Transportation inequalities: From Poisson to Gibbs measures

We establish an optimal transportation inequality for the Poisson measure on the configuration space. Furthermore, under the Dobrushin uniqueness condition, we obtain a sharp transportation inequality for the Gibbs measure on $\mathbb{N}^{\Lambda}$ or the continuum Gibbs measure on the configuration space.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/00-BEJ268 the Bernoulli (http://isi.cbs.nl/bernoulli/) by the International Statistical Institute/Bernoulli Society (http://isi.cbs.nl/BS/bshome.htm

Crystallographic orientation-dependent deformation characteristics of additive manufactured interstitial-strengthened high entropy alloys

Funding Information: WZ acknowledges the China Scholarship Council for funding the Ph.D. grant (CSC no. 201906250212). JPO and JS acknowledge Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT - MCTES) for its financial support via the project UID/00667/2020 (UNIDEMI). JPO acknowledges the funding of CENIMAT/i3N by national funds through the FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P. within the scope of Multiannual Financing of R&D Units, reference UIDB/50025/2020-2023. JS acknowledges the China Scholarship Council for funding the Ph.D. grant (CSC no. 201808320394). The authors acknowledge DESY (Hamburg, Germany), a member of the Helmholtz Association HGF, for the provision of experimental facilities. Beamtime was allocated for proposal I-20210899 EC. The research leading to this result has been supported by the project CALIPSOplus under the Grant Agreement 730872 from the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation HORIZON 2020. Funding Information: WZ acknowledges the China Scholarship Council for funding the Ph.D. grant (CSC no. 201906250212 ). JPO and JS acknowledge Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT - MCTES) for its financial support via the project UID/00667/2020 (UNIDEMI). JPO acknowledges the funding of CENIMAT/i3N by national funds through the FCT- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia , I.P., within the scope of Multiannual Financing of R&D Units, reference UIDB/50025/2020-2023 . JS acknowledges the China Scholarship Council for funding the Ph.D. grant (CSC no. 201808320394 ). The authors acknowledge DESY (Hamburg, Germany), a member of the Helmholtz Association HGF, for the provision of experimental facilities. Beamtime was allocated for proposal I-20210899 EC. The research leading to this result has been supported by the project CALIPSOplus under the Grant Agreement 730872 from the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation HORIZON 2020. Publisher Copyright: © 2022In this study, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) was used for the fabrication of an interstitial-strengthened high entropy alloy (iHEA), Fe49.5Mn30Co10Cr10C0.5 (at.%). The as-fabricated iHEA possesses excellent strength-ductility synergy during tensile loading, with fracture strength reaching up to 1109 MPa at 37% engineering strain. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and high energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction were used to evaluate the microstructural characteristics of the material. In-situ EBSD analysis during uniaxial tensile testing was performed to unveil the deformation mechanisms. Moreover, crystallographic orientation-specific micropillar compression tests were conducted to determine how the grain deformation characteristics differ between orientations. Due to the activation of multiple slip systems and the homogeneous plastic flow, the [111] orientation demonstrated a higher yield strength and continuous work hardening rate. This research helps in clarifying grain orientation-specific contributions to the bulk mechanical response of additively manufactured HEA.publishersversionpublishe

Heating Position Planning in Laser Forming of Single Curved Shapes Based on Probability Convergence

Inverse problem in laser forming involves the heating position planning and the determination of heating parameters. In this study, the heating positions are optimized in laser forming of single curved shapes based on the processing efficiency. The algorithm uses a probability function to initialize the heating position that is considered to be the bending points. The optimization process is to minimize the total processing time through adjusting the heating positions by considering the boundary conditions of the offset distances, the minimum bending angle, and the minimum distance between two adjacent heating positions. The optimized results are compared with those obtained by the distance-based model as well as the experimental data

Deformation processes of additively manufactured interstitial-strengthened high entropy alloy:In-situ high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction and microstructural appraisal

Additively manufactured components often exhibit pronounced anisotropy due to the heterogeneous microstructure generated by the complex and repetitive thermal cycling history. Grain orientation is one of the determinant microstructural features that influences the activation of different deformation mechanisms. In this work, laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) was applied to fabricate Fe49.5Mn30Co10Cr10C0.5 interstitial-strengthened high entropy alloy (iHEA). Fabrication was performed at angles of 0° and 90° relative to the main laser scanning direction, and the plastic deformation behavior of these two oriented specimens was studied. The initial microstructure of the LPBF-built iHEA was composed of a complex heterogeneous columnar grains containing high-density dislocation network and a large number of stacking faults, as well as nano-precipitates and elemental segregation of Mn at subgrain boundaries. During uniaxial tension in-situ high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction (HE-SXRD) was performed to track the deformation processes and mechanisms of this metastable iHEA. The influence of different deformation mechanisms on the mechanical responses of the current LPBF-built iHEA was scrutinized combining in-situ HE-SXRD with electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses, which not only gives insights into the macrostructural evolution but also provides comprehensive characterization on microstructural responses and the orientation-dependent effects imposed by the fabrication constraints originally imposed. The implemented multiscale characterization revealed the presence of a strain-induced fcc to hcp phase transformation, which is influenced by the growth texture close to &lt;110&gt; along the building direction. Moreover, EBSD and TEM analysis of the fracture regions uncovered the formation of nanosized deformation twins, confirming the simultaneous activation of phase transformation- and twinning-induced plasticity (TRIP and TWIP) effects. The results obtained in this work gain new insights into orientation-dependent deformation behavior of additively manufactured iHEA, which facilitates the microstructural design when exploiting the TRIP/TWIP effects.</p

