Electroencephalogram in premature infants: From normal to pathological activity

This study was aimed to assess electrophysiological brain activity in newborns of various gestational ages using electroencephalography (EEG). We summarized the data on the main EEG characteristics of premature infants and their dynamics and described the most common pathological EEG changes that can be identified at this age. We also discussed prognostic value of various neonatal EEG patterns (including their proportion and location), which allow verification of functional brain disorders at early stages. © 2019 ABV-Press Publishing House. All rights reserved.Russian Science Foundation, RSFФинансирование. Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке гранта №16-18-10371 Российского научного фонда. Исследование прово-дится в рамках программы, поддержанной постановлением №211 Правительства Российской Федерации, соглашение №02.A03.21.0006. Financing. The study was funded by the grant No. 16-18-10 371 from the Russian Science Foundation. The study conducts within a program, supported by the resolution of the Russian Government No. 211, agreement No. 02.A03.21.0006

Clinical manifestations of the onset and diagnostic problems in children with moyamoya disease

Moyamoya disease in children is a rarely diagnosed entity. Frequent headache is the first symptom of the disease. Headache associated with moya-moya disease (HAMD) is a separated entity reported in the literature. Variants of onset, a spectrum of primary diagnoses and diagnosis verification rate of moyamoya disease in 7 children are presented. A clinical case of moya-moya disease in a 9-year boy, who was primarily diagnosed with migraine with aura, is reported. The results presented by the authors as well as literature data indicate the necessity of using magnetic-resonance angiography in children with headache attacks and focal neurologic symptoms to identify this progressive vascular pathology and timely recommend a surgical treatment. © 2016, Media Sphera. All rights reserved

Irreversible Aging Dynamics and Generic Phase Behavior of Aqueous Suspensions of Laponite

In this work we study the aging behavior of aqueous suspension of Laponite having 2.8 weight % concentration using rheological tools. At various salt concentration all the samples demonstrate orientational order when observed using crossed polarizers. In rheological experiments we observe inherent irreversibility in the aging dynamics which forces the system not to rejuvenate to the same state in the shear melting experiment carried out at a later date since preparation. The extensive rheological experiments carried out as a function of time elapsed since preparation demonstrate the self similar trend in the aging behavior irrespective of the concentration of salt. We observe that the exploration of the low energy states as a function of aging time is only kinetically affected by the presence of salt. We estimate that the energy barrier to attain the low energy states decreases linearly with increase in the concentration of salt. The observed superposition of all the elapsed time and the salt concentration dependent data suggests that the aging that occurs in low salt concentration systems over a very long period is qualitatively similar to the aging behavior observed in systems with high salt concentration over a shorter period.Comment: 27 pages, 8 figures. Langmuir, in pres

Predictors of epilepsy in children after ischemic stroke

Objective. To determine clinical/instrumental predictors of symptomatic epilepsy after ischemic stroke in children. Material and methods. One hundred and thirty-six patients, aged 0-15 years, with the diagnosis of ischemic stroke (ICD-10 I63.0-I63.9) were examined. The duration of the study was 18 months - 12 years. Patients were stratified into post-stroke (n=22) and control (n=114) groups, the latter included patients without epilepsy regardless of the presence of convulsive seizures in the acute stage of stroke. Predictors were determined based on EEG and characteristics of convulsive syndrome in the acute stage of stroke. Results and conclusion. The following prognostic criteria were found: generalized type of seizures, focal type of seizures with secondary generalization, epileptiform (peak and/or peak-wave) activity, focal character of epileptiform activity, generalized type of seizures in the combination with slow wave background activity on EEG, generalized type of seizures in the combination with slow wave activity and disorganized activity on EEG. © 2016, Media Sphera. All Rights Reserved

EPILEPSIES WITH PYREXIAL REMISSIONS

The course of epilepsies with reducing of number and severity of seizures due to increase of body temperature is described. There are 14 children with these epilepsy features are made as an example. Possible mechanisms of this process are assumed. The different mechanism of hyperthermia action on febrile seizures, Dravet syndrome, generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus are discussed. The main features ofepilepsies with pyrexial remissions are circumscribed with their rate. Possible hereditary factors of SCN1A mutations are supposed

SOMATIC COMORBID ITY AND DE VELOPIN G EPILEPSY IN CHILDREN AFTER A SINGLE SEI ZURE

Aim – to study chronic somatic comorbidity as a possible predictor of epilepsy in children after a single seizure.Materials and methods. Based on the follow-up results, 279 cases were studied and compared: the study group – epilepsy – included 166 children with two or more seizures developed at least 24 hours after the first seizure; the control group – 113 children with a single seizure that remained isolated for the subsequent three years.Results. We found that at the time of the first (single) attack, the background of chronic ocular morbidity (myopia, hypermetropia, optic nerve atrophy, retinal dystrophy) was significantly more common among children in the control group as compared with the confirmed epilepsy group where cardiovascular disorders prevailed. Other concomitant diseases had no statistically significant correlations with the occurrence of epilepsy after a single seizure.Conclusion. Diagnosis of somatic comorbidity in children with a single seizure may be a prognostic factor of subsequent epilepsy