Surgical site infections with special reference to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus: experience from a tertiary care referral hospital in North India

Objective: Surgical site infections are an important cause of health care associated infections among surgical patients.Aim: To determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in surgical site infections with relation to age and sex and its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.Methods: During a period of three years, 5,259 specimens received from surgical site infections were processed for isolation and identification of bacterial pathogens according to the standard microbiological techniques.Results: Abscess drainage was the most common type of surgical site infection (26.62%) and Staphylococcus aureus (34%) was the most common isolate. The most frequent isolation of the S. aureus in relation to age was noted in the age group of 21–40 years and the prevalence rate was higher in male patients. Out of the total S. aureus isolates, 27.96% were found to be methicillin resistant.Conclusions:There is a need for continuous surveillance and monitoring for the frequency of MRSA with its antimicrobial resistance patterns which may help in decreasing the prevalence of MRSA and antibiotic resistance

Review study of recycled aggregate with different cementitous material

Abstract: In the last few decades due to the steadily expanding growth of infrastructure, sustainable and financially attainable concrete has been acquired extraordinary consideration for the researcher and various civil engineering department. The present work  represents a literature review of different cementitious material that is used in making concrete with the recycled aggregate that helps in developing the sustainable environment. This paper is mainly focused on sustainable concrete in which the different properties i.e. Mechanical Strength, acid attack, sulphate attack, carbonation test concrete of concrete have been reviewed. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) results of different cementitious material are also reviewed that is beneficial for many researcher and scholars. The Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ) structure of different cementitious material is also studied. Using recycled aggregate concrete it’s a friendly and new solution for regularly depleted material rather than the ordinary aggregate. It is also indicated that the compressive strength of the concrete decreases by increasing the percentage of recycled aggregate (RA)  that promotes the researchers to use various cementitious materials in concrete. This review paper may be recommended for further studies by a researcher in many countries

A NOVEL MICROFABRICATION TECHNIQUE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF A 3D PYRAMIDAL POROUS MEMBRANE

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

3-D Electrical Resistivity Imaging with Compressive Sensing: Application to Simulate Soil-Water-Disease Interactions of Citrus Trees

This research is organized into two parts. First part of the work aims at understanding the inversion mechanism of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) from first principles. A compressive sensing (CS) based ERT inversion algorithm was developed for use with sub-surface image reconstruction. Second part of the research aims at developing efficient irrigation water management scenarios considering health of the citrus tree using experimental and numerical studies. Geophysical techniques are widely used to characterize hydrological uxes that are controlling sub-surface dynamics. Of these, ERT has proven to be the prominent and robust technologies for imaging the sub-surface. The strength of a geophysical inversion technique to reconstruct the image is largely dependent on the strategy adopted to solve the ill-posed, under-determined, non-linear system. Conventional gradient based algorithms that use Euclidean norm minimization with some sort of regularization may fail to detect the sharp interfaces between earth layers and resistivity anomalies. Given the fact that, earth's resistivity (and hence, hydro-geologic) features varies abruptly on a continuous spatial domain; the sparsity in model parameter change can be better utilized to apply CS algorithms for resistivity imaging. CS based 3-D image reconstruction algorithms from ERT observations were not reported in literature till date

Inferiorly Based Nasolabial Flap As A Backup Flap – A Surgical Case Report

Introduction: Nasolabial flaps have been recognised as versatile flaps for reconstruction of variety of defects in the face, nose, lip and the oral cavity. Random pattern inferiorly based nasolabial flaps (IBNLF) have been utilised for covering various small defects over the face and oral mucosa. This is also a reliable backup flap in partial failure of primary flaps in maxillofacial reconstruction.  Aim:To evaluate the outcome of a secondary defect of commisure and buccal surface arising due to partial failure of bippadle PMMC flap with an inferiorly based nasolabial flap (IBNLF). The final functional and the esthetic result are evaluated, along with the need for subsequent secondary procedure. Case: A 73-year-old male presented with a rapidly growing Squamous cell carcinoma involving right cheek.    En bloc resection of right oral commissure and buccal region was performed.  Modified neck dissection was performed on the right side.  Reconstruction of the defect was done using bipaddle PMMC flap. Partial failure of primary flap started from 5th post operative day. Complete defect of right commissure was evident by third week posteratively. Inferiorly based nasolabial flap (IBNLF) was used as a back up flap for correction of residual defect. Conclusion: An inferiorly based Nasolabial flap (IBNLF) is a reliable backup flap for the reconstruction of small and medium sized secondary defects in the face and oral cavity. This flap can be best utilized for elderly, high risk patients in whom neck dissection with facial artery ligation have been done

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF IN SITU OCULAR GEL OF LEVOFLOXACIN

Total of 8 formulations of in situ gels of Levofloxacin hydrochloride were prepared by pH triggered in situ gelling system using different polymers like sodium alginate as gelling agent, Noveon AA-1 polycarbophil and HPMC E50LV as viscosity enhancing agent and benzalkonium chloride as preservative. All the prepared formulations were clear and the visual appearance was found to be transparent. The pH of the prepared formulations was ranged between 6.50and 7.00. The drug content varied between 96.84 ± 0.396 and 99.65±0.489 % which indicated that the uniform distribution of drug was found in all the prepared formulations. Among all the formulations, the formulations A4 and A8 showed better gelling capacity. The shear rate on the preparation was large during the blinking stage. From the in vitro drug release profile the formulations A4 and A8 was selected as the best formulations and these formulations were used for further studies such as mechanism of drug release, sterility, antimicrobial efficacy, ocular irritation and accelerated stability. Both formulations provided good fit to the Higuchi model. According to this model, the drug release from these gels may be controlled by diffusion through the micro-pores. The selected formulations showed good anti-microbial action against the organisms and ocular irritation studies revealed that the selected formulations were good with non-irritation and there were no ocular damage or abnormal clinical signs. During and at the end of the accelerated stability study, the selected formulations did not undergo any chemical changes/interaction and remained stable during the study period and showed almost similar physical stability and drug content. Key Words: Levofloxacin hydrochloride, in situ gels, in vitro drug release, Higuchi model, accelerated stability study. Â