Problematika Permohonan Grasi Menurut Undang-undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2002

According to executor attorney opinion, no time limit for application clemency, it wills be performing deep constraint on dead punishment execution. Execution of dead punishment also constraint by rule that allows criminal to propose the second clemency application. This constraint still is added by condition that second clemency application is two years of first clemency rejection. Meanwhile according to criminal lawyer reception, with no rule upon, constitute a advantage by criminal dead, since it can propose clemency without time limit for first clemency application and also second application, so execution could be delayed. At Yogyakarta court since year 2002 until now there is no criminal propose clemencies. It is caused, firstly, certain verdict type that could be requested for clemency, secondary by apply clemency cause dead sentence is no postpone except for dead verdict, thirdly most criminal on narcotic and drug abuse case was pleased with first grade verdict

A Polyoxometalate–Cyanometalate Multilayered Coordination Network

The reaction of the ε-Keggin polyoxometalate (POM) [PMo₁₂O₃₆(OH)₄{La­(H₂O)₄}₄]⁵⁺ with Fe^II(CN)₆^4– under typical bench conditions at room temperature and ambient pressure has afforded the novel [ε-PMo₁₂O₃₇(OH)₃{La­(H₂O)₅(Fe­(CN)₆)_0.25}₄] network, which exhibits a three-dimensional multilayered structure. The compound has been fully characterized by synchrotron-radiation X-ray crystallography, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. This coordination network constitutes the first example of a cyanometalate bonded to a POM unit

Super-Ionic Conductive Magnet Based on a Cyano-Bridged Mn–Nb Bimetal Assembly

A two-dimensional manganese-octacyanoniobate based magnet, Mn^II₃[Nb^IV(CN)₈]₂(4-aminopyridine)₁₀(4-aminopyridinium)₂·12H₂O, was prepared. This compound shows a spin-flip transition with a critical magnetic field value of ca. 200 Oe, which originates from metamagnetism. In addition, an impedance measurement indicates that this compound is a super-ionic conductor with 4.6 × 10^–4 S cm^–1. The observed super-ionic conductivity is explained by the proton conduction (so-called the Grotthuss mechanism) through the hydrogen-bonding network, i.e., Lewis acidity of the Mn ion accelerates the deprotonation of the ligand water molecules, and then the released proton propagates via ligand water molecules, noncoordinated water molecules, and 4-aminopyridinium cations

Green to Red Luminescence Switchable by Excitation Light in Cyanido-Bridged Tb^III–W^V Ferromagnet

Green to Red Luminescence Switchable by Excitation Light in Cyanido-Bridged Tb^III–W^V Ferromagne

Magnetic Dimensional Crossover from Two- to Three-Dimensional Heisenberg Magnetism in a Cu–W Cyano-Bridged Bimetal Assembly

In this work, we synthesized a cyano-bridged Cu–W bimetal assembly, [Cu^II(pyrimidine)₂]₄­[Cu^II(H₂O)₂]₂[W^V(CN)₈]₄·4H₂O (<b>1</b>), which has a monoclinic crystal structure (<i>P</i>2₁/<i>n</i> space group, <i>a</i> = 15.7365(3) Å, <i>b</i> = 21.1555(4) Å, <i>c</i> = 27.1871(5) Å, β = 91.8630(7)°, and <i>Z</i> = 4). In this compound, Cu and W sites form two-dimensional (2-D) layers along the <i>ab</i> plane, while the other Cu sites are bridged between the 2-D layers, constructing a three-dimensional (3-D) structure. The magnetic susceptibility measurement showed that ferromagnetic interaction operates in the magnetic spins of the present compound. The field-cooled-magnetization (FCM) curve indicates that the magnetization gradually increases in the temperature range of ca. 40–8 K, and the spontaneous magnetization appears at a Curie temperature of 8 K. To understand the anomalous magnetization increase in the temperature range of ca. 40–8 K, we measured the magnetic heat capacity (<i>C</i>_mag). The <i>C</i>_mag vs <i>T</i> plots have a broad peak around 18 K and a sharp peak at 8 K. Such a type of <i>C</i>_mag vs <i>T</i> plots indicates a dimensional crossover from a 2-D to a 3-D Heisenberg magnetic model. This is because <b>1</b> has a pseudo 2-D network structure; that is, the magnitude of the intralayer superexchange interaction is much larger than that of the interlayer superexchange interaction. Such a magnetic dimensional crossover is a rare and intriguing issue in the field of magnetic substances

High Thermal Durability of Water-Free Copper-Octacyanotungsten-Based Magnets Containing Halogen Bonds

Two-dimensional (2-D) cyano-bridged Cu–W bimetallic assemblies that include halogen-substituted pyridine molecules, [Cu^II(3-iodopyridine)₄][Cu^II(3-iodopyridine)₂]₂[W^V(CN)₈]₂ (<b>1</b>) (triclinic crystal structure, <i>P</i>1̅ space group), [Cu^II(3-bromopyridine)₄][Cu^II(3-bromopyridine)₂]₂[W^V(CN)₈]₂ (<b>2</b>) (triclinic, <i>P</i>1̅), and [Cu^II(3-chloropyridine)₂(H₂O)₂][Cu^II(3-chloropyridine)₂]₂[W^V(CN)₈]₂·4H₂O (<b>3</b>) (monoclinic, <i>P</i>2₁/<i>c</i>), were synthesized. Thermogravimetric measurements demonstrate that <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> have high thermal durability up to ca. 150 °C (423 K) due to the lack of water molecules in the crystal and the stacked Cu–W 2-D layers with halogen bonding between halogen-substituted pyridine and the cyano nitrogen of octacyanotungstate. In contrast, <b>3</b> exhibits weight loss above ca. 50 °C (323 K) as the water molecules between the 2-D layers are removed upon heating. Magnetic measurements show that <b>1</b>–<b>3</b> are ferromagnets due to parallel ordering of the magnetic spins on Cu^II (<i>S</i> = 1/2) and W^V (<i>S</i> = 1/2) with Curie temperatures (<i>T</i>_C) of 4.7 K (<b>1</b>), 5.2 K (<b>2</b>), and 7.2 K (<b>3</b>)

Magnetic Dimensional Crossover from Two- to Three-Dimensional Heisenberg Magnetism in a Cu–W Cyano-Bridged Bimetal Assembly

In this work, we synthesized a cyano-bridged Cu–W bimetal assembly, [Cu^II(pyrimidine)₂]₄­[Cu^II(H₂O)₂]₂[W^V(CN)₈]₄·4H₂O (<b>1</b>), which has a monoclinic crystal structure (<i>P</i>2₁/<i>n</i> space group, <i>a</i> = 15.7365(3) Å, <i>b</i> = 21.1555(4) Å, <i>c</i> = 27.1871(5) Å, β = 91.8630(7)°, and <i>Z</i> = 4). In this compound, Cu and W sites form two-dimensional (2-D) layers along the <i>ab</i> plane, while the other Cu sites are bridged between the 2-D layers, constructing a three-dimensional (3-D) structure. The magnetic susceptibility measurement showed that ferromagnetic interaction operates in the magnetic spins of the present compound. The field-cooled-magnetization (FCM) curve indicates that the magnetization gradually increases in the temperature range of ca. 40–8 K, and the spontaneous magnetization appears at a Curie temperature of 8 K. To understand the anomalous magnetization increase in the temperature range of ca. 40–8 K, we measured the magnetic heat capacity (<i>C</i>_mag). The <i>C</i>_mag vs <i>T</i> plots have a broad peak around 18 K and a sharp peak at 8 K. Such a type of <i>C</i>_mag vs <i>T</i> plots indicates a dimensional crossover from a 2-D to a 3-D Heisenberg magnetic model. This is because <b>1</b> has a pseudo 2-D network structure; that is, the magnitude of the intralayer superexchange interaction is much larger than that of the interlayer superexchange interaction. Such a magnetic dimensional crossover is a rare and intriguing issue in the field of magnetic substances

4‑Bromopyridine-Induced Chirality in Magnetic M^II-[Nb^IV(CN)₈]^4– (M = Zn, Mn, Ni) Coordination Networks

