Transportation inequalities: From Poisson to Gibbs measures

We establish an optimal transportation inequality for the Poisson measure on the configuration space. Furthermore, under the Dobrushin uniqueness condition, we obtain a sharp transportation inequality for the Gibbs measure on $\mathbb{N}^{\Lambda}$ or the continuum Gibbs measure on the configuration space.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/00-BEJ268 the Bernoulli (http://isi.cbs.nl/bernoulli/) by the International Statistical Institute/Bernoulli Society (http://isi.cbs.nl/BS/bshome.htm

Crystallographic orientation-dependent deformation characteristics of additive manufactured interstitial-strengthened high entropy alloys

Funding Information: WZ acknowledges the China Scholarship Council for funding the Ph.D. grant (CSC no. 201906250212). JPO and JS acknowledge Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT - MCTES) for its financial support via the project UID/00667/2020 (UNIDEMI). JPO acknowledges the funding of CENIMAT/i3N by national funds through the FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P. within the scope of Multiannual Financing of R&D Units, reference UIDB/50025/2020-2023. JS acknowledges the China Scholarship Council for funding the Ph.D. grant (CSC no. 201808320394). The authors acknowledge DESY (Hamburg, Germany), a member of the Helmholtz Association HGF, for the provision of experimental facilities. Beamtime was allocated for proposal I-20210899 EC. The research leading to this result has been supported by the project CALIPSOplus under the Grant Agreement 730872 from the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation HORIZON 2020. Funding Information: WZ acknowledges the China Scholarship Council for funding the Ph.D. grant (CSC no. 201906250212 ). JPO and JS acknowledge Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT - MCTES) for its financial support via the project UID/00667/2020 (UNIDEMI). JPO acknowledges the funding of CENIMAT/i3N by national funds through the FCT- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia , I.P., within the scope of Multiannual Financing of R&D Units, reference UIDB/50025/2020-2023 . JS acknowledges the China Scholarship Council for funding the Ph.D. grant (CSC no. 201808320394 ). The authors acknowledge DESY (Hamburg, Germany), a member of the Helmholtz Association HGF, for the provision of experimental facilities. Beamtime was allocated for proposal I-20210899 EC. The research leading to this result has been supported by the project CALIPSOplus under the Grant Agreement 730872 from the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation HORIZON 2020. Publisher Copyright: © 2022In this study, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) was used for the fabrication of an interstitial-strengthened high entropy alloy (iHEA), Fe49.5Mn30Co10Cr10C0.5 (at.%). The as-fabricated iHEA possesses excellent strength-ductility synergy during tensile loading, with fracture strength reaching up to 1109 MPa at 37% engineering strain. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and high energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction were used to evaluate the microstructural characteristics of the material. In-situ EBSD analysis during uniaxial tensile testing was performed to unveil the deformation mechanisms. Moreover, crystallographic orientation-specific micropillar compression tests were conducted to determine how the grain deformation characteristics differ between orientations. Due to the activation of multiple slip systems and the homogeneous plastic flow, the [111] orientation demonstrated a higher yield strength and continuous work hardening rate. This research helps in clarifying grain orientation-specific contributions to the bulk mechanical response of additively manufactured HEA.publishersversionpublishe

Heating Position Planning in Laser Forming of Single Curved Shapes Based on Probability Convergence

Inverse problem in laser forming involves the heating position planning and the determination of heating parameters. In this study, the heating positions are optimized in laser forming of single curved shapes based on the processing efficiency. The algorithm uses a probability function to initialize the heating position that is considered to be the bending points. The optimization process is to minimize the total processing time through adjusting the heating positions by considering the boundary conditions of the offset distances, the minimum bending angle, and the minimum distance between two adjacent heating positions. The optimized results are compared with those obtained by the distance-based model as well as the experimental data

Deformation processes of additively manufactured interstitial-strengthened high entropy alloy:In-situ high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction and microstructural appraisal