Less is More: Learning Reference Knowledge Using No-Reference Image Quality Assessment

Image Quality Assessment (IQA) with reference images have achieved great success by imitating the human vision system, in which the image quality is effectively assessed by comparing the query image with its pristine reference image. However, for the images in the wild, it is quite difficult to access accurate reference images. We argue that it is possible to learn reference knowledge under the No-Reference Image Quality Assessment (NR-IQA) setting, which is effective and efficient empirically. Concretely, by innovatively introducing a novel feature distillation method in IQA, we propose a new framework to learn comparative knowledge from non-aligned reference images. And then, to achieve fast convergence and avoid overfitting, we further propose an inductive bias regularization. Such a framework not only solves the congenital defects of NR-IQA but also improves the feature extraction framework, enabling it to express more abundant quality information. Surprisingly, our method utilizes less input while obtaining a more significant improvement compared to the teacher models. Extensive experiments on eight standard NR-IQA datasets demonstrate the superior performance to the state-of-the-art NR-IQA methods, i.e., achieving the PLCC values of 0.917 (vs. 0.884 in LIVEC) and 0.686 (vs. 0.661 in LIVEFB)

Somatic SF3B1 hotspot mutation in prolactinomas.

The genetic basis and corresponding clinical relevance of prolactinomas remain poorly understood. Here, we perform whole genome sequencing (WGS) on 21 patients with prolactinomas to detect somatic mutations and then validate the mutations with digital polymerase&nbsp;chain&nbsp;reaction (PCR) analysis of tissue samples from 227 prolactinomas. We identify the same hotspot somatic mutation in splicing factor 3 subunit B1 (SF3B1R625H) in 19.8% of&nbsp;prolactinomas. These patients with mutant prolactinomas display higher prolactin (PRL) levels (p = 0.02) and shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.02) compared to patients without the mutation. Moreover, we identify that the SF3B1R625H mutation causes aberrant splicing of estrogen related receptor gamma (ESRRG), which results in stronger binding of pituitary-specific positive transcription factor 1 (Pit-1), leading to excessive PRL secretion. Thus our study validates an important mutation and elucidates a potential mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of prolactinomas that may lead to the development of targeted therapeutics

Gene Expression Profiling Identifies Two Chordoma Subtypes Associated with Distinct Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Outcomes.

PURPOSE: Chordoma is a rare bone tumor with a high recurrence rate and limited treatment options. The aim of this study was to identify molecular subtypes of chordoma that may improve clinical management. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We conducted RNA sequencing in 48 tumors from patients with Chinese skull-base chordoma and identified two major molecular subtypes. We then replicated the classification using a NanoString panel in 48 patients with chordoma from North America. RESULTS: Tumors in one subtype were more likely to have somatic mutations and reduced expression in chromatin remodeling genes, such as PBRM1 and SETD2, whereas the other subtype was characterized by the upregulation of genes in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and Sonic Hedgehog pathways. IHC staining of top differentially expressed genes between the two subtypes in 312 patients with Chinese chordoma with long-term follow-up data showed that the expression of some markers such as PTCH1 was significantly associated with survival outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings may improve the understanding of subtype-specific tumorigenesis of chordoma and inform clinical prognostication and targeted options

Spatially explicit analysis identifies significant potential for bioenergy with carbon capture and storage in China

As China ramped-up coal power capacities rapidly while CO2 emissions need to decline, these capacities would turn into stranded assets. To deal with this risk, a promising option is to retrofit these capacities to co-fire with biomass and eventually upgrade to CCS operation (BECCS), but the feasibility is debated with respect to negative impacts on broader sustainability issues. Here we present a data-rich spatially explicit approach to estimate the marginal cost curve for decarbonizing the power sector in China with BECCS. We identify a potential of 222 GW of power capacities in 2836 counties generated by co-firing 0.9 Gt of biomass from the same county, with half being agricultural residues. Our spatially explicit method helps to reduce uncertainty in the economic costs and emissions of BECCS, identify the best opportunities for bioenergy and show the limitations by logistical challenges to achieve carbon neutrality in the power sector with large-scale BECCS in China

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead