Evaluation of Problem-based Learning Method for Teaching Islamic Education Courses to Students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

Emphasis on teaching religious education in the university and raising the level of religious awareness of students in parallel with specialized education, raises attention to the important point that the set of Islamic education courses was in line with the demands and desires of students? The aim of this study is to an increase of the analytic mood among the students and faculty members of the department of Islamic education by the teaching method of Problem-based learning. The present study was performed cross-sectionally on students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Islamic education courses that they had taken as a general course. One of the strengths of this method is the student-centered and process-oriented instead of text-centric and moving from central memorization to research-oriented

The Contribution of Andalusia Muslim Sages in the Advancement of Experimental Sciences with an Emphasis on Pharmaceutical Science

One of the essential topics in the history of science is to investigate the position and capabilities of Muslim scientists in scientific innovations because paying attention to this issue will moderate the common extremist ideas and propaganda toward Muslims. The current study is a review study with a descriptive-analytical design. In this research, the authors investigated how Andalusian Muslim scholars invented medications and their role in promoting the pharmaceutical science has been discussed by examining the books and articles related to the history of Islamic medicine. Among the important issues in recognizing the Muslims’ scientific heritage, especially the history of pharmaceutical science, is the research and testing methods. In this way, important results can be achieved, including a) Introducing the progress of eastern experimental sciences and Islamic civilization, b) The complementary role of science and religion in the islamic rulers’ thoughts and beliefs. In this article, some of the most famous Andalusian pharmacists have been introduced, including Ibn Juljul, Abou Salt Andaloussi, Ahmad Ibn Mohammad Al-Ghafiqi, and Ibn Abi Usaybi'a. The East and Islamic civilization introduced pharmaceutical science to the West. In general, the positive and constructive effect of Islamic culture and civilization on the development of pharmaceuticals and medicine is an undeniable historical fact

Determination of the Level of Happiness among Students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran

Introduction and Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the level of happiness and vitality as one of the effective factors on increasing students' success in education and spiritual well-being. Materials and Methods: The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Five hundred and seven students from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were selected by stratified random sampling and responded to the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using "SPSS 19" software, descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The results indicate that mean of happiness among participants was 40.9 +/- 13.1 (ranged from 2 to 87) which was moderate. Also mean score of happiness among males was significantly higher than females (43.5 +/- 15.0 and 40.1 +/- 12.4, p=0.01). Moreover there was no difference in the level of happiness between difference status such as marital (married/single), residence (dormitory/home), field of study (medicine/pharmacology/medical laboratory sciences, and occupational health), and academic degree (bachelor/master/doctorate). Conclusion: If academic places such as universities include a happy and vital environment, they will have a very influential role in improving the students' educational and cultural level

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-ESTEEM AND FIELD OF STUDY AND ITS EFFECT ON ACADEMIC BURNOUT IN STUDENTS OF SHIRAZ UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES

Medical students are prone to burnout due to high volume and stressful courses and also attending medical centers. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-esteem and field of study and its effect on academic burnout in students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 600 students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences selected by multi-stage cluster sampling in 2018. Data were analyzed by SPSS (R) software. The mean score of self-esteem in men was higher than that of women and the mean score of burnout in men was lower than that of women, but this difference was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the mean of self-esteem among single and married students. Also, the level of academic burnout was significantly lower among married students than single students. There was a significant negative correlation between self-esteem and academic burnout. The results of the regression analysis showed that academic burnout is the only predictor of student self-esteem. The precise and principled planning for medical and paramedical students who are prone to severe academic burnout due to their very difficult educational situation can play an important role in increasing self-esteem in these student

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACADEMIC BURNOUT AND ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL FACTORS WITH LIFE EXPECTANCY IN STUDENTS OF SHIRAZ UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES

Life expectancy is considered as one of the most important variables affecting the success and adaptability of the environment in students. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the variables affecting life expectancy. A sample of 600 students from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences was selected randomly. Demographic, life expectancy, academic burnout questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS (R). The results of this study showed a significant negative relationship between life expectancy and academic burnout. So, with increasing life expectancy, academic burnout declines, and burnout increases with declining life expectancy. Burnout in male students is slightly higher than female students, but this difference was not statistically significant. Also, academic burnout was higher in dormitory students without a car and personal laptop than in other students, but this difference was not statistically significant. The results of one-variable analysis of variance showed that living place is one of the important factors related to the life expectancy of students. So that students who live with the family have a significantly higher life expectancy. Also, academic burnout in married students was significantly higher than single students. According to the findings of the study, the variables of academic burnout and economic, social factors are related to life expectancy. Therefore, effective planning to reduce academic burnout and improve socioeconomic conditions is important for authoritie

The Efficacy and Safety of Intrathecal Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Pilot Study

Purpose: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an uncommon and aggressive neurodegenerative disorder that influences the lower and upper motor neurons. There are low eligible drugs for ALS treatment; in this regard, supplemental and replacement treatments are essential. There are relative studies in the field of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) therapy in ALS, but the different methods, differently used medium, and difference in follow-up periods affect the outcome treatment. Methods: The current survey is a single-center, phase I clinical trial to evaluating the efficacy and safety of autologous bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs through intrathecal administration in ALS patients. MNCs were isolated from BM specimens and cultured. The clinical outcome was evaluated based Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating (ALSFRS-R) Scale. Results: Each patient received 15±3×106 cells through subarachnoid space. No adverse events (AEs) were detected. Just one patient experienced a mild headache after injection. Following injection, no new intradural cerebrospinal pathology transplant-related was observed. None of the patients’ pathologic disruptions following transplantation were detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The additional analyses have shown the average rate of ALSFRS-R score and forced vital capacity (FVC) reduction have decreased during 10 months following MSCs transplantation versus the pretreatment period, from -5.4±2.3 to -2±3.08 ALSFRS-R points/period (P=0.014) and -12.6±5.22% to -4.8±14.72%/period (P<0.001), respectively. Conclusion: These results have shown that autologous MSCs transplantation reduces the disease’s progression and has favorable safety. Trial Registration: This study performed as a phase I clinical trial (code IRCT20200828048551N1)

Evaluating The Association Between Serum Hsp27 Antibody and Hypertension in Patients without Underlying Cardiovascular Disease

Introduction: An association between heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) antigen with cardiovascular risk factors has been shown previously. Furthermore, higher levels of serum anti-HSP27 antibodies are also related to higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In the current study, we looked at the relationship between serum Hsp27 antibodies and hypertension, as an important cardiovascular risk factor, in individuals without evidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods: A sub-population of hypertensive patients (HTN+) without underlying CVD were recruited from the Mashhad stroke and atherosclerosis heart disease (MASHAD) study to assess the association between serum Hsp27 antibodies and hypertension; independent of other cardiovascular risk factors. A total of 1599 people were studied of whom 288 individuals had hypertension and 1311 were used as controls (HTN-).Results: Mean serum Hsp27 antibody titers were 0.20 (0.27) OD in the whole population sample and was not significantly different in the normotensive (HTN-) compared to HTN+ individuals with different degrees of hypertension.Conclusion: There were no significant associations between serum anti-Hsp27 concentrations and either the presence or severity of hypertension. Future studies are warranted to explore the association of anti-Hsp27 antibody and antigen levels and other cardiovascular risk factors

A study of the thought of selected muslim intellectuals in Iran on islam and modernity, with special reference to science and politics / Maryam Shamsaei