The introduction of 4-bromopyridine (4-Brpy) to a self-assembled M^II-[Nb^IV(CN)₈] (M = 3d metal ion) coordination system results in the formation of three-dimensional cyanido-bridged networks, {[M^II(4-Brpy)₄]₂­[Nb^IV(CN)₈]}­·<i>n</i>H₂O (M = Zn, <i>n</i> = 1, <b>1</b>; M = Mn, <i>n</i> = 0.5, <b>2</b>; M = Ni, <i>n</i> = 2, <b>3</b>). All these compounds are coordination frameworks composed of octahedral [M^II(4-Brpy)₄­(μ-NC)₂] complexes bonded to square antiprismatic [Nb^IV(CN)₈]^4– ions bearing four bridging and four terminal cyanides. <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> crystallize in the chiral <i>I</i>4₁22 space group as the mixture of two enantiomorphic forms, named <b>1</b>(<b>+</b>)/<b>1</b>(<b>−</b>) and <b>2</b>(<b>+</b>)/<b>2</b>(<b>−</b>), respectively. The chirality is here induced by the spatial arrangement of nonchiral but sterically expanded 4-Brpy ligands positioned around M^II centers in the distorted square geometry, which gives two distinguishable types of coordination helices, A and B, along a 4-fold screw axis. The (+) forms contain left handed helices A, and right handed helices B, while the opposite helicity is presented in the (−) enantiomers. On the contrary, <b>3</b> crystallizes in the nonchiral <i>Fddd</i> space group and creates only one type of helix. Half of them are right handed, and the second half are left handed, which originates from the ideally symmetrical arrangement of 4-Brpy around Ni^II and results in the overall nonchiral character of the network. <b>1</b> is a paramagnet due to paramagnetic Nb^IV centers separated by diamagnetic Zn^II. <b>2</b> is a ferrimagnet below a critical temperature, <i>T</i>_c of 28 K, which is due to the CN^–-mediated antiferromagnetic coupling within Mn–NC–Nb linkages. <b>3</b> reveals a ferromagnetic type of Ni^II–Nb^IV interaction leading to a ferromagnetic ordering below <i>T</i>_c of 16 K, and a hysteresis loop with a coercive field of 1400 Oe at 2 K. Thus, <b>1</b> is a chiral paramagnet, <b>3</b> is a nonchiral ferromagnet, and <b>2</b> combines both of these functionalities, being a rare example of a chiral molecule-based magnet whose chirality is induced by the noninnocent 4-Brpy ligands

Mixed-Valence Cobalt(II/III)–Octacyanidotungstate(IV/V) Ferromagnet

We report a mixed-valence cobalt­(II/III)–octacyanidotungstate­(IV/V) magnet, [Co^II(H₂O)]₂[Co^III{μ-(<i>R</i>)-1-(4-pyridyl)­ethanol}₂]­[W^IV(CN)₈]­[W^V(CN)₈]·5H₂O. Synchrotron-radiation X-ray single crystal structural analysis, infrared spectrum, and density-functional theory (DFT) calculation indicate that this compound has a chiral structure with the <i>P</i>2₁ space group and both Co^II(<i>S</i> = 3/2)–NC–W^V(<i>S</i> = 1/2) and Co^III(<i>S</i> = 0)–NC–W^IV(<i>S</i> = 0) moieties, which are structurally distinguishable in the crystal structure. Magnetic measurements reveal that this compound exhibits ferromagnetism with a Curie temperature of 11 K and a coercive field of 1500 Oe, which is caused by the coexistence of the superexchange interaction in the Co^II–W^V chain and double exchange interaction between the chains

Chiral Ln^III(tetramethylurea)–[W^V(CN)₈] Coordination Chains Showing Slow Magnetic Relaxation

We prepared a series of isostructural chiral cyanido-bridged zigzag chains [Ln­(tmu)₅]­[W­(CN)₈] (Ln = Gd, <b>1</b>; Tb, <b>2</b>; Dy, <b>3</b>; Ho, <b>4</b>; Er, <b>5</b>; Tm, <b>6</b>) using achiral tmu = tetramethylurea. Their chiral character was confirmed with single crystal X-ray diffraction and circular dichroism measurements. Magnetic studies show antiferromagnetic interactions within cyanido-bridged Ln^III–W^V pairs, and interchain ordering of net spins in <b>1</b>, <b>4</b>, and <b>5</b>. It is worth to emphasize that Dy-, Er-, and Tm-based systems combine magnetic field-induced slow magnetic relaxation and chirality. Analysis of AC magnetic data with two relaxation processes for <b>5</b> gives energy barrier Δ_τ/<i>k</i>_B = 1.2(3) K and relaxation time τ₀ = 2.63(8) × 10^–2 s, and Δ_τ/<i>k</i>_B = 22(2) K and τ₀ = 1.21(3) × 10^–8 s. Cole–Cole function fits for <b>3</b> and <b>6</b> result in Δ_τ/<i>k</i>_B = 17(1) K, τ₀ = 1.68(3) × 10^–6 s and Δ_τ/<i>k</i>_B = 5.7(3) K, τ₀ = 1.53(4) × 10^–2 s, respectively. Slower relaxation processes have been assigned to dipole–dipole interactions while faster ones to single ion magnet behavior of Ln­(III) ions