Additively manufactured components often exhibit pronounced anisotropy due to the heterogeneous microstructure generated by the complex and repetitive thermal cycling history. Grain orientation is one of the determinant microstructural features that influences the activation of different deformation mechanisms. In this work, laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) was applied to fabricate Fe49.5Mn30Co10Cr10C0.5 interstitial-strengthened high entropy alloy (iHEA). Fabrication was performed at angles of 0° and 90° relative to the main laser scanning direction, and the plastic deformation behavior of these two oriented specimens was studied. The initial microstructure of the LPBF-built iHEA was composed of a complex heterogeneous columnar grains containing high-density dislocation network and a large number of stacking faults, as well as nano-precipitates and elemental segregation of Mn at subgrain boundaries. During uniaxial tension in-situ high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction (HE-SXRD) was performed to track the deformation processes and mechanisms of this metastable iHEA. The influence of different deformation mechanisms on the mechanical responses of the current LPBF-built iHEA was scrutinized combining in-situ HE-SXRD with electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses, which not only gives insights into the macrostructural evolution but also provides comprehensive characterization on microstructural responses and the orientation-dependent effects imposed by the fabrication constraints originally imposed. The implemented multiscale characterization revealed the presence of a strain-induced fcc to hcp phase transformation, which is influenced by the growth texture close to &lt;110&gt; along the building direction. Moreover, EBSD and TEM analysis of the fracture regions uncovered the formation of nanosized deformation twins, confirming the simultaneous activation of phase transformation- and twinning-induced plasticity (TRIP and TWIP) effects. The results obtained in this work gain new insights into orientation-dependent deformation behavior of additively manufactured iHEA, which facilitates the microstructural design when exploiting the TRIP/TWIP effects.</p

Ultra-strong and ductile precipitation-strengthened high entropy alloy with 0.5 % Nb addition produced by laser additive manufacturing