Nothing troubled the people of the Islamic world at the beginning of the twenty-first century as much as the challenge of modernity did. It had occupied a central place in the cultural and sociopolitical agendas of intellectual and social movements, and state actors in the Islamic world and Iran since the 19th century. This study is a theoretical analysis of Iranian Muslim intellectuals’ encounter with Islam and modernity. The two main spheres of modernity which are examined are: i) the political arena and the government structure, and ii) science and technology. The goal of this dissertation is to examine and investigate the controversial ideas of five Iranian Muslim intellectuals, namely: Ali Shariati, Abdolkarim Soroush, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Murteza Mutahhari, and Mehdi Golshani. Their ideas were then compared in order to identify the similarities and dissimilarities in their ideas on Islam and modernity. It is hoped that through this study, a contribution can be made to the current debate on Islam, science and politics, as well as creating an alternative Islamic perspective with regards to science, technology and a systematic government. This study is part of an accumulated effort towards the rejuvenation of the Islamic world in the modern era, including the field of science and technology. The religious thinkers have taken either of the following two major positions in viewing modernisation: (a) In support of selective modernisation, (b) In opposition to selective modernisation. The supporters of selective modernization are mostly concerned about the development and the survival of the developing countries and civilizations and the opponents have traditional Islamic culture in mind. We can therefore take the middle line and consider a middle point in this argument; meaning to suggest that instant development and survival is helpful and effective, but genuine, sustainable development requires patience and adherence to Islamic principles. Therefore the adherence of Islamic nations to the notions of modernity is just a result of the concern for survival, rather than true human development. In its true sense a move toward a real Islamic ruling and Islamic democracy is in fact the basis for an optimal path to development. Based on this reality, and considering that it is necessary to survive in this world, we have to accept modernisation to the extent which is necessary. On the other hand and based on the idea of selective modernisation, we have to aim at reviving the real Islamic nation when working toward development

Evaluation of nickel releasing from stainless steel crowns regarding to “trimming”: An in vitro study

Context: Stainless steel crowns (SSCs) are the most durable and effective restorations for the primary teeth. Allergy to nickel as major components is common. Aims: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of pH, time, oral temperature, and SSCs trimming on the nickel releasing. Settings and Design: This in vitro study was done on 18 same size crowns. Subjects and Methods: Group A (without trim 0 and Group B (with trim) were immersed in 5 ml artificial saliva. The amount of nickel releasing in each 18 subgroup composed from 3 pH (3.5, 5, and 6.75) and 3 temperatures (27°C, 37°C, and 47°C) in 3 times (1, 7, and 21 days), was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed by SPSS software (SPSS 20, IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) and use of t-test, Duncan, and Tukey's test for analysis of variances. Results were reported with 95% confidence. Results: The amount of nickel releasing reduced with crown trimming, significantly (P = 0.0001). A significant difference was observed in the amount of released nickel in temperature 47°C in comparison with 37°C (P = 0.0001); this measurement was not significant between 47°C and 27°C (P = 0.442). There was no significant difference between concentration of released nickel in 3 pH conditions and also in 3-time situations. The concentration of nickel was lower in trimmed group in comparison to intact group (P = 0.0001). Conclusions: The concentration of released nickel decreased with trimming of margins and increased when temperature increased. Time and pH had no significant effect on released nickel

Presenting a Model of Nurses\' Psychological Well-Being Based on the Variables of Spiritual Health, Resilience, and Emotional Atmosphere of the Family during the Corona Pandemic and Its Effect on Emotional Distress Tolerance of Nurses

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the psychological well-being of nurses based on the variables of spiritual health, resilience, and emotional atmosphere of the family during the corona pandemic and its effect on nurses' emotional distress tolerance. Methods: The present study was a correlational study. The statistical population of the study includes all nurses of public hospitals in Shiraz, Iran. Due to the corona pandemic conditions, 200 members of the community were randomly selected as the research sample. Data were collected using standard questionnaires of psychological well-being, spiritual health, resilience, family emotional atmosphere, and emotional distress tolerance and were analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM) using SPSS and Amos software. Findings: The proposed model had a good fit. Based on the results of structural equations, spiritual health (P = 0.170 and P = 0.012), resilience (P = 0.180 and P = 0.008), and family emotional atmosphere (P = 0.360 and P < 0.001) directly affected the nurses' psychological well-being. Moreover, the indirect effects of spiritual health (P = 0.083 and P = 0.012), resilience (P = 0.088 and P = 0.005), and family emotional atmosphere (P = 0.170 and P < 0.001) on the nurses' emotional distress tolerance through psychological well-being was confirmed. Only the direct effect of resilience on emotional distress tolerance (P = 0.030 and P = 0.570) was not confirmed in the model. Conclusion: The spiritual health, resilience, and emotional atmosphere of the family lead to improvement of psychological well-being and also increase the nurses' emotional distress tolerance