154 research outputs found
Magnetically tunable exciton valley coherence in monolayer WS mediated by the electron-hole exchange and exciton-phonon interactions
We develop a model, which incorporates both intra- and intervalley
scatterings to master equation, to explore exciton valley coherence in
monolayer WS subjected to magnetic field. For linearly polarized (LP)
excitation accompanied with an initial coherence, our determined valley
dynamics manifests the coherence decay being faster than the exciton population
relaxation, and agrees with experimental data by Hao et al.[Nat. Phys. 12, 677
(2016)]. Further, we reveal that magnetic field may quench the electron-hole
(e-h) exchange induced pure dephasing -- a crucial decoherence source -- as a
result of lifting of valley degeneracy, allowing to magnetically regulate
valley coherence. In particular, at low temperatures for which the
exciton-phonon (ex-ph) interaction is weak, we find that the coherence time is
expected to attain ps, facilitating full control
of qubits based on the valley pseudospin. For dark excitons, we demonstrate an
emerging coherence even in the absence of initial coherent state, which has a
long coherence time ( ps) at low temperature. Our work provides an
insight into tunable valley coherence and coherent valley control based on dark
excitons.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
VIP5: Towards Multimodal Foundation Models for Recommendation
Computer Vision (CV), Natural Language Processing (NLP), and Recommender
Systems (RecSys) are three prominent AI applications that have traditionally
developed independently, resulting in disparate modeling and engineering
methodologies. This has impeded the ability for these fields to directly
benefit from each other's advancements. With the recent development of
foundation models, large language models have emerged as a potential
general-purpose interface for unifying different modalities and problem
formulations. In light of this, we propose the development of a multimodal
foundation model (MFM) considering visual, textual, and personalization
modalities under the P5 recommendation paradigm, thus named VIP5 (Visual P5),
to unify various modalities and recommendation tasks. This will enable the
processing of multiple modalities in a shared architecture for improved
recommendations. To achieve this, we introduce multimodal personalized prompts
to accommodate multiple modalities under a shared format. Additionally, we
propose a parameter-efficient training method for foundation models, which
involves freezing the P5 backbone and fine-tuning lightweight adapters,
resulting in improved recommendation performance and increased efficiency in
terms of training time and memory usage. Code and data of VIP5 are available at
https://github.com/jeykigung/VIP5.Comment: Accepted by EMNLP 202
Supercontinuum comb generated by soliton molecule pulse laser injecting into a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror
Funding This work is financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (61805281); Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (2019A1515010732).Peer reviewedPostprin
Efficacy of 1% fipronil dust of activated carbon against subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki in laboratory conditions
Toxicity and horizontal transmission of 1% fipronil dust of activated carbon were measured using the subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki in laboratory conditions. 1% fipronil dust of activated carbon has delayed toxicity towards C. formosanus compared with 0.5% fipronil dust of French chalk; knockdown times KT50 and KT90 were delayed by >9 and >15 h respectively. Furthermore, 1% fipronil dust of activated carbon showed excellent primary and secondary horizontal transfer levels. In primary horizontal transfer, recipient mortalities reached 100% by 24, 48 and 72 h at donor-recipient ratios of 1:1, 1:5 and 1:10, respectively. High transfer efficacies were also found if donor-recipient ratios were greatly increased: mortality reached 100% at 9 d at ratio 1:25 and >90% at 12 d at 1:50. In secondary horizontal transfer, the toxicant transmitting ability of C. formosanus was greater when the primary horizontal transfer ratio was lower, and the highest transfer efficacy was found with a donor-recipient ratio of 1:1 - recipient mortalities reached 100% at 5 d and 11 d, respectively. Application of 1% fipronil dust of activated carbon overcomes the problem that that too high a concentration kills termites before they can contaminate their nestmates, while a lower concentration may not supply a sufficient dose for effective transfer from treated to untreated termites; this preparation has delayed toxicity, dose-dependent toxicity in horizontal transfer and high efficacy to control C. formosanus
The diversification of the lynx lineage during the Plio-Pleistocene-evidence from a new small Lynx from Longdan, Gansu Province, China
Altres ajuts: CERCA Programme/Generalitat de CatalunyaA new small-sized lynx from Longdan, Gansu Province, China, Lynx hei sp. nov., is described in this study. The new species displays the characteristic Lynx generic traits, such as distinct buccal grooves in the upper canine, presence of an anterior groove in the upper canine, absence of upper premolar 2, and a moderately developed mastoid process, but it is markedly smaller than the previously described Lynx issiodorensis specimens from the same site and is also smaller overall than most living species, comparable to Lynx rufus in size. The new species has a relatively wide and deep zygomatic arch, similar to that of living Lynx lynx, Lynx pardinus and Lynx canadensis but wider than that of Lynx rufus. Our phylogenetic analyses suggest that Lynx hei falls within the crown group Lynx, being the sister to Lynx rufus or, less probably, a sister to Lynx issiodorensis + three other living species of Lynx. The Plio-Pleistocene Lynx issiodorensis is supported as the ancestor of Lynx lynx, Lynx pardinus and Lynx canadensis. Our phylogenetic study suggests that Lynx diversification over the Plio-Pleistocene was achieved initially by body size differentiation, putatively forced by intraspecific competition with other carnivorans, followed by morphological divergence
ABSent: Cross-Lingual Sentence Representation Mapping with Bidirectional GANs
A number of cross-lingual transfer learning approaches based on neural
networks have been proposed for the case when large amounts of parallel text
are at our disposal. However, in many real-world settings, the size of parallel
annotated training data is restricted. Additionally, prior cross-lingual
mapping research has mainly focused on the word level. This raises the question
of whether such techniques can also be applied to effortlessly obtain
cross-lingually aligned sentence representations. To this end, we propose an
Adversarial Bi-directional Sentence Embedding Mapping (ABSent) framework, which
learns mappings of cross-lingual sentence representations from limited
quantities of parallel data
AntGPT: Can Large Language Models Help Long-term Action Anticipation from Videos?
Can we better anticipate an actor's future actions (e.g. mix eggs) by knowing
what commonly happens after his/her current action (e.g. crack eggs)? What if
we also know the longer-term goal of the actor (e.g. making egg fried rice)?
The long-term action anticipation (LTA) task aims to predict an actor's future
behavior from video observations in the form of verb and noun sequences, and it
is crucial for human-machine interaction. We propose to formulate the LTA task
from two perspectives: a bottom-up approach that predicts the next actions
autoregressively by modeling temporal dynamics; and a top-down approach that
infers the goal of the actor and plans the needed procedure to accomplish the
goal. We hypothesize that large language models (LLMs), which have been
pretrained on procedure text data (e.g. recipes, how-tos), have the potential
to help LTA from both perspectives. It can help provide the prior knowledge on
the possible next actions, and infer the goal given the observed part of a
procedure, respectively. To leverage the LLMs, we propose a two-stage
framework, AntGPT. It first recognizes the actions already performed in the
observed videos and then asks an LLM to predict the future actions via
conditioned generation, or to infer the goal and plan the whole procedure by
chain-of-thought prompting. Empirical results on the Ego4D LTA v1 and v2
benchmarks, EPIC-Kitchens-55, as well as EGTEA GAZE+ demonstrate the
effectiveness of our proposed approach. AntGPT achieves state-of-the-art
performance on all above benchmarks, and can successfully infer the goal and
thus perform goal-conditioned "counterfactual" prediction via qualitative
analysis. Code and model will be released at
https://brown-palm.github.io/AntGP
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