Funding Information: This research was carried out under project number S17024o in the framework of the Partnership Program of the Materials Innovation Institute M2i ( www.m2i.nl ) and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research ( www.nwo.nl ). Funding Information: WZ acknowledges the China Scholarship Council for her PhD grant (CSC No. 201906250212 ). YP acknowledges financial support by Samenwerkingsverband Noord-Nederland (SNN) within the program “3D Print Kompas”. JPO and JS acknowledge Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT-MCTES) for its financial support via the project UID/00667/2020 (UNIDEMI). JPO acknowledges funding by national funds from FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., in the scope of the projects Nos. LA/P/0037/2020, UIDP/50025/2020, and UIDB/50025/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute of Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication – i3N. JS acknowledges the China Scholarship Council for her PhD grant (CSC No. 201808320394). The authors acknowledge DESY (Hamburg, Germany), a member of the Helmholtz Association HGF, for the provision of experimental facilities. Beamtime was allocated for proposal I-20210899 EC. The research leading to this result has been supported by the project CALIPSOplus under Grant Agreement 730872 from the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation HORIZON 2020. SF acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52105318 and 52311530340 ) and "Chunhui Plan" Collaborative Research Project of the Ministry of Education, China (HZKY20220023). Funding Information: WZ acknowledges the China Scholarship Council for her PhD grant (CSC No. 201906250212). YP acknowledges financial support by Samenwerkingsverband Noord-Nederland (SNN) within the program “3D Print Kompas”. JPO and JS acknowledge Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT-MCTES) for its financial support via the project UID/00667/2020 (UNIDEMI). JPO acknowledges funding by national funds from FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P. in the scope of the projects Nos. LA/P/0037/2020, UIDP/50025/2020, and UIDB/50025/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute of Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication – i3N. JS acknowledges the China Scholarship Council for her PhD grant (CSC No. 201808320394). The authors acknowledge DESY (Hamburg, Germany), a member of the Helmholtz Association HGF, for the provision of experimental facilities. Beamtime was allocated for proposal I-20210899 EC. The research leading to this result has been supported by the project CALIPSOplus under Grant Agreement 730872 from the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation HORIZON 2020. SF acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52105318 and 52311530340) and "Chunhui Plan" Collaborative Research Project of the Ministry of Education, China (HZKY20220023). This research was carried out under project number S17024o in the framework of the Partnership Program of the Materials Innovation Institute M2i (www.m2i.nl) and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (www.nwo.nl). Publisher Copyright: © 2024Achieving a superior strength-ductility combination for fcc single-phase high entropy alloys (HEAs) is challenging. The present work investigates the in-situ synthesis of Fe49.5Mn30Co10Cr10C0.5 interstitial solute-strengthened HEA containing 0.5 wt.% Nb (hereafter referred to as iHEA-Nb) using laser melting deposition (LMD), aiming at simultaneously activating multiple strengthening mechanisms. The effect of Nb addition on the microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, strengthening and deformation mechanisms of the as-deposited iHEA-Nb samples was comprehensively evaluated. Multiple levels of heterogeneity were observed in the LMD-deposited microstructure, including different grain sizes, cellular subgrain structures, various carbide precipitates, as well as elemental segregation. The incorporation of Nb atoms with a large radius leads to lattice distortion, reduces the average grain size, and increases the types and fractions of carbides, aiding in promoting solid solution strengthening, grain boundary strengthening, and precipitation strengthening. Tensile test results show that the Nb addition significantly increases the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the iHEA to 1140 and 1450 MPa, respectively, while maintaining the elongation over 30 %. Deformation twins were generated in the tensile deformed samples, contributing to the occurrence of twinning-induced plasticity. This outstanding combination of strength and ductility exceeds that for most additively manufactured HEAs reported to date, demonstrating that the present in situ alloying strategy could provide significant advantages for developing and tailoring microstructures and balancing the mechanical properties of HEAs while avoiding conventional complex thermomechanical treatments. In addition, single-crystal micropillar compression tests revealed that although the twining activity is reduced by the Nb addition to the iHEA, the micromechanical properties of grains with different orientations were significantly enhanced.publishersversionpublishe

On the orientation-dependent mechanical properties of interstitial solute-strengthened Fe49.5Mn30Co10Cr10C0.5 high entropy alloy produced by directed energy deposition

This research was carried out under project number S17024o ( P16-46 project 6) in the framework of the Partnership Program of the Materials innovation institute M2i ( www.m2i.nl ) and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research ( www.nwo.nl ). WZ acknowledges the China Scholarship Council for her PhD grant (CSC No. 201906250212 ). YP acknowledges financial support by Samenwerkingsverband Noord-Nederland (SNN) within the program “3D Print Kompas”. JPO and JS acknowledge Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia ( FCT - MCTES ) for its financial support via the project UID/00667/2020 (UNIDEMI). JPO acknowledges funding by national funds from FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., in the scope of the projects LA/P/0037/2020 , UIDP/50025/2020 and UIDB/50025/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute of Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication – i3N. JS acknowledges the China Scholarship Council for her PhD grant (CSC No. 201808320394 ). The authors acknowledge DESY (Hamburg, Germany), a member of the Helmholtz Association HGF, for the provision of experimental facilities. Beamtime was allocated for proposal I-20210899 EC. The research leading to this result has been supported by the project CALIPSOplus under the Grant Agreement 730872 from the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation HORIZON 2020 . SF acknowledges financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52105318 and 52311530340 ) and "Chunhui Plan" Collaborative Research Project of the Ministry of Education , China ( HZKY20220023 ). Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The AuthorsInterstitial solute-strengthened Fe49.5Mn30Cr10Co10C0.5 (at%) high entropy alloy was additively manufactured by directed energy deposition (DED) process in this work. While the as-deposited material exhibits an excellent combination of strength and ductility, the effect of anisotropy on the mechanical performance of the DED processed component was studied in detail. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the horizontal tensile sample with a main fiber texture of // tensile direction (TD) went up to 1 GPa while maintaining a superb failure elongation of 36%. The vertical tensile sample, with a dominant // TD texture, failed at an UTS of 750 MPa with an enhanced failure elongation of 52%. Microstructural analysis of the deformed samples showed that the horizontal samples were mainly deformed via the formation of mechanical twins, whereas the twining activity was less profound in the vertical samples. Single crystal micro-pillar compression testing revealed that the deformation mechanism complies well with the Schmid's factor. In addition, a higher critical resolved shear stress for twining compared to slip was also confirmed in the micro-pillar compression testing.publishersversionpublishe

