  at Epa =‏850 V. On the CV negative-going scan, two small cathodic peaks, peak  at Epc =‏0.35 V and peak at Epc =‏0.48 V appeared. These two peaks correspond to the reduction of the berberine oxidation product formed at the GCE  (glassy carbon electrode) surface during the first positive going scan. Conclusions: The electrochemical behavior of Berberis  integerrima was investigated by cyclic , differential pulse and square-wave voltammetry over a wide pH range. The oxidation is a quasireversible, diffusion-controlled process, and the oxidation occurs in a complex cascade electron and proton transfer mechanism. In acid buffer electrolyte, three consecutive charge transfer processes were observed whereas in neutral and alkaline media, due to a homogenous reaction in solution, only two oxidation processes occur

Performance of reinforced concrete and timber structure at Kuala Muda Kedah during the tsunami

An earthquake at the Richter scale of 9.3 occurred near northwest coast of Aceh Indonesia underneath Indian Ocean in 2004. This earthquake triggered series of large tsunamis that killed around 250,000 people including 68 deaths in Malaysia. The most affected areas in Malaysia territory were the northern coastal region especially at Kuala Muda, Kedah. The major focus of this study is investigation of the effect of tsunami on performance of buildings subjected to alteration of shear forces and moments. Behavior of engineered (reinforced concrete structure) and non-engineered (timber structure) buildings subjected to tsunami-induced forces comprising hydrodynamic and debris impact is discussed both types of structures existed in the devastated area. Site investigation showed non-engineered structures especially low-rise timber ones suffer a greater degree of structural and non-structural damages. According to the fact that from all key parameters related to run-up of tsunami, only the parameters related to trees which can block the Tsunami waves, may be controlled. So, the best way to reduce the run up is planting trees according to the suitable methods especially in area that directly faces the sea