Less is More: Learning Reference Knowledge Using No-Reference Image Quality Assessment

Image Quality Assessment (IQA) with reference images have achieved great success by imitating the human vision system, in which the image quality is effectively assessed by comparing the query image with its pristine reference image. However, for the images in the wild, it is quite difficult to access accurate reference images. We argue that it is possible to learn reference knowledge under the No-Reference Image Quality Assessment (NR-IQA) setting, which is effective and efficient empirically. Concretely, by innovatively introducing a novel feature distillation method in IQA, we propose a new framework to learn comparative knowledge from non-aligned reference images. And then, to achieve fast convergence and avoid overfitting, we further propose an inductive bias regularization. Such a framework not only solves the congenital defects of NR-IQA but also improves the feature extraction framework, enabling it to express more abundant quality information. Surprisingly, our method utilizes less input while obtaining a more significant improvement compared to the teacher models. Extensive experiments on eight standard NR-IQA datasets demonstrate the superior performance to the state-of-the-art NR-IQA methods, i.e., achieving the PLCC values of 0.917 (vs. 0.884 in LIVEC) and 0.686 (vs. 0.661 in LIVEFB)

Somatic SF3B1 hotspot mutation in prolactinomas.

The genetic basis and corresponding clinical relevance of prolactinomas remain poorly understood. Here, we perform whole genome sequencing (WGS) on 21 patients with prolactinomas to detect somatic mutations and then validate the mutations with digital polymerase&nbsp;chain&nbsp;reaction (PCR) analysis of tissue samples from 227 prolactinomas. We identify the same hotspot somatic mutation in splicing factor 3 subunit B1 (SF3B1R625H) in 19.8% of&nbsp;prolactinomas. These patients with mutant prolactinomas display higher prolactin (PRL) levels (p = 0.02) and shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.02) compared to patients without the mutation. Moreover, we identify that the SF3B1R625H mutation causes aberrant splicing of estrogen related receptor gamma (ESRRG), which results in stronger binding of pituitary-specific positive transcription factor 1 (Pit-1), leading to excessive PRL secretion. Thus our study validates an important mutation and elucidates a potential mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of prolactinomas that may lead to the development of targeted therapeutics

Gene Expression Profiling Identifies Two Chordoma Subtypes Associated with Distinct Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Outcomes.

PURPOSE: Chordoma is a rare bone tumor with a high recurrence rate and limited treatment options. The aim of this study was to identify molecular subtypes of chordoma that may improve clinical management. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We conducted RNA sequencing in 48 tumors from patients with Chinese skull-base chordoma and identified two major molecular subtypes. We then replicated the classification using a NanoString panel in 48 patients with chordoma from North America. RESULTS: Tumors in one subtype were more likely to have somatic mutations and reduced expression in chromatin remodeling genes, such as PBRM1 and SETD2, whereas the other subtype was characterized by the upregulation of genes in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and Sonic Hedgehog pathways. IHC staining of top differentially expressed genes between the two subtypes in 312 patients with Chinese chordoma with long-term follow-up data showed that the expression of some markers such as PTCH1 was significantly associated with survival outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings may improve the understanding of subtype-specific tumorigenesis of chordoma and inform clinical prognostication and targeted options